italic>Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. is a medicinal species belonging to the Orchidaceae, whose whole plant can be used as a medicinal herb, known as "JinXianLian". It has antidiabetic, liver-protecting, anti-inflammatory, etc. A. roxburghii has long been used as food and medicine in Guangdong and Fujian provinces. With the wide recognition of the concept of "medicine and food homology" and the surge of market demand, wild A. roxburghii has been far from meeting the supply. It is important to establish an artificial propagation system. Resource characteristics are the key basis for optimizing germplasm and propagation systems. Therefore, this paper summarizes the germplasm resource characteristics and propagation technologies of A. roxburghii in China to provide a reference for sustainable development and subsequent mechanistic research.

Using brain microdialysis and LC-MS/MS to detect acetylcholine in rat brain to investigate the effects of ligustrazine. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the determination of acetylcholine in rat brain dialysate sampling by microdialysis. The results indicated that ligustrazine administration by subcutaneous injection significantly increased Ach release in rat medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in a dose-related manner. The drug' s effect on Ach release in rat brain could be directly detected by microdialysis combined with HPLC-MS/MS and this method is selective and sensitive.
Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Nucleus Accumbens ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the effect of hydrogen on radiation-induced acute injury in rat brain.Methods Forty-five mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:saline therapy group,hydrogen therapy group and healthy control group.The whole brain of SD rat was irradiated with single dose of 20 Gy by 4 MeV electrons.Rats in therapy group were injected with hydrogen-rich saline after irradiation and were sacrificed at 1,3,7,14 d post-irradiation.The changes of malonaldehyde (MDA),superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and 8-hydroxydeoxygunosine (8-OHdG) in brain homogenate and the pathological changes in brain hippocampus were observed.Results The brain water content (t=3.78,3.18,P＜0.05) and the contents of 8-OHdG (t=2.33,2.71,2.33,P＜0.05) in the therapy group was lower than the control group at 7 d and 14 d post-irradiation.The contents of SOD were significantly higher(t =2.41-2.92,P ＜ 0.05) from 1 to 7 day,while the contents of MDA were significantly lower in therapy group than those in the control group from 1 to 14 day post-irradiation (t =4.01-6.20,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the damage degree in the nerve cells of hippocampus was less compared to the control group.Conclusions The hydrogen-rich saline could have protection role in irradiation-induced acute brain injury in rats.

Objective To study the effects of repeated hypoxic exposures (HEs) on glycolysis, mitochondrial oxi-dative phosphorylation and energy charge in mouse brain. Methods Adult BALB/c mice were repeatedly exposed to hypoxia for 5 times and the standard tolerant time and body temperature were recorded. The activities of PFK, PK and mitochondrial complex Ⅰ in the brain were assayed. Phosphoadenosines and energy charge were measured. Results Repeated HEs prolonged the hypoxic tolerance and reduced the body temperature. The activities of PFK and PK experienced regular changes, with an increase in 1st and 3rd HEs and a decline to control levels in 5th HE. The complex Ⅰ activity continued to decrease during HEs. The energy charge was stable. Conclusion HEs lead to a regular change of glycolysis, a continued inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and a main-tained energy charge in the brains of mouse.

Objective To investigate the differences of histopathological diagnosis between the endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens and the biopsy specimens,and to evaluate the value and the limitation of EMR in diagnosis of early esophageal cancers and its precursor lesions.Methods A retrospective analysis on 217 lesions with early esophageal cancers or the precursor lesions treated by EMR was performed.The differences between pathological diagnoses of biopsy and EMR were compared.Results Compared with pathologic diagnosis after EMR,the yield of biopsy consisted of 41.9％ (91/217) as under-diagnosed,15.7％ (34/217) as over-diagnosed,and 42.4％ (92/217) as consistent.EMR diagnosis also explicated the differentiation,the grade,the invasive depth and the lympho-vascular infiltration of the lesions.Conclusion The endoscopic biopsy diagnosis is limited for the pathological diagnosis of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions,while the EMR sample can provide objective diagnosis and provide the guideline for the further treatment.

Objective To study the cause,prevention and treatment of postpancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage.Method The clinical data of 422 patients who underwent PD in our hospital between January 2000 and January 2012 were retrospective analyzed.Results The incidence of postoperative hemorrhage was 8.1％ (34/422),and the mortality was 20.6％ (7/34).Early and delayed hemorrhage occurred in 19 and 15 patients,respectively.Intra-abdominal and gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in 20 and 14 patients,respectively.For the 19 patients who underwent reoperation,the mortality was 20.6％ (7/34).When compared with the delayed hemorrhage group,the mortality of the early hemorrhage group was significantly lower (P＜0.05).Conclusions Meticulous operation and reliable hemostasis during operation and prevention of pancreatic fistula,biliary fistula and peritoneal fluid collection after operation are the key points in reducing postoperative hemorrhage.A timely and decisive reoperation is important to manage postoperative hemorrhage.

Based on ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), a rapid and simultaneous quantitative method for the measurement of seven components (kinsenoside; rutin; kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside; quercimeritrin; narcissin; isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside; quercetin) of A. roxburghii was established. The separation was performed over 8.0 minutes on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm; 1.7 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid water solution (B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min^-1; the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 2 μL. Electrospray spray ionization source (ESI source) was used for mass spectrometry, and positive and negative ion modes were detected at the same time. The results showed good linearity (R² ≥ 0.998 0), with good precision, repeatability and stability, and the average recovery was 97.71%-103.33%. Through cluster heat map and redundancy analysis, we found that kinsenoside was mainly distributed in stems, followed by leaves, and the lowest content in roots. The content of kinsenoside increased significantly in the stems of plants 6 months, but less change was evident in the roots and leaves. Flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides were mainly distributed in leaves. The UHPLC-MS/MS method established in this paper can be used for the quality control of A. roxburghii and provides a reference for establishing a more comprehensive quality detection method for this medicinal.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on sperm DNA fragmentation and nucleoprotein transition.

METHODSBased on the recommended methods in the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (5th ed), we conducted routine semen analysis for 65 CP/CPPS patients and 30 healthy men. We also analyzed the results of papanicolaou staining, sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm nucleoprotein transition.

RESULTSCompared with the healthy control males, the CP/CPPS patients showed significant decreases in sperm concentration ([134.05 +/- 99.80] vs [94.75 +/- 92.07]) x 10(6)/ml, P <0.05), the percentage of morphologically normal sperm ([7.26 +/- 2.28] vs [5.61 +/- 3.40]%, P <0.05) and sperm progressive motility ([59.18 +/- 16.06] vs [47.68 +/- 17.62]%, P<0.05), but dramatic increases in sperm DNA fragmentation ([22.92 +/- 11.51] vs [43.58 +/- 17.07%, P<0.01) and sperm nucleoprotein transition ([23.26 +/- 5.97] vs [32.14 +/- 8.79]%, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONCP/CPPS significantly reduces sperm quality and male fertility.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Fragmentation ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleoproteins ; genetics ; Prostatitis ; genetics ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDImmunosuppression for immunologically high-risk kidney transplant patients usually involves antithymocyte globulin induction with triple drug maintenance therapy. Alemtuzumab, a humanized anti-CD52 antibody, was expected to be a promising induction therapy agent for kidney transplantation. However, currently no consensus is available about its efficacy and safety. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab as immune induction therapy in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients.

METHODSIn this prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, we enrolled 23 highly immunological risk patients (panel reactive antibody > 20%). They were divided into two groups: alemtuzumab group (trial group) and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) group (control group). Patients in the alemtuzumab group received intravenous alemtuzumab (15 mg) as a single dose before reperfusion. At the 24th hour post-operation, another dosage of alemtuzumab (15 mg) was given. The control group received a bolus of rabbit ATG (9 mg/kg), which was given 2 hours before kidney transplantation and lasted until the removal of vascular clamps when the anastomoses were completed. Maintenance immunosuppression in both groups comprised standard triple therapy consisting of tacrolimus, prednisone, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Acute rejection (AR) and infection episodes were recorded, and kidney function was monitored during a 2-year follow-up. χ(2) test, t test and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed with SPSS17.0 software.

RESULTSMedian follow-up was 338 days. In both the alemtuzumab group and ATG group, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values in surviving recipients were similar (P > 0.05). White blood cell counts were significantly reduced in the alemtuzumab group for the most time points up to 6 months (P < 0.05). One patient receiving alemtuzumab died for acute myocardial infarction at the 65th day post-operation. Two ATG patients died for severe pulmonary infection or cardiac and pulmonary failure. Cumulative 2-year graft survival rate was 90.9% in the alemtuzumab group and 81.8% in ATG group (P > 0.05) respectively. There was one graft failure in the alemtuzumab group and two graft failures in ATG group, with all graft failures at tributed to rejection episodes. The alemtuzumab group had a 2-year cumulative freedom from rejection rate of 81.8%, compared with 72.7% for the ATG group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlemtuzumab induction therapy for highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients is an effective and safe protocol yielding an acceptable acute rejection rate.

Adult ; Aged ; Alemtuzumab ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antibodies, Neoplasm ; therapeutic use ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Transplantation ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the predictive value of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1),ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1), and β-tubulin 3 expressions in postoperative patients with stage 1- 3 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODSAll NSCLC patients received surgery therapy followed by at least one cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy in our hospital from January 2004 to December 2007. The expressions of ERCC1, RRM1, and β-tubulin 3 were detected by immunohistochemical methods. The relationships among clinicopathologic characteristics, chemotherapy regimens,biomarkers' expressions and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed.

RESULTSThe high-expression rates of ERCC1, RRM1, and β-tubulin 3 were 36.4%,43.7%,and 38.4%,respectively. The expressions of these three biomarkers were not correlated. After a median follow-up of 35.8 months, 80 patients experienced metastatic or recurrent tumors and 40 patients died. The median overall survival was not reached and the median DFS was 24.1 months. Univariate survival analysis showed that sex, clinical stage,and adenocarcinoma or not were related to DFS, while age, smoke history, chemotherapy regimens, and expression levels of ERCC1, RRM1, and β-tubulin 3 has no prognostic significance in these surgically resected NSCLC patients who were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Male (P=0.036), earlier clinical stage (P=0.001), and non-adenocarcinoma (P=0.004) predicted better DFS. Stratified analysis indicated that in RRM1 high-expression strata,the regimens with gemcitabine had curtailed DFS compared with other regimens (P=0.054); in β-tubulin 3 high-expression strata,the regimens containing taxane (including paclitaxel and docetaxel subgroups) had curtailed DFS compared with other regimens (P=0.076), although there was no statistical significance. However,there were no similar predictive significance in RRM1 and β-tubulin 3 low-expression strata or in ERCC1 strata with different expression levels. COX proportional regression analysis showed that adenocarcinoma or not and clinical stage were independent risk factors of DFS in this population.

CONCLUSIONSIn postoperative NSCLC patients who are receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, patients with high expression of RRM1 tends to be resistant to gemcitabine and patients with high expression of β-tubulin 3 tends to be resistant to taxane drugs. ERCC1, RRM1, and β-tubulin 3 detected by immunohistochemistry can be biomarkers to help to choose better chemotherapy regimen and predict the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Endonucleases ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tubulin ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism