Tinnitus is a common symptom which often becomes disabling, affecting the emotional and psychosocial dimensions of life. Nowadays, therapies for tinnitus vary greatly, none of which could give a satisfactory therapeutic effect however. Intratympanic therapy allows the generation of high concentration of drugs within the inner ear without systemic side effects. This review aims to introduce the commonly used medications and approaches for intratympanic management of tinnitus. Although different medications have been tested for their effects on tinnitus by intratympanic application, no breakthrough has been achieved so far. Consequently, the clinical use of specific medications for tinnitus has remained limited. A more widespread adoption of intratympanic management requires the development of specific medications for tinnitus, as well as proof of their safety and efficacy.
Ear, Inner ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; drug therapy ; Tympanic Membrane

Objective To study the effects of Semen Cassiae extract on lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemia model mice.Methods In this experiment,mice were sc injected with two different concentration of Semen Cassiae extract,and sacrificed at 1,2,and 4 h.The blood samples were withdrawn from the eye vein.The plasma biochemical indexes were detected by using the kit,and real time PCR was used to analyze the expression of adipogenesis genes with time series.Results For hyperlipidemia model mice treated with Semen Cassiae extract serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyeride(TG),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) could be decreased significantly(P

The patient complained of a 20 days history of isolated mass in the right cervical region. The lesion was successfully eradicated by surgical removal. Histopathology established branchial cleft cyst carcinoma (BCCC) as the diagnosis. More attentions should be paid to the diagnosis of BCCC. Primary leisions were essential for the suspected cases. Importantly, only after excluding the metastatic squamous carcinoma in lymph nodes and other primary diseases, the diagnosis of BCCC would be established. Therapeutic strategies include complete local excision, radical neck dissection, and post-operative radiotherapy.
Branchioma ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Postoperative Period

0.05), but the values of ET and TNF in the CJ group were significantly lower than those in the EBD group (P

Objective To analyze the influence of mode of delivery on post-neonatal gut microbiota using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology.Methods From April to August in 2013,thirty healthy urban full-term neonates in Nanjing City were enrolled in the study,including fifteen exclusive breastfed ones (seven born of caesarean section and eight born vaginally) and fifteen mixed feeding ones (eight born of cesarean section and seven born vaginally).Stool specimens were collected on the 28th day after birth and bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and examined by PCR on 16S rDNA V3 variable region.Bacterial community profiles were obtained by DGGE.Diversity and similarity differences of the gut microbial community structures were analyzed.Two independent sample t test or Chi-square tests were used for stastistical analysis.Results (1)Diversity analysis showed that among exclusive breastfeeding infants,the Strip number and Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index of gut microbiota in infants born abdominally were significantly lower than those born vaginally [9.71 ±4.27 vs 15.12±4.19,2.13±0.39 vs 2.61±0.32,both P＜0.05],but the Simpson index of gut microbiota was significantly higher [0.13 ± 0.04 vs 0.08± 0.03,P＜0.05],and no significant difference was shown in Pielou Index (P＞0.05).In the mixed feeding group,the Strip number and Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index of gut microbiota in infants born abdominally were significantly lower than those born vaginally [10.88±3.23 vs 16.29±5.38,2.26±0.37 vs 2.66±0.31,both P＜0.05],the Simpson index was higher,but together with the Pielou Index,neither showed significant difference (both P＞0.05).(2) Similarity analysis found that gut microbiota from neonates born of same mode of delivery mostly gathered together and had much more similar structures.Conclusions In the post-neonatal period,the species and numbers of gut microbiota in infants born abdominally are all behind of those born vaginally.The predominant microbiota in babies born of cesarean section are more prominent,and gut microbiota in vaginal delivered babies are more uniformly distributed.

AIM: To explore the mechanism of ET-1, NO and PGI 2 release from coronary artery endothelial cells (CAEC) induced by acute hypoxia. METHODS: Bovine coronary artery endothelial cells were cultured and [ 45 Ca 2+ ] was used to investigate the difference of calcium uptake between normoxia group and hypoxia group (3% O 2). The contents of ET-1, NO and PGI 2 in media of normoxia group, hypoxia group and hypoxia + verapamil group were measured 24 h after hypoxia. RESULTS: [ 45 Ca 2+ ] uptake by CAEC in hypoxia group was 1.9 times more than normoxia group ( P

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the temporal bone in children. METHOD: Seven children with LCH of the temporal bone n our hospital were retrospectively summed up from April 2009 to April 2014. The patients were followed up 1-5 years, their clinical manifestations, imaging findings, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis were studied. Correlation between clinical classifications and prognosis was also analyzed. RESULT: Among the 7 patients, 4 were boys and 3 were girls. 5 cases belonged to the single system group and 2 cases belonged to the multisystem group. The most common clinical characters were temporal tumor, otorrhea, otalgia, hearing loss and granulation of external auditory canal. CT of the temporal bones showed extensive osteolytic destructions with diffuse soft tissure density, without border sclerotization. The cases were. received different therapies. Followed up for 1-5 years, 4 cases were regressive, 1 case kept stable, while 2 cases showed progressive. The two boys then received standard treatment combined steroids with vinblastine. The prognosis in the multisystem group was significantly different from the single system group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The clinical manifestations of LCH vary a lot. The diagnosis is based on histological and immunophenotypic examination of lesion tissue. The main therapy includs surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The prognosis of the single system group is much better than the multisystem group.
Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Deafness ; etiology ; Ear Canal ; pathology ; Ear Diseases ; etiology ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroids ; therapeutic use ; Temporal Bone ; pathology

To discover an efficient strategy for the conversion of the antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolones into the antitumor activity, the three series of C-3 s-triazole-based derivatives including sulfide ketones (6a-6g), thiosemicarbazones (7a-7g) and fused heterocyclic thiazolotriazoles (8a-8g) were synthesized from ciprofloxacin (1), respectively. The structures were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data. The antitumor activity was tested against three tumor cell lines (Hep-3B, Capan-1 and HL60) using the MTT assay. The three types of compounds all exhibited stronger anti-proliferative activities than ciprofloxacin in the test. The order of their activities was in compounds 7>8>6, and the order of selectivity against cancer cell lines was Capan-1, Hep-3B and HL60. Meanwhile, the SAR revealed that some compounds with electron-drawing group substituted such as fluoro- and nitro-phenyl compounds (6f, 7f, 8f) and (6g, 7g, 8g) displayed more significant activity than the control compounds, especially the IC50 values of thiosemicarbazone compounds 7f and 7g against Capan-1 was comparable to doxorubicin. Thus, a five-membered triazole as the C-3 bioisostere modified with the functionalized side-chain of sulfide-ketone thiosemicarbazone warrants special attention and further investigation.

To discover novel antitumor rhodanine unsaturated ketones, a series of fluoroquinolone (rhodanine α, β-unsaturated ketone) amine derivatives (5a-5r) were designed and synthesized with fluoroquinolone amide scaffold as a carrier. The structures of eighteen title compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and MS. The in vitro anti-proliferative activity against Hep-3B, Capan-1 and HL60 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that the title compounds not only had more significant anti-proliferative activity against three tested cancer cell lines than that of the parent ciprofloxacin 1, but also exhibited the highest activity against Capan-1 cells. The SAR revealed that some compounds carrying aromatic heterocyclic rings or phenyl attached to an electron-withdrawing carboxyl or sulfonamide substituent were comparable to or better than comparison doxorubicin against Capan-1 cells. As such, it suggests that fluoroquinolone (rhodanine α, β-unsaturated ketone) amines are promising leads for the development of novel antitumor fluoroquinolones or rhodanine analogues.

To search for fluoroquinolones(FQs)with antitumor activity;the C-3 carboxylic acid group of peflox-acin (1)was replaced by fused heterocyclic core;and twelve novel thiazolo[3;2-b][1;2;4]triazole heterocycles(6a-6l)were designed and synthesized.The structures of target compounds were characterized by elemental anal-ysis and spectral data.The results of the in vitro antiproliferative effect on SMMC-7721;L1210 and HL60 cell lines showed that the title compounds exhibited more significant antitumor activity than both of the pefloxacin and the corresponding opening-ring intermediates(5 a-5 l).Among them;the target compounds which possess a ben-zene ring bearing a hydroxyl group (6e)or a fluorine atom (6j)exhibited more potent antiproliferative effect on SMMC-7721 cells than other compounds.Therefore;the antitumor fluoroquinolones can be designed by replacing the C-3 carboxylic acid group of fluoroquinolones with the thiazolo[3;2-b][1;2;4]triazole moiety.