Objective To observe the effects of Tangnaikang on interleukin 6 (IL-6) and minor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels of Diabetic KKAy mice. Methods After diabetic KKAy mice were treated with Tangnaikang for 8 weeks,FBG was determined by glucose test-paper, IL-6 and TNF-αconcentratious in serum and adipocytes were determined by ELISA. Results IL-6 and TNF-α levels were reduced in serum and adipocytes of KKAy mice. Conclusion Tangnaikang can significantly reduce the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in Diabetic KKAy mice, and the reduction of them can help to decrease FBG level.

Objective To explore the effect and the possible mechanisms of silent homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2(EEF1A2)gene on the growth of pancreatic cancer cell in vivo.Methods The pancreatic cancer xenograft models in mice were established.The mice were equally divided into control group,negative control group and EEF1A2 group,which were injected with PBS,negative control siRNA and EEF1A2 siRNA into xenograft tumors respectively.The size and weight of tumors in each group were measured.The expression of EEF1A2 and PCNA in tumor tissue of each group was detected by immunohistochemistry.The cell apoptosis rate in tumor tissue of each group was determined by TUNEL.Results In xenograft nude mice models,since the 17th day of injection,the growth of tumor size in EEF1A2 group was obviously slower than that of negative control group and control group(all P＜0.05).By the end of the treatment,the tumors were cut off and weighted.The weight of tumors in EEF1A2 group(0.27g± 0.06g)were significantly lower than those of control group and negative control group(0.39g± 0.08g and 0.43g± 0.07g,P＜0.05).EEF1A2 mostly expressed in cytoplasm of pancreatic cancer cell.In negative control group and control group,the positive cells distributed densely and the positive rate was(72.58 ± 25.47)％ and (76.75±23.19)％ respectively.The distribution of positive cells in EEF1A2 group was scattered and the positive rate was(34.78±21.36)％,the difference was statisically significant(P＜0.01).The expression of PCNA at protein level in EEF1A2 group was significantly lower those that of control group and negative control group(P＜ 0.01).The result of TUNEL test indicated that the cell apoptosis rate in EEF1A2 group was higher than those of control group and negative control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions The EEF1A2 gene can be effectively silented in vivo,which significantly inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cell.It may be related with inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion cell apoptosis.

Objective To estimate the concentrations of trace element contents in plasma and serum of cases with major depression.Methods The search for all the related literatures in CBMDisc,CNKI,VIP,ScienceDirect,Medline and so on has been made.Selection criteria:examination of plasma and serum trace elements in patients with major depression and control group.Data collection and analysis:a quantitative meta-analysis was carried out by two reviewers using information based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from all papers available.Results 24 studies met inclusion criteria,all with scores of 4 or more.Zn concentration in plasma and serum of patients with major depression significantly decreased compared with that in healthy people by 2.35 mol/L,95％ CI (-2.94,-1.75) (P＜0.01).The concentration of Cu and Fe had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion There were abnormal trace elements in the patients with major depression,Zn decreased,Cu and Fe mainly appeared as an unbalanced state.It is necessary to carry out more extensive research and in-depth exploration.

Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a kind of mental disorder with depression and decreased interest as the main clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of MDD is unclear, and MDD is characterized by high incidence, high recurrence rate and high suicide rate. At present, the hypothesis of monomamine mechanism can not fully clarify its pathological characteristics, and a considerable number of patients with depression do not respond well to existing antidepressants. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist and γ-aminobutyric acid A(GABAA) receptor positive allosteric regulator have a potential rapid antidepressant effect, which may be a breakthrough in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of depression. NMDAR has bidirectional regulation, when proper activation of NMDAR can promote dendrite development, neuronal growth and long-term potentiation, but overstimulation of NMDAR can cause toxic reaction, leading to synaptic atrophy and neuronal death. In addition, inflammation can induce changes in NMDAR function and lead to depressive symptoms. At present, ketamine, a new antidepressant NMDAR antagonist, may plays a role in rapid antidepressant and delayed recurrence of depression by increasing the release of BDNF, activating the signal pathway of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1), and promoting protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity. Thus, ketamine has the effect of rapid antidepressant and delaying the recurrence of depression. However, due to the large variability of NMDAR gene in patients with MDD, its potential functional polymorphism affects clinical symptoms and drug sensitivity. Therefore, by analyzing the latest research at home and abroad, this review comprehensively summarizes the pathogenesis of NMDAR dysfunction, the pathogenesis of MDD, antidepressant treatment and clinical application status, in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical accurate treatment of MDD patients in the future.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders.It is characterized by emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms which can also cause severe disability and disease burden. The current study found that patients with MDD have cognitive impairment in both acute and remission phases, which seriously affect the prognosis of patients. The impairment of visual cognitive function greatly affects the social function of MDD patients and the current researches showed that visual cognitive impairment of MDD patients is closely related to the functional connection in the brain, which can be reflected by different degrees of neuroimaging changes in the frontal, occipital, temporal, and parietal regions.The change of visual cognitive function in patients with MDD is mainly influenced by the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe, which may be related to the large number of visual cortex in the anatomy of the two brain regions. The activation of the frontal lobe may be positively related to the patient's visual cognitive impairment; the reduction of the occipital lobe activity may have an impact on the visual process and may be the starting factor for cognitive impairment. The active enhancement of the parietal region plays an important role in the visual short-term memory. In addition, the temporo-parietal junction is also found to be involved in the processing of visual and working memory, and the activation of temporal lobe and parietal lobe can be observed.This review summarizes recent researches at home and abroad and reveals the visual perception of MDD patients in different ways in each different brain regions.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. It is characterized by emotional,cognitive,and physical symptoms which can also cause severe disability and dis-ease burden. The current study found that patients with MDD have cognitive impairment in both acute and remission phases,which seriously affect the prognosis of patients. The impairment of visual cognitive function greatly affects the social function of MDD patients and the current researches showed that visual cognitive im-pairment of MDD patients is closely related to the functional connection in the brain,which can be reflected by different degrees of neuroimaging changes in the frontal, occipital, temporal, and parietal regions. The change of visual cognitive function in patients with MDD is mainly influenced by the frontal lobe and the oc-cipital lobe,which may be related to the large number of visual cortex in the anatomy of the two brain re-gions. The activation of the frontal lobe may be positively related to the patient's visual cognitive impairment;the reduction of the occipital lobe activity may have an impact on the visual process and may be the starting factor for cognitive impairment. The active enhancement of the parietal region plays an important role in the visual short-term memory. In addition,the temporo-parietal junction is also found to be involved in the pro-cessing of visual and working memory,and the activation of temporal lobe and parietal lobe can be observed. This review summarizes recent researches at home and abroad and reveals the visual perception of MDD pa-tients in different ways in each different brain regions.

