A novel silica monolithic stationary phase functionalized with butylaminopropyl ligands for capillary electrochromatography(CEC) has been presented. The monolithic capillary columns were prepared by a sol-gel) process and subsequent a chemical modification. The amino groups on the surface of the stationary phase are meant to generate a substantial anodic electroosmotic flow (EOF). The butyl and propyl groups provide) hydrophobic properties. To evaluate the column performance, effects of buffer pH and organic modifier content on the EOF and electrochromatographic retention behavior of alkylbenzenes, organic acids and anilines were investigated. The monolithic stationary phase exhibited reversed phase (RP) chromatographic behavior toward neutral solutes. The model organic acid anion solutes were separated by the mixed mode mechanism, which comprised RP interaction, weak anion-exchange, and electrophoresis. Basic compounds such as anilines) were well separated on the butylaminopropyl silica monolithic column without peak tailing.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a balance disorder between bone formation of osteoblasts and bone resorption of osteoclasts during bone remodeling. Strict control of bone remodeling at the cellular level is important to maintain bone homeostasis and avoid osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that 1.25×10-2 g/L mogroside V can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and its mechanism may be related to LncRNA TUG1. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of LncRNA TUG1 in the promotion of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by mogroside V. METHODS: Osteoblasts from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted by two-step enzymatic digestion. The cells were divided into two groups and treated with 0 and 1.25×10-2 g/L Mogroside V. The LncRNA was detected after 2 days of culture. LncRNA TUG1 silencing virus was designed and synthetized. The newly extracted osteoblasts were divided into normal cell control group, mogroside V intervention group, mogroside V+negative virus group, TUG1 silent group, and mogroside V+TUG1 silent group. The proliferation of osteoblasts was observed by FDA fluorescence staining at 2, 4, and 6 days after processing according to the above grouping conditions. After 6 days of treatment on osteoblasts, the effect of TUG1 on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation was studied by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining and qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: LncRNA detection showed that 1.25×10-2 g/L Mogroside V significantly promoted the expression of LncRNA TUG1 in osteoblasts. FDA fluorescent staining showed that silencing of TUG1 inhibited the positive effect of mogroside V on osteoblast proliferation. After 6 days of treatment, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that silencing of TUG1 inhibited the positive effect of mogroside V on mineralization of osteoblasts. The results of qRT-PCR showed that Runx2, BSP, OCN and COL1A1 genes were highly expressed in the mogroside V intervention group, but their expression was inhibited in the mogroside V+TUG1 silent group. Overall findings indicate that mogroside V stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by promoting the expression of LncRNA TUG1.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different graft ratios of PEG on the toxicity in vitro and cellular uptake of PAMAM G5 dendrimers. METHODS: Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to confirm the structure of PEG-PAMAM G5 dendrimers with four different graft ratios. The particle size and Zeta potential of the nanoparticles were determined by nanoparticle size-Zeta potential analyzer. The toxicity in vitro,cellular uptake, and intracellular localization were tested by hemolysis assay,cytotoxicity assay,cellular uptake test,and laser scanning confocal microscope images,respectively. RESULTS: The particle sizes of dendrimers with PEG graft ratios of 7.8%,14.1%, 20.3%,and 24.2% were (17.05 ± 1.77), (20.77 ± 1.02),(21.68 ± 1.04),and (23.19 ± 0.54) nm,respectively. The Zeta potential decreased from (25.57 ± 1.37) mV of PAMAM G5 to (9.27 ± 0.40) mV of PEG31-PAMAM G5. In addition, the hemolytic toxicity and cytotoxicity of PAMAM G5 dendrimers also markedly decreased especially at high concentrations because of PEG modification. Moreover, the PEG-PAMAM G5 dendrimers with particle diameter of nearly 20 nm not only could be taken in by HBMEC cells, but also accumulated in the cell nucleus. CONCLUSION: Modification of PEG can greatly reduce the toxicity of PAMAM G5 dendrimers in vitro, and the higher the degree of modification, the more obvious is the attenuated effect. The PEG-PAMAM G5 dendrimers with particle diameter larger than 20 nm still can be taken in by HBMEC cells and accumulate in the cell nucleus, which provide a foundation for the further research using modified PEG-PAMAM G5 as a basic carrier for genes and nuclear targeting agents in nano medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of postmortem multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in cases of fall from height through observing and analyzing the injury features of the fall and reconstructing the process of the fall based on the the above procedure. METHODS: One real fatal case due to fall from height was fully examined using MSCT and three-dimensional reconstruction technique. Analyzing the manner and cause of death through combination of MSCT and systemic autopsy was also implemented. The differences between autopsy and MSCT in getting information of injuries were compared. RESULTS: Fractures involving multiple body regions and liver rupture were found through MSCT and three-dimensional reconstruction. The autopsy got the same results with imageological examination. The case of death was deduced to be fall leading to systemic polytrauma. CONCLUSION Application of MSCT can be used as the complimentary for traditional autopsy in the analysis of injury manner of fall from height.
Autopsy ; Death ; Forensic Pathology ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Multiple Trauma ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture scalp point-through-point therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

METHODSThirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham-operation group, a model group and a point-through-point therapy group. 6-()HDA was injected into left striatum to made lateralization Parkinson's disease rat model. The point-through-point therapy group was treated with electroacupuncture at "Baihui" (GV 20 )-through-"Taiyang" (EX-NH 5), once each day, 6 days constituting one course, for 2 courses, and the rats of other groups were not treated. HE staining method was used for observation of the histo-morphologic changes of the substantia nigra neurons, and RT-PCR for the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) mRNAs.

RESULTSThe expressions of TH mRNA (1.22 +/- 0. 19) and DAT mRNA (0.62-0.11) in the point-through-point therapy group were significantly higher than (0.65 +/- 0.17) and (0.41 +/- 0.08) in the model group, respectively (all P < 0.05). As compared with the model group, the number of neurons in the substantia nigra increased and degeneration of the neurons relieved in the point-through-point therapy group.

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture scalp point-through-point therapy can increase expressions of TH mRNA and DAT mRNA in the substantia nigra in the Parkinson's disease model rat, and promote synthesis and reuptake of dopamine, hence Parkinson's disease is cured.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Substantia Nigra ; metabolism ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; genetics ; metabolism

Emodin is an effective active ingredient extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, which has the function of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting platelet aggregation, improving microcirculation, protecting various organs and tissues as well as a wide range of anti-tumor effect. Primary biliary gallbladder is a common malignant tumor resection rate and lack of effective adjuvant treatment. It has been confirmed that emodin has broad spectrum antitumor effect, whereas, whether it has curative effect in the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma there is no reliable clinical trials confirmed that its resistance to gallbladder carcinoma function needs further experimental research. In this review, we report the research progress of emodin anti-gallbladder carcinoma.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Emodin ; therapeutic use ; Gallbladder ; drug effects ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences between computer aided identification and ultra-thin layer slicing in measuring the lesions of femoral head necrosis,and to confirm the accuracy and practicability of computer aided method.

METHODSFrom June 2012 to December 2013, the X-ray and MRI of 24 patients (24 hips on unilateral) were reviewed, who had avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFA) at late stage (stage III and IV) according to the ARCO international staging system. There were 15 males and 9 females, with an average age of (65.1 ± 8.8) years old, ranged 33 to 74 years old. Based on the software system with seeds point identification, the ragional adaptive search method with computer aid was used to calculate the volume of necrotic lesion in femoral on MRI. Then the pathological slices of those intraoperative femoral heads were made to measure the gross volume of necrotic lesion in femoral head,and the values were compared with the data in the computer.

RESULTSFor 24 hips, by the calculation of computer, the necrotic volume was (20.00 ± 3.04) cm (ranged, 18.72 to 21.29 cm³). Under the pathological section, the necrotic volume of the femoral head was (19.89 ± 3.17) cm³ (ranged, 18.55 to 21.23 cm³). In computer and pathology two kinds of measurement, the two entire femoral head volume had no significant difference using these two measurements (t = -1.227, P = 0.232).

CONCLUSIONComputer aided identification for necrotic area of femoral head adaptive can demonstrate the morphology of femoral head necrosis accurately and reliably, which will help surgeon better understand the morphology and orientation in femoral head.

Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo seek for a good therapy for childhood hyperkinetic syndrome (CHS).

METHODSTwo hundred and ten patients of CHS were randomly divided into three groups, the Yizhi mixture (YZM) group, the Ritalin group and the combined treated group, 70 in each group. They were treated with YZM alone, Ritalin alone and combined YZM and Ritalin respectively for 12 weeks. The effect was assessed by Conners' questionnaire for hyperkinetic scoring, Achenbach's questionnaire for behavior estimation, clinical general image questionnaire and Tess's questionnaire before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the YZM group, Ritalin group and combined treated group was 75.7%, 74.2% and 82.8% respectively, and the markedly effective rate in the three groups was 44.3%, 45.7% and 80.0% respectively. By chi 2 test, comparison among the three groups showed that the difference of the total effective rate was insignificant, while that of the markedly effective rate was significant (chi 2 = 23.31, P < 0.01). Further analysis conducted by partitioning method to make comparison between each two groups showed that the markedly effective rate was significantly higher in the combined treated group than that in the YZM group (chi 2 = 18.98, P < 0.01) and in the Ritalin group (chi 2 = 17.62, P < 0.01). The low hyperkinetic score, behavior score, achievement of Chinese and mathematics in the CHS patients were improved after treatment, the improvements were significantly higher in the combined treated group than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05, by q-test). Moreover, the soft nerve signs and abnormal encephalogram were significantly improved in the combined treated and the YZM groups, and the side-effect occurred in the two groups was less than that in the Ritalin group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of combined treatment of YZM and Ritalin was better than that of YZM or Ritalin alone.

Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; drug therapy ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methylphenidate ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy

This study aimed to investigate viral infections and the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shijiazhuang, China, in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and control of respiratory tract infections. Throat swab specimens were collected from 483 cases of ILI who were outpatients in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shijiazhuang between January and December 2011. All specimens were examined by multiplex RT-PCR for the following 15 respiratory tract viruses: adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV types 1-4), influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), human enterovirus (HEV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A and -B), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV-229E/NL63 and -OC43/HKU1), and human bocavirus (HBoV). Among the 483 cases of ILI, 214 (44.31%) were positive for viruses, including ADV (8.7%), HEV (8.7%), RSV-A (8.07%), HRV (7.45%), FluA (5.38%), HCoV-OC43/ HKU1 (2.9%), PIV-3 (2.9%), HMPV (1.86%), PIV-1 (1.24%), HCoV-229E/NL63 (1.04%), PIV-2 (1.04%), HBoV (0.83%), and FluB (0.41%). Twenty-six (5.38%) of all cases were co-infected with two or more viruses, most commonly HEV/HRV with other viruses. Cases of viral infection were detected throughout the year, with peaks in January and February. ADV and HRV were detected throughout almost the whole year without obvious seasonality. HEV was detected between April and November, with a peak of prevalence in summer and autumn. FluA and FluB reached epidemic levels mainly in winter and spring. All cases of RSV were identified to be subtype A. PIV infection was mainly caused by PIV-3. The positive rate of HCoV-OC43/HKU1 infection was significantly higher than that of HCoV-229E/NL63. The leading five viruses that resulted in ILI Shijiazhuang in 2011 were HEV, ADV, RSV-A, HRV, and FluA, and these viruses have different epidemiological features.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effects of sulodexide on renal NF-κB activation and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) expression in diabetic rats and elucidate the possible mechanism of sulodexide in preventing diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Wistar rats were fed with high-sucrose-high-fat diet and injected with a low dose of STZ (streptozotocin,35 mg/kg) into abdominal cavity to induce diabetes.DM rats were randomly divided into non-treated group of treatment,blood glucose (BG),triglyceride (TG),cholesterol,serum creatinine (Scr),urea nitrogen (BUN),24 h urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were measured.HE staining was performed in renal tissues for light microscopy examination of mean glomerular volume (MGV).MCP-1 expression was detected by immunohistochemical method.NF-κB activation was determined by Western blot. Results Compared with NC group,DM group and DMS group had significant elevated BG,TG and TC levels (all P＜0.01).There were no significant differences of BG,TG or TC levels between DM group and DMS group.Compared with NC group,DM group and DMS group had significant increased Scr,BUN,UAE levels (all P＜0.01).Scr,BUN,UAE levels were significantly lower in DMS group than those in DM group [(39.1±0.88) μmol/L vs (41.0±2.16) μmol/L,(9.12±1.06) mmol/L vs (9.87±0.19) mmol/L； (19.92±0.96) mg/24 h vs (25.99±0.52)mg/24 h,all P＜0.05].Compared with NC group,the MGV of DM group was significantly increased [(7.47±1.11)×105 μm3 vs (4.22±1.09)×105 μm3,P＜0.01].Compared with DM group,the MGA of DMS group was significantly reduced [(6.64±0.71)×105 μm3 vs (7.47±1.11)×105 μm3,P＜0.05],but was still increased compared with that of NC group (P＜0.01).Compared with NC group,the MCP-1 expression of DM group was significantly higher [(12.17±1.94)/HPF vs (1.19±0.70)/HPF,P＜0.01].MCP-1 expression in DSM group was significantly lower than that of DM group [(9.22± 1.61)/HPF vs (12.17±1.94)/HPF,P＜0.01],but still higher than that of control group (P＜0.01).Compared with NC group,the NF-κB activity was significantly higher in DM group [(0.89±0.07) vs (0.24±0.03),P＜0.01].Compared with DM group,NF-κB activity of DMS group was significantly lower [(0.27±0.01) vs (0.89±0.07),P＜0.01].There was no significant difference of NF-κB activity between DMS group and NC group. Conclusion Sulodexide has protective effects on diabetic nephropathy,and one of the mechanisms may involve the inhibition of NF-κB activation as well as the suppression of MCP-I expression.