A novel targeting drug carrier (FA-BO-PAMAM) based on the PAMAM G5 dendrimer modified with borneol (BO) and folic acid (FA) molecules on the periphery and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded in the interior was designed and prepared to achieve the purposes of enhancing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transportation and improving the drug accumulation in the glioma cells. 1H NMR was used to confirm the synthesis of FA-BO-PAMAM; its morphology and mean size were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Based on the HBMEC and C6 cells, cytotoxicity assay, transport across the BBB, cellular uptake and anti-tumor activity in vitro were investigated to evaluate the properties of nanocarriers in vitro. The results showed that the nanocarrier of FA-BO-PAMAM was successfully synthesized, which was spherical in morphology with the average size of (22.28 ± 0.42) nm, and zeta potential of (7.6 ± 0.89) mV. Cytotoxicity and transport across the BBB assay showed that BO-modified conjugates decreased the cytotoxicity of PAMAM against both HBMEC and C6 cells and exhibited higher BBB transportation ability than BO-unmodified conjugates; moreover, modification with FA increased the total uptake of DOX by C6 cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX-polymer against C6 cells. Therefore, FA-BO-PAMAM is a promising nanodrug delivery system in employing PAMAM as a drug carrier and treatment for brain glioma.
Biological Transport ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Bornanes ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendrimers ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Folic Acid ; chemistry ; Glioma ; Humans

Objective To report a case of foot hyalohyphomycosis due to Fusarium subglutinans. Methods Medical history was collected and physical examination performed for this patient.Biopsy samples were obtained from the inner side of right ankle of this patient and subjected to pathological examination. Discharge was collected from the lesions for direct microscopic examination and culture.Results A 72-year-old woman presented with an ulcer on the right foot for 3 years.Physical examination disclosed an ulcer,measuring 3 cm x 1.5 cm,with a moist surface and obvious tenderness,at the inner side of the right ankle.Proliferation of dusky-red granulomatous tissue was observed at the base of the ulcer.Pathological examination revealed necrotic granulomatous tissue and slender,septate and hyaline hypha-like structure in the superficial dermis with scattered infiltration of inflammatory cells.PAS staining showed sausage-like hypha and scattered orbicular-ovate spores.Microscopic examination of lesional discharge exhibited septate, branching and hyaline hypha.The isolated fungus was identified as Fusarium subglutinans by culture,and appeared to be highly sensitive to terbinafine,nystatin and amphotericin B.The lesion completely healed after 2 months of treatment with oral terbinafine (0.25 g,twice a day).Conclusions This is a case of foot hyalohyphomycosis due to Fusarium subglutinans,and terbinafine is effective for this condition.

OBJECTIVETo study modified ilioinguinal approach through the retrospective analysis on the surgical treatment of 63 patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures through anterior approach.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to January 2013, 63 patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures were treated with the ilioinguinal anterior approach, including 45 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 12 to 68 years old, with an average of (37.71 +/- 13.41) years old. All the patients were divided into two groups: standard ilioinguinal anterior approach group (group A) and modified ilioinguinal anterior approach group(group B). In group A, there were 26 males and 11 females, with an average age of (38.49 +/- 13.64) years old. In group B, there were 19 males and 7 females, with an average age of (36.62 +/- 13.29) years old. Intraoperative and postoperative indicators in group A and B were observed and compared, including operation incision exposure time (from skin incision to complete the ilioinguinal in front of three "windows"), the blood loss, incision close time and treatment effect of Majeed function score.

RESULTSCompared to group A, the incision exposure time of patients in group B was shorter, the blood loss (bleeding during exposure process) was less, and the close incision time was shorter, but the treatment effect of Majeed function score had no significant differences between two groups. All the patients were followed up, and the during ranged from 3 to 36 months, with an average of (18.6 +/- 9.2) months. According to Matta standard assessment reduction of pelvic and acetabular fracture, there were 28 patients got an excellent result, 8 good, and 1 fair in the group A; and 20 patients got an excellent result, 5 good, and 1 fair in the group B. According to Majeed function score for hip function, 20 patients got a satisfactory result, 12 good,4 fair and 1 poor in group A, and the mean score was 82.51 +/- 9.72; and 13 patients got an satisfactory result, 10 good, 3 fair and 0 poor in group B, and the mean score was 80.54 +/- 10.79.

CONCLUSIONThe modified approach has several advantages as follows: providing a good surgical exposure; preventing from the injury of femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein under the inguinal ligament; not needing to open the inguinal canal, which can avoid the occurrence of inguinal hernia, reduce operation prodedures and shorten operation time.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical effect of avulsed skin replantation of hand and foot via vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combing low temperature technique.

METHODSFrom March 2012 to October 2013,13 cases with avulsed skin replantation of hand foot using combined technique included 8 males and 5 females with an average age of 32 years old ranging from 18 to 62 years. The time from injury to hospital was 1 to 4 hours (2.4 hour in average). The reasons of injury included machine injury in 7 cases and rolling over by cars in 6 cases. The parts of injuried involved finger in 2 cases,back of the hand in 5 cases and dorsum of foot in 6 cases. The area of avulsed skin was 5 cm x 6 cm to 12 cm x 16 cm,tendon and bone exposure was found in 4 cases. VSD was operated in all patients and the avulsed skin was refrigerated in the temperature of -4 °C or -80 °C. After 4 days, the skin stored in the -4 °C was replanted to the wounded place in 5 cases and in 3 cases the skin was planted to the donor site of flap. The skin stored in the -80 °C was replanted in 4 cases after 7 or 8 days, 1 case after 45 days.

RESULTSOf the 13 cases, 1 case of degloved injury from lower leg to dorsal foot,the replanted skin was necrosis completely; 1 case of degloving injury with fourth finger,the skin which replanted after 45 days survived approximately 30%,cured after skin-graft many times. In the other cases, the survival area of replanted skin was more than 85%, all cured after dressing. According to the standard of skin survival area evaluation by Jia et al, 11 cases showed excellent, 1 showed medium and 1 showed inferior. There were no complication about grafted skin rupture after the skin survived in 11 patients,after 4 to 22 months follow-up, the resiliency of grafted skin showed good. Sensation recovery was measured by BMRC standard: 3 cases of S3, 5 cases of S3, 3 cases of S2.

CONCLUSIONVSD combining lower temperature technique in skin replantation provides time and space for wound preparation and treatment plan for the patients who need second surgery, especially for the large area skin degloving,this method could utilize the degloved skin efficiently, decrease the donor site area, alleviate the pain and financial burden,reduce the scar formation of donor site and impediment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Drainage ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Replantation ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; Young Adult

Objective To study the correlation between the deformation and displacement trend of the lumbosacral vertebra (L1-S1) for two typical scoliosis spines under vertical loads,so as to provide the mechanical basis of treatment and prevention of scoliosis in clinic.Methods The X-ray computed tomography (CT) images of two typical scoliosis spines (Lenke-4AN type and Lenke-5CN type) were converted into 3D models,and their finite element models were then established and verified.The internal stress distribution and displacement variation of the models were calculated by the finite element software;the correlation between the lumbosacral vertebral structure and displacement of the spine was analyzed.Results Under the same boundary conditions and load cases,the stress and displacement for two kinds of lumbosacral vertebral models showed different trends.Due to its leftleaning and forward convex bending deformation as well as the relatively large lordosis angle (60°) and smaller left-leaning angle (17.37°),the Lenke-4AN type lumbosacral spine produced slightly small forward convex displacement (8.18 mm) and relatively large left-leaning displacement (0.97 mm).The Lenke-5CN type lumbosacral spine showed left-leaning and forward convex bending deformation as well,with relatively large lordosis angle(59°) and left-leaning angle (26.97°),so it produced more severe left-leaning displacement (20.65 mm) andforward convex displacement (9.22 mm).Conclusions The deformation trend of lumbosacral vertebra is closelyrelated to its structural characteristics,and different scoliosis lumbosacral vertebral structures will cause the corre-sponding deformation trend.The research findings are important for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the in vitro expression of 6 novel missense mutations (R270G, P275A, F121L, A156P, E183G, I324N) and a previously described R408Q mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene and explore the genotype-phenotype correlation through comparison of protein levels and residual enzyme activities.

METHODSSeven expression vectors containing PAH cDNA were constructed with a site-directed mutagenesis kit. The plasmids were extracted and sequenced to confirm the target mutations. pcDNA3.0 containing PAH cDNA was transfected into COS-7 cells and total proteins were extracted 48 h after transfection. The quantities of proteins and residual enzyme activities of the 7 mutants were assessed with the wild-type PAH gene as reference.

