Objective To analyze inducing factors of acute left heart failure(AHF) of emergency case.Methods According to different age and gender,the inducing factors of AHF of 211 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Infection(42.99%) was the most important inducing factors of AHF in all the four age-groups,but as for patients elder 80,the arrhythmias was also play an important part in inducing factors of AHF.The difference of inducing factors was found among the four age-groups.but the difference of inducing factors was not found between the two gender-groups. Conclusion Since the most important inducing factors of AHF of emergency case was infection,anti-infectives is important for preventing and controlling AHF.

The out-patient and emergency department is the window of a hospital open to the society,also is the most direct social image of the hospital.So,we must insist on the moral principle of the "ten needs" in the work of the out-patient and emergency department in order to establish a healthy and harmonious physician-patient relationship.The "Ten needs" includes a proper attitude,a sincere communication,a quick response,a correct diagnosis,a flexible treatment,a reasonable prescription,a steady action to the emergency,a well nursing,complex skills and a standard management.

Objective To observe and analyze the influence of the improved ultra-low temperature storage box on the quality of fresh frozen plasma(FFP).Methods A total of 80 qualified whole blood samples(400 mL,O type not includ-ed)collected from July to November in 2023 were selected,and were divided into 4 groups,with 20 samples in each group.Group A:quick-frozen in a traditional low temperature box for 1 hour and then stored in a-30℃cold storage;Group B:quick-frozen in the flat freezer for 1 hour and then stored in a-30℃cold storage;Group C:quick-frozen in a newly im-proved ultra-low temperature storage box for 1 hour and stored in a-30℃cold storage;Group D:quick-frozen in a new im-proved ultra-low temperature storage box for 12 hours and stored in a-30℃cold storage.The contents of FⅧand fibrinogen(Fg)in four groups were detected.Results The contents of FⅧin group B,C and D were significantly higher than those in group A,with statistical difference(P＜0.05),but with no statistical difference among gourp B,C and D(P＞0.05),and no statistical difference in the contents of Fg was found among the four groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The improved ultra-low temperature storage box is superior to the traditional low temperature box in preparing FFP,and there is no obvious difference between the improved ultra-low temperature storage box and the flat-plate quick freezer.However,the improved ultra-low temperature storage box can make the process of preparing FFP more flexible and improve the efficiency of compo-nent preparation.

【Objective】 To study the concentration, content and yield of coagulation factor Ⅷ(FⅧ) and fibrinogen(Fg) in 25 mL and 45 mL cryoprecipitate. 【Methods】 Forty aliquots(200 mL fresh whole blood) were divided into group A and group B, with 20 samples in each group. Fresh frozen plasma(FFP) was prepared within 6 hours(anticoagulant ACD) according to the standard operating procedure for component preparation. After one week, the prepared FFP was prepared into(25±5) mL and(45±5) mL cold precipitates by siphon method. After freezing for one week, the concentrations of FⅧ and Fg were detected after meltingin by water bath at 37℃, and the content and yield were calculated. 【Results】 The FⅧ concentration, content and yield in group A and group B were(2.990±0.988) vs(2.744±0.940) IU/mL, (74.75±24.71) vs(113.75±30.06)IU, and(70.1±16.6) vs(85.0±7.6)%, respectively.The Fg concentration, content and yield was(6.013±1.679) vs(5.844±0.683) g/L, (150.33±41.99) vs(252.23±26.90)mg, and(41.7±8.6) vs (49.1±9.6)%, respectively. Statistical analysis suggested that the content and yield of FⅧ and Fg were statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05), but the concentration of FⅧ and Fg was not statistically different(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 FⅧ and Fg of low-volume cryoprecipitate presented lower content and yield, but slightly higher concentration. Both products can meet the quality requirements of whole blood and blood component. Therefore, reducing product capacity appropriately is suggested when preparing cryoprecipitate with 200mL whole blood

Objective: To clarify the research status of economic burden of stomach cancer in China from 1996 to 2015. Methods: Based on three electronic literature databases (China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang Database and PubMed), a total of 2 873, 1 244 and 84 articles published during 1996 to 2015 were found, respectively, using keywords of"cancer","neoplasms","malignant tumor","tumor","economic burden","health expenditure","cost","cost of illness", and"China". According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 literatures were included in the final analysis. Then the basic information and study subjects, indicators and main results of economic burden were abstracted and analyzed. All the expenditure data were discounted to the values in 2013 by using China's percapita consumer price index. Results: Totally, 30 articles were included, covering 14 provinces and of which 16 were published during 2011-2015. One article was based on population-level and the remaining studies were all based on individual-level. The number of individual-level articles that reported direct medical, non-medical and indirectly economic burden was 29, 1 and 2, respectively. The main indicators of direct medical expenditure were expenditure per patient (22), per clinical visit (9) and per diem (11), respectively. The median expenditure per patient was 7 387-28 743 RMB (CNY), with average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 1.7% (1996-2013). The median expenditure per clinical visit was 18 504-41 871 RMB (2003-2013), with AAGR of 5.5%. The median expenditure per diem was 313-1 445 RMB (1996-2012), with AAGR of 3.7%. Difference was found among provinces. Conclusions The evidence for economic burden of stomach cancer was still limited over the past two decades and mainly focused on individual and regional levels. An increase and differences in provinces were observed in direct medical expenditure. Evaluation on direct non-medical and indirect medical expenditure needs to be addressed.

Objective: To acknowledge the availability and rates of annual transition of outcomes during the progression and regression stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and related diseases, by pooling global follow-up studies on the natural history of CRC. Methods: Till March, 2017, data was collected through systematic literature review over multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) disc. Information regarding the characteristics, classification system of health states, related outcomes and incidence rates on CRC or high-risk adenoma for the surveillance cohorts of the studies, were extracted and summarized. Both Meta and sensitivity analyses were performed on those outcomes if they appeared in more than 3 studies, using the random effects model. Annual transition rate with 95%CI was used to estimate each of the outcomes, Quality of the studies was assessed, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 29 cohort studies were included, with the mean follow-up period as 5.7 years. All studies except one, focused on adenoma-carcinoma pathway and reported the outcome parameters of adenomas by different risk, and some reported the findings on different sizes (n=6) of adenomas. These cohorts were divided into three groups (normal status, with low-risk or high-risk adenoma) according to the status of baseline endoscopic pathologic findings. Their available outcome parameters, corresponding number of involved articles, aggregated sample size and pooled annual transition rates were presented. Six parameters were obtained in the normal cohorts, including those from normal to low-risk adenoma (16 articles, 58 235, 0.030: 0.024-0.037), to high-risk adenoma (17 articles, 62 089, 0.003: 0.002-0.004), to diminutive adenoma (<5 mm, 4 articles, 1 277, 0.021: 0.013-0.029), to small adenoma (6-9 mm, 4 articles, 1 277, 0.006: 0.001-0.010), to large adenoma (≥10 mm, 7 articles, 3 531, 0.002: 0.000-0.003) and to CRC (19 articles, 104 836, 0.000 3: 0.000 2-0.000 5). Three parameters were obtained in low-risk adenoma in cohorts with polypectomy findings, including recurrence (9 articles, 4 788, 0.109: 0.062-0.157) from low-risk adenoma after polypectomy to high-risk adenoma (10 articles, 5 736, 0.009: 0.004-0.013) and to CRC (12 articles, 11 347, 0.000 6: 0.000 4-0.000 8). Three parameters were obtained on high-risk adenoma from cohorts with polypectomy findings, including recurrence (12 articles, 7 030, 0.038: 0.028-0.048) from high-risk adenoma after polypectomy to low-risk adenoma (8 articles, 2 489, 0.133: 0.081-0.185) and CRC (14 articles, 14 899, 0.002: 0.001-0.003). Except for normal to low-risk adenomas, results from the sensitivity analysis for the other parameters showed stable. Of the included studies, two presented incidence rates of CRC in different clinical stages and the another two were focusing on the parameters related to serrated pathway. Conclusions Globally, follow-up studies reported data on natural history of colorectal cancer is of paucity. Compared to the "adenoma-carcinoma" pathway, transition parameters of the serrated lesion pathway are more limited. This Meta-analysis provided convincing evidence for optimizing the strategies regarding follow-up program on the disease, using the baseline endoscopic findings from global CRC Screening Program. These results also offered strong data-related support for Chinese population- specific interventional model on colorectal cancer.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.