OBJECTIVE To approach the constituent ratio and drug-resistance of Gram-negative bacilli(GNB) in nosocomial infections and provide the scientific evidence for the clinical treatment of infectious diseases.METHODS Totally 376 GNB strains isolated from our hospital were cultured and identified according to the National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rules.The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B method and the constituent ratio of GNB was analyzed statistically.RESULTS The pathogens with strains having higher isolating rate were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(21.5%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(17.6%),Acinetobacter baumannii(14.4%),Escherichia coli(10.9%),and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(5.9%).The drug sensitivity tests in vitro showed that these strains were multiresistant.Except for natural drug-resistant S.maltophilia,16.0% of P.aeruginosa and 24.1% of A.baumannii were resistant to imipenem.The average detection rate of the extended spectrum ?-lactamase(ELBLs) producers was 40.2%.CONCLUSIONS The resistance status of GNB is very serious.We must strengthen monitoring and controlling of drug resistance.

OBJECTIVE To investigate flora distribution and drug resistance status of nosocomial infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) in intensive care unit (ICU) and to provide the scientific reference for clinically reasonable use of antibiotics. METHODS PAE was isolated,cultured and identified according to the National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rules. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B method and the results were read according to CLSI 2004-2006. RESULTS Among 254 PAE strains,the isolating rate in the lower respiratory tract samples was the highest (rriving 59.4%). Then the isolating rate in the wound and soft tissue infection samples was 13.8%. The drug-resistance supervision in vitro accounted for 17.3% and 19.7%,respectively,of PAE were resistant to imipenem and meropenem in ICU. The drug resistance rate to aztreonam,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,gentamicin,cefotaxime,cefepime and piperacillin was all over 60.0%. CONCLUSIONS PAE in ICU is the mostly multi-resistant strain. We should strengthen its monitoring and controlling.

Equipment Design ; Humans ; Needles ; standards ; Paracentesis ; instrumentation ; methods ; Pleural Effusion ; therapy ; Pneumothorax ; therapy ; Punctures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of thread embedding at tender points on the Governor Vessel in treating intractable insomnia.MethodEighty eligible subjects were randomized into two groups. The thread embedding group was intervened by thread embedding at tender points on the Governor Vessel, while the acupuncture was by ordinary acupuncture.ResultThe recovery and markedly effective rate in the thread embedding group (72.5%) was markedly higher than that in the acupuncture group (45.0%). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were significantly lower after intervention in both groups (P<0.05); the PSQI score in the thread embedding group was significantly lower than that in the acupuncture group after intervention (P<0.05). ConclusionThread embedding at tender points on the Governor Vessel can produce a more significant efficacy than ordinary acupuncture in treating intractable insomnia, and it can more effectively improve sleep quality.

Objective To discuss the changes of the quality of the fresh frozen plasma,which leaved refrigerator and it was out of the cold chain.Method The fresh frozen plasma was placed at the room temperature,in six different periods,that is 0,0.5,2,4 h,8,and 12 hours.The prothrombin time,activated partial thrombin live enzymes time,fibrinogen and factor FⅤ,factor FⅧ,antithrombin(AT) and protein C were tested on each point.Results In the fourth group and the fifth group,the FⅧ,AT,and protein C were statistically lower compared with the controls (P＜0.05).But there were no obvious changes of APTT,PT,INR,Fbg and FⅤwhen placed at room temperature for 12 hours.Conclusion After the fresh frozen plasma placed at room temperature for more than 8 hours,the FⅧ ∶ C,AT and protein C were significantly lower compared with the control group.But they have no obvious changes of APTT,PT,INR,Fbg and F Ⅴ when placed at room temperature for 12 hours.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients.METHODS A total of 1739 strains of bacteria isolated from sputum and lower respiration secretion culture of the elderly patients were identified and their drug resistance was tested by K-B method.RESULTS From 1739 strains of pathogens isolated,Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 63.8%.The main Gram-negative bacilli were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii,Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Gram-positive cocci accounted for 22.9% and Candida albicans accounted for 13.3%,respectively.The resistance rates of Gram-negative bailli to imipenem,cefoperazone/sulbactam and amikacine were relatively low.And all Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection is serious.It is important to mornitor the antimicrobial resistance.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotic resistance status in coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) strains and provide the scientific evidence for the reasonable use of antibiotics. METHODS The drug resistance of 251 strains of CNS was ananlyzed. RESULTS The detection rate of methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(MSCNS) was 12.75% (32/251), while that of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) was 87.25%. The drug-resistance rate of MRCNS was higher than that of MSCNS. Vancomycin resistant and intermediate strains had not been detected. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory should monitor the drug resistance well and update in time to offer the evidence for the reasonable use age of the antibiotics.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Needles ; Pelvic Bones ; anatomy & histology

AIM: To observe platelet activation and fibrinolytic activity and evalute the effects of valsartan and amlodipine in elderly patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: Double antibody sandwich ELISA and spectrophotometric assay were used to examine the levels of platelet alpha granule membrane protein (GMP 140), tissue type plasminogen activator (t PA) and its inhibitor (PAI 1) in 57 elderly patients with essential hypertension and 30 normotensives. Valsartan was given in 29 cases (groupⅠ) and amlodipine in 28 cases (group Ⅱ) for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Elevated GMP 140, decreased t PA activity, and elevated PAI 1 activity were detected in the patients, but not in normotensives (P

Objective To evaluate the epidemic status of main non-communicable chronic diseases among the residents of Jingan district in Shanghai.Methods Multistage cluster sampling was adopted.960 residents were investigated with questionnaire and physical examination.Results The prevalence rates of Hypertension,diabetes mellitus,Cerebral vessels and Heart-blood were 25.6%,5.8%,3.1%and 5.7%,respectively.The multivarate logistic regression analysis showed that the related risk factors to four non-communicable chronic diseases included family history,the OR(95%CI)1.6(1.2～2.3),6.9 (3.5～13.6),4.5(2.0～10.0),2.2(1.2～4.0)separately.Conclusion Hypertension,diabetes are the main non-communicable disease hazarding the public health.The government and professional institutes should raise the attention on this serious problem and finance more as well as supplying policy support.