Objective:To investigate the differences in personality characteristics and cognitive functions in depression patients with and without obsessive-compulsive.Methods:From October 2020 to October 2021, 31 patients diagnosed as major depressive disorder(MDD) with obsessive-compulsive symptoms(OCS), totally 29 patients diagnosed as MDD without OCS, and 30 healthy controls(HC group) were recruited.The personality characteristics of all subjects were assessed with Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ), personality diagnostic questionnaire-4(PDQ-4) and Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory(MMPI), while cognitive functions were assessed with measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia(MATRICS)consensus cognitive battery(MCCB). SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing, and univariate analysis of variance and simple effect analysis were used to compare the differences in personality characteristics and cognitive functions among the three groups of subjects.Results:The comparison of EPQ scores showed that the psychoticism scores of the group with and without OCS((50.32±10.08), (49.83±11.69)) were significantly lower than that of the HC group(59.47±10.41)( P=0.004, 0.003), while the neuroticism scores((61.94±12.36), (63.10±10.56)) were significantly higher than that of the HC group(46.13±8.33)(both P<0.05). The comparison of PDQ-4 scores showed that the schizoid score of the group with OCS(5.00(2.00, 7.00)) was significantly higher than that of the group without OCS(3.00(1.00, 5.00))( P=0.024). The comparison of MMPI scores showed that except for the two dimensions of masculinity-femininity and hypomania, the scores of the other eight dimensions in the group with and without OCS were significantly higher than those in the HC group(all P<0.01). The comparison of MCCB scores showed that the attention/alertness and visual learning scores of the group with OCS were significantly lower than those of the HC group( P=0.042, 0.004), meanwhile there was no difference of the all dimension scores of MCCB between the MDD patients with and without OCS. Conclusion:There are differences in personality and cognitive function between MDD patients with and without OCS and healthy controls.There is no difference in score of schizotypal personality traits between MDD patients with OCS and MDD patients without OCS, however the related cognitive function of MDD patients without OCS is not significantly different from that of MDD patients with OCS.It is suggested that MDD patients with OCS may have more deviated personality characteristics than those without OCS.Further research is needed to investigated the differences in cognitive impairment.

MiRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs,which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by partial complementary base pairing.Aberrant miRNA expressions have been reported in tumor tissues and peripheral blood of cancer patients.In recent years,artificial intelligence algorithms such as machine learning and deep learning have been widely used in bioinformatic research.Compared to traditional bioinformatic tools,miRNA target prediction tools based on artificial intelligence algorithms have higher accuracy,and can successfully predict subcellular localization and redistribution of miRNAs to deepen our understanding.Additionally,the construction of clinical models based on artificial intelligence algorithms could significantly improve the mining efficiency of miRNA used as biomarkers.In this article,we summarize recent development of bioinformatic miRNA tools based on artificial intelligence algorithms,focusing on the potential of machine learning and deep learning in cancer-related miRNA research.

Social anxiety disorder has a significant negative impact on individuals'social interaction and normal life,and childhood trauma plays an important role in the occurrence and development of SAD.Childhood trauma affects the development of self-awareness,impairs the ability of information processing,hinders the normal development of prefrontal cortex-limbic system loop and default mode network,and causes abnormal secretion of glucocorticoid and oxytocin,which leads to individuals'inability to correctly understand social clues and reasonably regulate emotions,and thus unable to produce adaptive emotional and behavioral responses in social situations,which may lead to SAD.In conclusion,childhood trauma has a lasting adverse effect on social function from both psychological and physiological aspects.

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) is often misdiagnosed as unipolar depression (UD), leading to mistreatment and poor clinical outcomes. However, little is known about the similarities and differences in subcorticalgray matter regions between BD and UD. METHODS: Thirty-five BD patients, 30 UD patients and 40 healthy controls underwent diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) and three dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D ASL). The parameters including mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (Ka), radial kurtosis (Kr), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (Da), radial diffusivity (Dr) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured by using regions-of-interest analysis in the caudate, putamen and thalamus of the subcortical gray matter regions. RESULTS: UD exhibited differences from controls for DKI measures and CBF in the left putamen and caudate. BD showed differences from controls for DKI measures in the left caudate. Additionally, BD showed lower Ka in right putamen, higher MD in right caudate compared with UD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the Kr of left caudate had the highest predictive power for distinguishing UD from controls. CONCLUSION: The two disorders may have overlaps in microstructural abnormality in basal ganglia. The change of caudate may serve as a potential biomarker for UD.
Anisotropy ; Basal Ganglia* ; Bipolar Disorder ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Depressive Disorder ; Diffusion* ; Gray Matter ; Humans ; Perfusion Imaging* ; Perfusion* ; Putamen ; ROC Curve ; Thalamus*