Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. More than 50 % of advanced NSCLC are diagnosed in patients older than age 65 years. Aging is inextricably associated with decreases in marrow reserve, drug clearance, and lean body mass. Elderly cancer patients often present with medical and physiologic challenges that make the selection of their optimal treatment daunting. This article reviews the progress in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in the elderly in recent years.

As a hot topic, biomarkers can provide reliable evidence for the individualized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. With the further study of molecular biology and development of new drugs,biomarkers have shown a broad prospect in clinical application. Combining with the research in recent years,this review describes the progress in biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer.

As a new type of carbon nanomaterials, fluorescent carbon dots (fluorescent CDs) have many advantages when compared with the traditional fluorescent probes. They are photoluminescence stable and resistance to photo bleaching. Moreover, they are excellent in biocompatibility, low-toxic and easy to modify. All these above make them a promising optical image material as a probe in optical image. This article reviews structure, the common carbon sources, the preparation methods, and the light-emitting principles of the carbon dots. We also introduce the research progress of fluorescent carbon dots in biomedicine, and the problems need to be resolved in the study of fluorescent CDs.

As a new type of carbon nanomaterials, fluorescent carbon dots (fluorescent CDs) have many advantages when compared with the traditional fluorescent probes. They are photoluminescence stable and resistance to photo bleaching. Moreover, they are excellent in biocompatibility, low-toxic and easy to modify. All these above make them a promising optical image material as a probe in optical image. This article reviews structure, the common carbon sources, the preparation methods, and the light-emitting principles of the carbon dots. We also introduce the research progress of fluorescent carbon dots in biomedicine, and the problems need to be resolved in the study of fluorescent CDs.
Carbon ; chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; Quantum Dots ; chemistry

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is a major cause of failure in chemotherapy. To the majority of anti-cancer drugs, tumor cells are able to generate a multi-drug resistance; but there is no common views on the mechanism of MDR. This review summarizes the use of drug delivery system based on nanoparticles to overcome MDR in recent years. Three kinds including non-modified, ligand-modified and multifunctional drug delivery systems are described. Especially, the mechanism of reversing MDR based on nanoparticles is covered. Through efficiently offsetting and antagonizing the action of pumping drugs out of the tumor cells, drug delivery system based on nanoparticles can increase the concentration of the drug in tumors, while reduce the side effects on normal cells and overcome multi-drug resistance. The use of drug-loaded nanoparticles, which combines nanotechnology with the strategy of active and passive targeting administration, has shown significant prospect improving cancer therapy.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the vascular effect of hydroxyl-safflor yellow A(HSYA) on rat thoracic aorta and its underlying mechanism. Methods The tension of isolated thoracic aorta rings of rats perfused with different concentrations of HSYA(1?10-6-1?10-4 mol/L) was measured using organ bath technique.The effects of HSYA on the vasocontraction induced by cumulative phenylephrine(PE)(1?10-6-1?10-4 mol/L),KCl(6?10-2 mol/L) and CaCl2(1?10-5-3?10-3 mol/L) were recorded respectively. Results HSYAcaused a concentration-dependent anti-contraction effects by KCl or PE in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings.HSYA inhibited the CaCl2-induced contraction and downward shifted concentration-response curve of aortic rings.HSYA+HP resulted in more significant anti-contraction effect than single use of HSYA(P0.05).There were significant differences in anti-contraction effect between HSYA+RR and RR or HSYA(P

Objective It has become more important to protect brain function in operation and post-operation period with the developmen of surgery therapy for congenital heart surgery.Methods The primary cultured neuron cell of l8-day-pregnan embryoid Sprague-Dawley rat's hippocampus has been selected as the experimental material.The experimental concentration of magnesium sulfate will be 0 mmol/L,1 mmol/L,2 mmol/L,4 mmol/L;0 mmol/L is for control group.Selecting c-fos protein as target for primary antibody.Results After immunohistochemistry procedure,we found the mortality of neuronal cultures with magnesium sulfate in different concentration was 89.47 %,49.35 %,52.56 %,90.67 %(P

Current treatments for cancer and the central nervous system diseases are limited,partly due to the difficulties posed by the insolubility,poor distribution of drugs among cells and lack of selectivity of drugs,the inability of drugs to cross cellular barriers and blood brain barrier (BBB).Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess many distinct properties including good electronic properiies,remarkably penetrating capability on the cell membrane,high drug-loading and pH-dependent therapeutic unloading capacities,thermal properties,large surface area and easy modification with molecules,which render them as a suitable candidate to deliver drugs to cancer and brain.CNTs as a drug delivery could achieve a high efficacy,enhance specificity and diminish side effects.Whereas CNTs have been primarily employed in cancer treatment,a few studies have focused on the treatment and diagnosis of the central nervous system diseases using CNTs.Here,we review the current progress of in vitro and in vivo researches of CNTs-based drug delivery to cancer involving CNTs-based tumor-targeted drug delivery systems (DDS),photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT).Meanwhile,we also review the current progress of in vitro and in vivo researches of CNTs-based drug delivery to brain.

A destructive stem rot of wild aster (Aster koraiensis) occurred sporadically some farmers' fields in Guman-myon, Kosong-gun, Kyongsangnam-do in 2000. One of the most severely infected field in Kosong showed 28.6 percent of infection rate. The fungus also caused stem or crown rot and systemic wilt or blight of the plants. White mycelium spread over stems and petioles of infected plants and sclerotia formed on the old lesions and near the soil surface. The fungus showed maximum mycelial growth around 30degrees C and did not grow under 5degrees C and over 45degrees C and mycelial width were 4.3~10.2 microm. Colony was white, usually many narrow mycelial stand in the aerial mycelium and formed clamp connection. Numerous sclerotia were formed on PDA at 30degrees C. The shape sclerotia were globoid and 0.8~3.0x0.9~3.4 mm in size. The fungus was isolated repeatedly from the infected tissues and confirmed its pathogenecity to wild aster and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the stem rot of wild aster caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.
Crowns ; Fungi ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Korea* ; Mycelium ; Soil

ObjectiveTo investigate the concentration of water fluoride and the application of water defluoridation projects in Suizhou,and to provide a basis for water improvement and prevention of the disease.MethodsCross-sectional study was carried out to investigate completely the water defluoridation projects built between 1986 and 2009 in the area under Suizhou's jurisdiction; 3 source water and terminal water samples of the projects in use were collected,respectively; 1 water sample was collected,respectively in the 3 projects with out-ofcommission or discarded water sources that used to be major water supply,for detection of fluoride,chloride,total hardness,heavy metals and other indicators.ResultsA total of 21 projects were investigated,14 projects were in normal use (66.7％),7 projects were out of order and abandoned (33.3％).Of the 14 projects normally used,13projects with water fluoride concentration ≤ 1.0 mg/L(92.9％)and 1 project with water fluoride concentration higher than 1.0 mg/L(7.1％),the concentration of water fluoride in the 7 abandoned projects was higher than 1.0 mg/L(100％).Arsenic and lead levels of all the water samples were normal.There were two water samples with iron content exceeded the standard,and one total hardness of water samples exceeded the standard in the normally used 14 peripheral water sources.One chloride content exceeded the standard,one manganese content exceeded the standard,two iron content exceeded the standard and three total hardness exceeded the standard in the seven abandoned projects.ConclusionsSome defluoridation projects are stopped using and abandoned in Suizhou,and the water fluoride exceeds the standard.