This paper reviewed the analysis of glucocorticoid、diuretics and other drugs by LC/MS which are difficult to analyse and detect by GC/MSD.

OBJECTIVE: To disscuss the general patterns and characteristics of drug - induced arthralgia. METHODS: The literature of 192 cases with drug- induced arthralgia reported in domestic medicinal journals published from Jan. 1994 to Jun. 2005 were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The onset of arthrositis occurred in the process of intravenous drip infusion, or a few months, even a few years after the medication. The drugs that induced arthrositis were chiefly antimicrobial drugs, circulation system drugs and digestive system drugs, of which, 110 cases (57.29%) involved the use of pyrazinamide. CONCLUSION: To ensure medication safety, attention should be given to the drug-induced arthralgia for clinical pharmacists.

Objective To investigate the effects of different interventions on the biomechanic indexes in femur bones of ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis.Methods Eighty healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,were randomly divided into an ovariectornized(OVX,n=68)group and a sham-operation(Sham,n=12)group.At the 11th week after the operation,the OVX group was further randomly divided into a control group(n=11),an estradiol group(E2,n=10),a genisteine group(G,n=10),a treadmill exercise group(TE,n=10),a lithium chloride group(LiCl,n=10)and a whole-body vertical vibration group (WBVV,n=10).Then the rats began to receive different interventions as their group names implied.At the end of 8 weeks,their right femurs were isolated and the biomechanic parameters were detected using the three point bending test.Results (1)Both the maximum load and elastic load in E2,G,TE,WBVV and LiC1 groups were significantly higher than that of the control group,while no significant differences were seen in maximum deflection and elastic deflection.(2)The elastic stress,maximum strain,and elasticity modulus in E2,G,and WBVV groups were significantly higher than that of the control group,while no significant differences were seen in maximum stress and elastic strain among them.The maximum stress,elastic stress,maximum strain,and elasticity modulus in TE group were significantly higher than the control group while no significant differences were seen in the elastic strain.The maximum stress,elastic stress,and elasticity modulus in LiC1 group were significantly higher than the control group,but no significant differences were seen in maximum strain and elastic strain between them.Conclusion E2,genistein,treadmill exercise,whole-body vertical vibration,and LiC1 have quite similar effects on structural mechanics indexes of femurs in OVX rats with osteoporosis,but they have different impacts on the material mechanics indexes.

OBJECTIVE:To study the general pattern and characteristics of electrocardiographic abnormality induced by antipsychotic drugs.METHODS:By retrieving China Periodical full-text data base,a total of 5 298 electrocardiographic abnormality cases induced by 9 kinds of antipsychotic drugs reported in 99 papers in domestic medical journals between Jan.1994 to Dec.2008 were collected for a statistical analysis.RESULTS:The antipsychotic drugs that induced electrocardiographic abnormality included clozapine,chlorpromazine,sulpiride,risperidone,haloperidol,quetiapine,perphenazine,ziprasidone and aripiprazole,of which,clozapine showed the highest incidence of electrocardiographic abnormality.The electrocardiographic abnormality manifested as sinus tachycardia,sinus bradycardia,heart block,T-wave changes and S-T segment change etc,with sinus tachycardia showing the highest incidence.The electrocardiographic abnormality was also correlated with patients' sex,age,drug-taking behavior and dosage etc.CONCLUSION:Clinicians should be alert to the electrocardiographic abnormality induced by antipsychotic drugs bypaying close attention to patients' condition and attaching importance to the electrocardiographic monitoring during medication to ensure medication safety.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utilization status of the second category of psychotropic drug in our hospital.METHODS: By a retrospective method,the utilization of the second category of psychotropic drug in our hospital was analyzed statistically.RESULTS: The second category of psychotropic drugs used in our hospital totaled 11 kinds(two dosage forms).Leading the first 5 places on the list of DDDs were Clonazepam tablets,Zolpidem tablets,Lorazepam tablets,Alprazolam tablets and Estazolam tablets.Leading the first 5 places on the list of consumption sum were Zolpidem tablets,Lorazepam tablets,Clonazepam tablets,Midazolam injections and Alprazolam tablets.CONCLUSION: The clinical utilization of second category of psychotropic drugs in our hospital was basically reasonable;however,some drugs were abused.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the compatibility of gatifloxacin for injection with cefradine for injection in 5% glucose injection and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection respectively.METHODS:At room temperature for8hours the change in appearance and pH value were observed,while the content was determined by UV spectrophotometry as well.RESULTS:There was no evident change in appearance after the mixture,but the pH value and concentration changed significantly.CONCLUSIONS:There exists incompatibility between gatifloxacin for injection and cefradine for injection.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general regularity and characteristics of drug-induced hemorrhage.METHEDS:1139cases of drug-induced hemorrhage reported in internal medical journals published from Jan.1995to Dec.2004were collected and analyzed.RESULTS:The drugs that induced hemorrhage were chiefly antimicrobial drugs,central nervous system drugs and hematopoietic system drugs;oral drugs were the chief means that lead to hemorrhage which amounted to63.92%of the total hemorrhage cases;the bleeding parts were mainly alimentary tract and intestinal tract;the bleeding time usually occurred within2min～1mo after medication.Systematic administration-induced hemorrhage usually occurred under the normal administration and dosage;however,wrong use of drugs,irrational drug uses etc.were accountable for the hem?orrhage in local application.CONCLUSION:Clinicians should give detailed guidance to patients on the drug use so as to avoid wrong or irrational drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To study the compatible stability of gatifloxacin for injection with metronidazole disodium phos-phate in sodium chloride injection.METHODS:The contents of2constituents of the mixed solution stored at25℃within8hours was determined by dual ultraviolet wavelength spectrophotometry,and the appearance,pH value of the mixture were compared with those before.RESULTS:There was no significant change in the content of gatifloxacin after mixing,while the content of metronidazole disodium phosphate has a slight reduction,no significant changes were noted otherwise.CONCLUSI_ ON:Gatifloxacin for injection is compatible with metronidazole disodium phosphate in sodium chloride injection if at25℃within4hours'mixing.

OBJECTIVE:To study the compatible stability of gatifloxacin for injection in combination with aciclovir for injection in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% glucose injection.METHODS:Changes in appearance and pH value of gatifloxacin in combination with aciclovir within 8 hours after mixing were observed and determined under room temperature(20?1)℃,respectively,and the precipitates in the mixture underwent infrared spectrum analysis.RESULTS:White flocculent precipitate was noted in the mixture within 1 hour of mixing,which was proved as a new substance by infrared spectrum analysis. CONCLUSIONS:There is incompatibility between gatifloxacin for injection and aciclovir for injection.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the causes,patterns and features of drug induced abnormal body temperature.METHODS: 215 articles covering total 1 540 cases of drug-induced abnormal body temperature,published during Jan.1994～ Dec.2005 in 130 Chinese medical journals,were sorted from CNKI and CHKD and consolidated for analysis.RESULTS: Abnormal body temperature cases induced by antimicrobials,traditional Chinese medicines and central nervous system drugs were listed among the top three in number;injections generated the highest proportion of abnormal body temperature cases.Drug-induced abnormal body temperature was not related to sex and age.CONCLUSION: To ensure safe use of drugs,clinicians should inquire about patients' medication history before drug administration,strictly follow medication indications and closely observe the reactions after drug administration.