Objective:To optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids in Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves. Methods:The single factor test and orthogonal test were adopted with the content of total flavonoids as the index, and the ultra-sound-assisted extraction was optimized with the concentration of solvent, extracting time, ratio of raw material to liquid and extraction times as the factors. Results:The optimal extraction conditions were 70% ethanol with 40-fold volume, extracting 2 times with 30 mi-nutes per time. Conclusion:The extraction process is stable and feasible, and all the results are useful references for the extraction process improvement.

Objective To evaluate cerebral parenchymal atrophy of patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD)through the compara-tive analysis of the volume and morphology of the brain ventricle between patients with AD and normal elderly.Methods 20 patients with AD and 20 normal elderly people were scanned at 3.0T MR,and lateral ventricle section images were achieved,and the lateral ventricle volume and the anterior horn,posterior horn and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle were calculated by analyzing the re-construction of section images with MIMICS software from Belgian.Results As compared with normal elderly group,the patients with AD exhibited significantly increased the volume of left ventricular volume(LV),right ventricular volume (RV)and total vol-ume (TV)(P<0.05).Angle of bilateral anterior horn and temporal horn but not posterior horn of the lateral ventricle in patients with AD were significantly higher than that in normal elderly (P<0.05).The volume of the left,right and total cerebral ventricle, the angle of the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricle and the angle of the temporal horn of the left and right lateral ven-tricle were negatively correlated with MMSE (P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with AD exhibites significantly greater volume and an-gle of the lateral ventricular than normal elderly people.These related data measured can predict brain parenchymal atrophy of pa-tients with AD more conveniently and accurately.

Objective To evaluate the effects between video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL ) and open inguinal lymphadenectomy(OIL) to provide the evidence-based basis for the selection of the clinical therapy schemes .Methods The related clinical controlled trial literature on the effective comparison of VEIL and OIL were retrieved from the databases of PubMed ,Co-chrane library ,Elsevier ,CNKI and Wanfang database .The screening was independently performed by 2 reviewers according to the including and excluding criteria .The related data were extracted and performed the meta analysis by the RevMan 5 .2 software .Re-sults A total of 4 trials were included .There were 146 cases of inguinal lymphadenectomies ,in which 61 cases were VEIL and 85 cases were OIL .The meta-analysis results showed that there were no statistical differences between the two operation modes in terms of the operative time(WMD=32 .33 ,95% CI -25 .70-90 .36 ,P=0 .27) ,intraoperative blood loss(WMD=9 .10 ,95% CI -76 .03-94 .23 ,P=0 .83) ,number of removed lymph nodes(WMD=0 .77 ,95% CI -1 .66-3 .20 ,P=0 .53) ,number of positive re-moved lymph nodes(WMD=0 .08 ,95% CI -0 .23-0 .40 ,P=0 .61) ,postoperative drainage time(WMD= -1 .30 ,95% CI -6 .40 -3 .80 ,P=0 .62) ,postoperative hospital stay (WMD= -4 .02 ,95% CI -10 .19-2 .15 ,P=0 .20) ,but the difference between VEIL and OIL in term of surgical complications had statistical significance (OR=0 .08 ,95% CI 0 .03-0 .26 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion VEIL has equivalent efficacy to OIL ,but has less surgical complications .

This study was aimed to investigate the biological behavior of annonaceous acetogenin mimic AA005 in various kinds of leukemia cells and further elaborated its possible mechanisms in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line NB4. The proliferative inhibition of leukemia cells was measured by CCK-8 method. Cell death was determined by trypan blue. Cell morphological features of NB4 treated with AA005 were examined by microscopy after Wright's staining. The form of cell death was measured by flow cytometry. Proteins PARP-1 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle arrest induced by AA005 of low concentration. The results showed that AA005 (> 200 nmol/L) significantly inhibited proliferation of all tested leukemia cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. The vast majority of cells went to die after leukemia cell lines of NB4, U937 and K562 were treated with different concentration of AA005 for 48 h. Typical morphologic changes significantly appeared in NB4 cells after AA005 treatment. AA005 almost simultaneously induced early apoptosis and late apoptosis. The little cleavage of PARP-1 and activation of caspase-3 happened in AA005-induced cell death, and caspase-3 inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk could not block the cell death. The non-toxic concentrations of AA005 (< 200 nmol/L) caused NB4 cells G(2)/M-phase arrest. It is concluded that annonaceous acetogenin mimic AA005 induces significant proliferative inhibition of various leukemia cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, which may be associated with cell death and G(2)/M-phase arrest induced by AA005.
Acetogenins ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Fatty Alcohols ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Lactones ; pharmacology ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism

Objective: To preliminarily establish the reference interval for serum creatinine in healthy adults aged 20-79 years in city of Lianyungang. Methods: A total of 34 577 cases of reference individuals were selected from physical examination population by using the principle of complete randomization, and the concentration of serum creatinine was detected by AU5821 automatic biochemical analyzer with its matching reagents.According to the standards of CLSI C28-A3 and WS/T 402-2012 " Clinical Laboratory Test Project Reference Interval Formulation" , the reference interval of serum creatinine was established. Results: There was statistically significant difference of serum creatinine in gender and age between healthy adults in this area (male group: 78[72-84]μmol/L, female group: 61[56-66]μmol/L; aged 20-59 of male group: 78[72-84]μmol/L, aged 60-79 of male group: 77[70-85]μmol/L; aged 20-59 of female group: 60[56-65]μmol/L, aged 60-79 of female group: 63[58-69]μmol/L) (Z=120.93, Z=31.53, Z=28.45; all P<0.05). Therefore, the reference interval of serum creatinine was established based on gender and age, and its reference interval was 61-97μmol/L (aged 20-59 of male), 60-106μmol/L (aged 60-79 of male), 47-76μmol/L (aged 20-59 of female) and 49-86μmol/L (aged 60-79 of female), respectively. Conclusion Establishment of reference interval in serum creatinine plays an important role in the auxiliary diagnosis, progression and prognosis evaluation of various kidney diseases.

Objective ToinvestigatethevalueofimagetextureanalysisbasedonconventionalMRimagesinthedifferentialdiagnosisof intracranialsolitaryfibroustumor/hemangiopericytoma(SFT/HPC)andvascularmeningiomas.Methods 12casesofSFT/HPCand 16casesofvascularmeningiomaconfirmedbypathologywerecollected.Variousdiscriminantanalysismethodsandimagetextureanalysis techniqueswereappliedtopre-operativeroutineMRIimagesofthebrain,andthebesttextureparameterswereselectedtoclassify cases,includinglineardiscriminantanalysis(LDA),nonlineardiscriminantanalysis(NDA),principalcomponentanalysis(PCA)and rawdataanalysis(RDA).Finally,thebestclassificationsequencetextureparameterswerechosenforstatisticalanalysis.Results The enhancedT1WIwasthebestclassificationsequence.ThePOE+ACC methodhadthelowestmisclassificationrate.Theabsolutegradient skewness,theautocorrelationofthecooccurrencematrix,andthevarianceofthehistograminthetexturefeaturesoftheSFT/HPC andvascularmeningiomasweredifferent(P<0.05).Conclusion ThatbasedontheconventionalMRimagetextureanalysiscanprovidemore quantitativeinformation,anew methodandideafortheidentificationofintracranialSFT/HPCandvascularmeningioma.

BACKGROUNDIsoflurane, a commonly used inhaled anesthetic, induces apoptosis in primary rat cortical neurons of rat in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by an unknown mechanism. We hypothesized that isoflurane induced apoptosis by causing abnormal calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via activation of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptors. Sevoflurane has a reduced ability to disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis and is a less potent cytotoxic agent. This study examined and compared the cytotoxic effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on rat primary cortical neurons and their relationship with disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

METHODSPrimary rat cortical neurons were treated with the equivalent of 1 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and sevoflurane for 12 hours. MTT reduction and LDH release assays were performed to evaluate cell viability. Changes of calcium concentration in the cytosolic space, [Ca(2+)](c), and production of ROS were determined after exposing primary rat cortical neurons to isoflurane and sevoflurane. We also determined the effects of IP(3) receptor antagonist xestospongin C on isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity and calcium release from the ER in primary rat cortical neurons.

RESULTSIsoflurane at 1 MAC for 12 hours induced cytotoxicity in primary rat cortical neurons, which was also associated with a high and fast elevation of peak [Ca(2+)](c). Xestospongin C significantly ameliorated isoflurane cytotoxicity in primary cortical neurons, as well as inhibited the calcium release from the ER in primary cortical neurons. Isoflurane did not induce significant changes of ROS production in primary rat cortical neurons. Sevoflurane, at equivalent exposure to isoflurane, did not induce similar cytotoxicity or elevation of peak [Ca(2+)](c) in primary rat cortical neurons.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that isoflurane induced elevation in [Ca(2+)](c), partially via elevated activity of IP(3) receptors, which rendered cells vulnerable to isoflurane neurotoxicity. ROS production was not involved in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. Sevoflurane, at an equivalent exposure to isoflurane, did not induce similar elevations of [Ca(2+)](c) or neurotoxicity in primary cortical neurons of rat.

Anesthetics, Inhalation ; toxicity ; Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; drug effects ; physiology ; Isoflurane ; toxicity ; Methyl Ethers ; toxicity ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of conventional metal materials in oral cavity on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSFour kinds of metal materials (metal ligature wire, forging hard and slotless denture, casting nichrome denture, casting copper alloy denture) in oral cavity were scanned through MRI. FSE sequence T1 weighted imaging (FSE T1), EPI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence of ordinary, Propeller DWI imaging were used.

RESULTSIn FSE T1 sequence, metal ligature wire and forging hard and slotless denture produced serious false image, casting nichrome denture produced moderate false image, casting copper alloy denture produced only little false image. In EPI DWI sequence, obvious magnetic-sensitive false image were produced in the dissection tissue of the brain by metal ligature wire. While in Propeller DWI sequence, magnetic-sensitive false image were greatly reduced and satisfactory images were formed.

CONCLUSIONDifferent metal materials in oral cavity have different influence on the MRI. The false images produced by different metal materials are closely related to the type of the material. Magnetic-sensitive false images can be eliminated by Propeller DWI technique.

Dental Materials ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective: Cognition impairments are considered as a fundamental characteristic of severe mental disorders (SMD). Recent studies suggest that hyperprolactinemia may exert a detrimental influence on cognitive performance in patients with SMD. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum prolactin levels and cognitive function in female individuals diagnosed with SMD. Methods: We conducted a study on 294 patients with SMD and 195 healthy controls, aged between 14 to 55 years old. Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), while prolactin levels were measured in serum. Descriptive analysis and comparative analysis were performed to compare cognitive function and prolactin levels between groups, and linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between prolactin and cognitive function. Results: Compared to the healthy control, individuals with SMD exhibited significantly higher levels of prolactin, while scoring lower on RBANS total and every index scores. Furthermore, a negative association between prolactin levels and cognitive function (RBANS total index score, attention, and delayed memory) was observed in SMD patients. Importantly, this inverse correlation between prolactin and cognition function (RBANS total index score, total scale score, and attention) persisted in patients who were not taking medications that could potentially influence serum prolactin levels. Conclusion Our study reveals a significant correlation between elevated prolactin levels and cognitive impairment in female patients with SMD, underscoring the importance of monitoring prolactin levels in order to prevent cognitive deterioration among female SMD patients.

Objective: Cognition impairments are considered as a fundamental characteristic of severe mental disorders (SMD). Recent studies suggest that hyperprolactinemia may exert a detrimental influence on cognitive performance in patients with SMD. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum prolactin levels and cognitive function in female individuals diagnosed with SMD. Methods: We conducted a study on 294 patients with SMD and 195 healthy controls, aged between 14 to 55 years old. Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), while prolactin levels were measured in serum. Descriptive analysis and comparative analysis were performed to compare cognitive function and prolactin levels between groups, and linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between prolactin and cognitive function. Results: Compared to the healthy control, individuals with SMD exhibited significantly higher levels of prolactin, while scoring lower on RBANS total and every index scores. Furthermore, a negative association between prolactin levels and cognitive function (RBANS total index score, attention, and delayed memory) was observed in SMD patients. Importantly, this inverse correlation between prolactin and cognition function (RBANS total index score, total scale score, and attention) persisted in patients who were not taking medications that could potentially influence serum prolactin levels. Conclusion Our study reveals a significant correlation between elevated prolactin levels and cognitive impairment in female patients with SMD, underscoring the importance of monitoring prolactin levels in order to prevent cognitive deterioration among female SMD patients.