RESULTSRelative quantities of PAH proteins for R270G, P275A, F121L, A156P, E183G, I324N and R408Q were 10.5%, 56.6%, 54.3%, 8.7%, 8.5%, 67.3% and 85.4%, respectively. The residual enzyme activities were 7.7%, 27.6%, 19.0%, 10.4%, 9.1%, 50.6% and 40.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONPAH residual enzyme activities of 7 PAH mutants were all significantly reduced.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Genetic Association Studies ; methods ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation, Missense ; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment

[Objective] To investigate the knowledge and discrimination of AIDS among freshmen in a university of Hefei City, so as to provide evidence for AIDS education and improve discrimination status.[Methods] A total of 317 students from a university of Hefei City were randomly selected using cluster sampling method and a questionnaire survey was conducted on them about AIDS knowledge and discrimination. [Results]The awareness rate of AIDS/HIV knowledge was 67.2％ in students. The total scores of AIDS discrimination knowledge attitude, emotional attitude and AIDS discrimination attitude were higher in the students without knowledge of AIDS than those with knowledge of AIDS, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In the discrimination behavior tendency, the score of the students in the knowledge group was higher than that in the no knowledge group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] The awareness of AIDS/HIV knowledge among freshmen in a university of Hefei City is good, but discrimination is widespread, and the degree of AIDS related knowledge directly affects the discrimination degree of AIDS discrimination. In future, we should strengthen the AIDS knowledge system education and pay more attention to the anti-discrimination propaganda intervention, especially the comprehensive intervention against behavior tendency.

This study was aimed to quantitatively detect the levels of april mRNA expression in leukemia patients so as to provide theoretical basis for the target therapy directing at april in leukemia. Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression level of april mRNA in newly diagnosed leukemia patients and to analyze the changes of its expression level in various type of leukemia. The results showed that the april mRNA expression level in acute leukemia (AL) patients was significantly higher than that in normal controls, there was statistical difference between them (p < 0.05); april mRNA expression level in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients was significantly higher than that in normal controls (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with white blood cell count ≥ 20.0 × 10(9)/L (p < 0.05), but not related with extramedullary infiltration and the expression of CD34. Except for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), april mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with sensitivity of patients to chemotherapy. april mRNA expression levels in acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients were not higher than that in normal controls, there was no statistical difference between them (p > 0.05). It is concluded that april gene overexpression exits in AML patients. APRIL protein produced by AML cells probably plays an important role in abnormal proliferation and drug-resistance of AML cells.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 ; genetics ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to explore the expression level and correlation of MCL-1 and miR-29a in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) tissue. Maxvision immunohistochemistry technique and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression level of MCL-1 and miR-29a in tissue of 20 patients with ENKTCL and 10 patients with proliferative lymphadenitis, respectively. The results showed that the expression of MCL-1 protein were higher in patients with ENKTCL than that in patients with proliferative lymphadenitis, but there were no significant correlation between MCL-1 overexpression and age, sex, Ann Arbor stage and International Prognostic Index (IPI), respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that there was significant negative correlation between miR-29a expression and MCL-1 expression (r = -0.59, P = 0.016). It is concluded that miR-29a may target MCL-1 gene, regulate its expression, then participate in tumorigenesis and development of ENKTCL.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; genetics ; Young Adult

AIMTo study the effects of hypoxic preconditioning on anoxic tolerance and Jun expression in cultured rat hippocampal neurons after anoxia/reoxygenation.

METHODS12 day cultured hippocampal neurons in control and hypoxic preconditioning group were exposed to anoxic environment (0.90L/L N2 + 0.10 L/L CO2) for 4 h, and then reoxygenated for either 24 h or 72 h. The neurons were immunocytochemically stained using the antiserum against Jun. The number of survival neurons and the percentage of Jun expressing neurons were investigated.

RESULTSThe percentage of Jun expressing neurons induced by anoxia in hypoxic-preconditioning group was significantly less than that in control group. The number of survival neurons was more in the hypoxic-preconditioning group than that in control group after anoxic reoxygenation.

CONCLUSIONHypoxic-preconditioning can induce the development of anoxic-tolerance in cultured hippocampal neurons. The decrease in Jun expressing neurons in hippocampus may be an adaptive reaction to acute anoxia.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Genes, jun ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar