Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Research Design

Two regression models, based on panel data over the period of 2000-2011, are built and used to analyze what factors determine China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN. The results indicate that, China GDP, the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita, average export price, the ratio of state-owned assets to total assets, have a significant positive influence on the export volumes of primary products of Chinese medicine. At the same time, RMB appreciation, the ratio of three kinds of foreign-invested assets to total assets, China-ASEAN Early Harvest Program, ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have a significant negative influence. In respect of the export volumes of semi-finished products of Chinese medicine, the significant influential factors are ASEAN GDP and the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita. The former is positive and the latter is negative. In order to optimize the commodity composition of experts, it is needed to increase export volumes of both primary and semi-finished products of Chinese medicine. According to the analysis above, some proposals are put forward, such as, improving the performance of foreign capital, playing an exemplary and leading role in technological innovation by state-owned enterprises, taking advantage of bargaining power of suppliers, increasing outward foreign direct investment.
China ; Commerce ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Europe, Eastern ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

Recent epidemiologic data indicate that metfomin has an anti-tumor effect.However,the underlying anti-tumor mechanisms remain unclear.MicroRNAs (miRNAs)can exhibit pro-oncogenic or anti-oncogenic effects by regulating the differentiation and proliferation of cells.In vitro studies show that metformin can regulate the expressions of multiple miRNAs which are closely associated with tumor development,a process possibly relating to the anti-cancer roles of metformin.

This study aimed to investigate viral infections and the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shijiazhuang, China, in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and control of respiratory tract infections. Throat swab specimens were collected from 483 cases of ILI who were outpatients in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shijiazhuang between January and December 2011. All specimens were examined by multiplex RT-PCR for the following 15 respiratory tract viruses: adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV types 1-4), influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), human enterovirus (HEV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A and -B), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV-229E/NL63 and -OC43/HKU1), and human bocavirus (HBoV). Among the 483 cases of ILI, 214 (44.31%) were positive for viruses, including ADV (8.7%), HEV (8.7%), RSV-A (8.07%), HRV (7.45%), FluA (5.38%), HCoV-OC43/ HKU1 (2.9%), PIV-3 (2.9%), HMPV (1.86%), PIV-1 (1.24%), HCoV-229E/NL63 (1.04%), PIV-2 (1.04%), HBoV (0.83%), and FluB (0.41%). Twenty-six (5.38%) of all cases were co-infected with two or more viruses, most commonly HEV/HRV with other viruses. Cases of viral infection were detected throughout the year, with peaks in January and February. ADV and HRV were detected throughout almost the whole year without obvious seasonality. HEV was detected between April and November, with a peak of prevalence in summer and autumn. FluA and FluB reached epidemic levels mainly in winter and spring. All cases of RSV were identified to be subtype A. PIV infection was mainly caused by PIV-3. The positive rate of HCoV-OC43/HKU1 infection was significantly higher than that of HCoV-229E/NL63. The leading five viruses that resulted in ILI Shijiazhuang in 2011 were HEV, ADV, RSV-A, HRV, and FluA, and these viruses have different epidemiological features.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:To study the phenotypes of side population cells in leukemia is important for understanding the heterogeneity and origin of tumor cells, molecular markers and targeted therapy.
OBJECTIVE:To identify whether the human chronic myeloid leukemia cellline-K562 contains side population cells or not, and to further observe the differences in expressions of leukocyte differentiation antigens from side population cellsubset and non-side population cells subset.
METHODS:Flow cytometry was used to detect whether there were side population cells in the K562 celllines. Then, the expression of CD34+, CD34+CD38-, CD34+CD38+, HLA-DR+cells in the side population subsets and non-side population subsets.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Flow cytometry results showed that the K562 cellline contained side population cells, and the proportion of side population cells was much lower. The side population cells accounted for (2.7±0.5)%of viable cells in K562. The expressions of CD34+cells and CD34+CD38-cells in the side population subset were significantly higher than those in the non-side population subsets. The expressions of CD34+CD38+cells and HLA-DR+cells in the side population subset and non-side population subset did not have a significant difference. Heterogeneity was found in the differentiation antigen expression between the side population subset and non-side population subset.

Objective To determine the variation of bone mineral density(BMD)and bone mineral content (BMC)in cadaveric lumbar vertebrae and investigate their significance in determining fracture modes and biomecha- nical properties.Methods The lumbar motion segments of the spines of 19 cadavers(mean age:56 years)were compressed to failure.The BMD and BMC of the cranial and caudal endplates were determined,along with the BMD and BMC of the upper and lower 1/3 transverse sub-endplate layers and the middle 1/3 transverse layer.The anteri- or,middle and posterior 1/3 vertical parts,anterior and posterior 1/2 vertical parts and the whole BMD and BMC were measured by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as well.All the data were analyzed statistically.Results Among the 19 segments,macrography after dissection revealed that 16 had been fractured,about 84.2%.The frac- ture always occurred in the centre or in the anterior part of the endplate.Within a vertebral body,the BMD and BMC of the cranial endplate were less than those of the caudal endplate,and the cranial 1/3 transverse layer and middle layer had lower BMD and BMC readings than the caudal layer.For the vertical region,from the anterior 1/3 to the posterior 1/3,or from the anterior 1/2 to the posterior 1/2,the BMD and BMC increased.For the endplate around the disc,the BMD of upper endplate was higher than that of the lower one,but the BMCs were equal.In one motion segment,the failure load correlated positively with BMD,and with the BMC of the endplate and the sub-endplate bone.Conclusion The variations in BMD and BMC within a vertebra and around a disc can explain why vertebral fractures are concentrated on the upper endplate,and why compressive fractures are always wedge-shaped.This un- derstanding can assist in the placement of inter-vertebral spacers.

Child ; Epiphyses ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Lower Extremity

OBJECTIVETo probe the implant-bone-interface stress distribution of zygomatic implant denture concerning different implant sites.

METHODSThree-dimensional finite element model for severe atrophy maxillary posterior-tooth area was established biomechanically in this study by computer technique and zygomatic implant was simulated into the model in the first-maxillary-premolar region, the second-maxillary-premolar region, the first-maxillary-molar region and the second-maxillary-molar region respectively. Vertical loading, buccal (30 degrees) loading and lingual (30 degrees) loading were preformed, 100 N. Then these load cases were calculated and analyzed.

RESULTS1) When the implant site was placed in the first-maxillary-premolar region, the buccal side of zygomatic implant exposed out of the bone and didn't meet the clinical request. 2) As far as the tensile stress peak value in the maxillary posterior-tooth area was concerned, the highest value was recorded when the implant was placed in the second-maxillary-molar region, and then the medium value was recorded when the implant was placed in the second-maxillary-premolar region, and the smallest was recorded when the implant in the first-maxillary-molar region. As far as the compressive stress peak value in the maxillary posterior-tooth area was concerned, the highest value was recorded when the implant was placed in the second-maxillary-molar region, and then the medium was recorded when the implant was in the first-maxillary-molar region, and the smallest value was presented when the implant was in the second-maxillary-premolar region. As far as the tensile and compressive stress peak values in the zygomatic area were concerned, the highest value was recorded when the implant was in the second-maxillary-premolar region, and then the medium value when the implant was in the first-maxillary-molar region, and the smallest when the implant was in the second-maxillary-molar region.

CONCLUSIONThe first-maxillary-molar region is the best implant site of zygomatic implant denture.

The HPLC fingerprints of Niuhuangjiedu tablets (NHJDT) were established and assessed by systematic quantified fingerprint method. The chromatographic fingerprints (CFPs) were determined by reversed-phase HPLC, in which the CFPs containing 53 co-possessing peaks were marked by choosing baicalin peak as the referential peak. Fifteen batches of NHJDT were identified with hierarchical clustering analysis by using macro qualitative similarities and macro quantitative similarities as variables. According to the results of classification, the referential fingerprint (RFP) was synthesized from 10 batches of NHJDTs. Taking the RFP for the qualified model, the whole 15 batches of NHJDTs were evaluated by the systematic quantified fingerprint method. Among the 15 batches of NHJDT, 9 batches were completely qualified, the relative variance of leveling coefficient of 1 batch was obviously higher while the contents of other 5 batches were lower. The systematic quantified fingerprint method closely integrates the systematic fingerprints with the macro qualitative similarities and macro quantitative similarities to perform the entire qualification and quantitation analyses, which can briefly and effectively assess the quality of Chinese traditional medicine.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tablets

A novel targeting drug carrier (FA-BO-PAMAM) based on the PAMAM G5 dendrimer modified with borneol (BO) and folic acid (FA) molecules on the periphery and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded in the interior was designed and prepared to achieve the purposes of enhancing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transportation and improving the drug accumulation in the glioma cells. 1H NMR was used to confirm the synthesis of FA-BO-PAMAM; its morphology and mean size were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Based on the HBMEC and C6 cells, cytotoxicity assay, transport across the BBB, cellular uptake and anti-tumor activity in vitro were investigated to evaluate the properties of nanocarriers in vitro. The results showed that the nanocarrier of FA-BO-PAMAM was successfully synthesized, which was spherical in morphology with the average size of (22.28 ± 0.42) nm, and zeta potential of (7.6 ± 0.89) mV. Cytotoxicity and transport across the BBB assay showed that BO-modified conjugates decreased the cytotoxicity of PAMAM against both HBMEC and C6 cells and exhibited higher BBB transportation ability than BO-unmodified conjugates; moreover, modification with FA increased the total uptake of DOX by C6 cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX-polymer against C6 cells. Therefore, FA-BO-PAMAM is a promising nanodrug delivery system in employing PAMAM as a drug carrier and treatment for brain glioma.
Biological Transport ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Bornanes ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendrimers ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Folic Acid ; chemistry ; Glioma ; Humans