Parkinson's disease （PD）， with its incidence increasing year by year and its onset age gradually becoming younger， has become a major chronic multisystem movement disorder that threatens public health. The microbiota-gut-brain axis （MGBA） is a bidirectional communication system connecting the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system. Its core functions rely on the synergistic interactions among gut microbiota， neural signal transmission， endocrine regulation， and immune interactions， and it plays an indispensable role in maintaining gut-brain dynamic homeostasis， regulating neurotransmitter metabolism， and modulating inflammatory responses. Current studies have found that the gut microbiota of patients with PD exhibits dual dysbiosis characterized by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and beneficial bacteria， accompanied by abnormal metabolite levels， which accumulate and trigger neuroinflammation， demonstrating the pivotal regulatory role of the MGBA in the early pathology of PD. Furthermore， this article summarizes Chinese medicines， their active components， and compound formulas that may prevent and treat PD through intervention in the MGBA. These agents can modulate microbial composition， suppress inflammation and oxidative stress， protect the intestinal barrier， and ameliorate dopaminergic neuron damage. By systematically summarizing the central mechanisms of the MGBA in PD and reviewing the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） mediated regulation of this pathway in PD intervention， this article aims to provide a theoretical reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of PD and scientific research design.

Objective: To develop the Daily Stressor Evaluation Questionnaire for Primary School Students and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Methods: In November 2020, a convenience sampling method was used to conduct semi structured interviews with 10 primary school students in Jiading District, Shanghai. Through literature review, semi structured interviews, and expert consultation, 59 question items were developed, and 138 elementary school students in 2 districts in Shanghai were selected for a pre survey in March 2021, and the formal questionnaire was formed after item screening and parallel analysis. Stratified cluster sampling was used to survey a total of 1 618 fourth and fifth grade students enrolled in five elementary schools in Jiading District, Shanghai from April to May, 2021, to further test the reliability of the questionnaire. Results: The Daily Stressor Evaluation Questionnaire for Primary School Students contained 4 dimensions and 22 items in total. The internal consistency test showed that cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.904 and Cronbach α coefficient of each dimension was between 0.689 to 0.803. The Guttman split half reliability was 0.885 and ranged from 0.582 to 0.732 for each dimension. The results of the validation factor analysis showed that the χ 2/df of the questionnaire was less than 4, the root mean square error of approximation was less than 0.08, and the Tueker Lewis index and comparative fit index were above 0.80. The critical value of using the ROC curve to evaluate the questionnaire was 31 points. At this point, the area under the curve was determined to be 0.783, while the sensitivity and specificity were found to be 71.43% and 73.39%, respectively. Additionally, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated to be 23.26% and 95.79%, respectively. Conclusion The Daily Stressor Evaluation Questionnaire for Primary School Students developed in this study has good reliability and validity and can be used as an assessment tool for evaluating stressors in primary school students.

Stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in Chinese adults, of which about 70% are ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that early enteral nutrition can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with acute stroke. This article reviews the impact of the timing and pathway of enteral nutrition on the clinical outcomes of the patients with acute stroke, in order to provide basis for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictors and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: This retrospective observational study was conducted among patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Hankou Hospital between January, 5 and March 8, 2020. We evaluated the association of AKI with the demographic and biochemical parameters and clinical outcomes of the patients using univariate regression analysis. OBJECTIVE: Atotal of 287 COVID-19 patients, including 55 with AKI and 232 without AKI, were included in the analysis. Compared with the patients without AKI, the patients with AKI were older, predominantly male, and were more likely to have hypoxia and pre-existing hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. The patients with AKI also had higher levels of white blood cells, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, a higher prevalence of hyperkalemia, lower lymphocyte counts, and higher chest computed tomographic scores. The incidence of stage 1 AKI was 14.3% and that of stage 2 or 3 AKI was 4.9%. The patients with AKI had much higher mortality rate than those without AKI. OBJECTIVE AKI is an important complication of COVID-19. An older age, a male gender, multiple pre- existing comorbidities, lymphopenia, increased infection indicators, elevated D-dimer, and impaired heart and liver functions are all potential risk factors ofAKI. COVID- 19 patients with AKI that progresses into stages 2 or 3 AKI have a high mortality rate. Prevention of AKI and monitoring kidney function is critical in the care of COVID-19 patients.
Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology* ; Aged ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective:To investigate the correlation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Patients with AIS received intravenous thrombolysis using standard dose alteplase in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. Head CT scan was performed within 24 h after thrombolytic therapy to identify the occurrence of HT. The demographic and baseline clinical data were compared between the HT group and the non-HT group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between LDL-C and HT after thrombolysis. Results:A total of 323 patients with AIS who received intravenous thrombolytic therapy were enrolled, their age was 65±12 years (range, 54-78 years), and 219 were males (67.8%). The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 4 (interquartile range, 3-9). Ninety one patients (28.17%) developed HT, of which 8 (2.48%) had symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in LDL-C, age, baseline NIHSS score, baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, baseline fibrin degradation products, and the proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation and stroke etiology between the HT group and the non-HT group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower LDL-C (odds ratio [ OR] 0.531, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.358-0.788; P=0.002), higher baseline NIHSS score ( OR 1.063, 95% CI 1.010-1.120; P=0.020) and higher baseline systolic blood pressure ( OR 1.015, 95 CI 1.004-1.026; P=0.008) were the independent risk factors for HT after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with AIS. Conclusions:Low LDL-C is an independent risk factor for HT in patients with AIS after intravenous thrombolysis. The patients with lower LDL-C should be cautious in lipid-lowering therapy and be alert to the occurrence of HT.

Objective:Establishment of a new model of human primary colon cancer transplantation tumor in normal immune mice and to provide a reliable experimental animal model for studying the pathogenesis of colon cancer under normal immunity.Methods:Human colon cancer cells come from colon cancer patients who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College in 2017. The mice in the cell control group were inoculated with phosphate buffered solution (PBS) containing colon cancer cells, the microcarrier control group was inoculated with PBS containing microcarrier 6, and the cell-microcarrier complex group was inoculated with the PBS containing colon cancer cell-microcarrier complex. The cells of each group were inoculated under the skin of the right axilla of mice by subcutaneous injection, and the time, size, tumor formation rate and pathological changes under microscope were recorded. The transplanted tumor tissue was immunohistochemically stained with the EnVisiion two-step method, and the tumor formation rate of the transplanted tumor was judged according to the proportion of positive cells in the visual field. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the expression of human-specific Alu sequence in mice tumor tissue.Results:After inoculation with tumor cells, the mice in the cell control group and the microcarrier control group did not die and did not form tumors; the mice in the cell-microcarrier complex group had palpable subcutaneous tumors in the right axillary subcutaneously on the 5th to 7th days after inoculation, and tumor formation rate is 67% (10/15), and the tumor volume can reach about 500 mm 3 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination. The immunohistochemistry results showed that CK20, CDX-2 and carcinoembryonic antigen were all positively expressed. The PCR results showed that the expression of human-specific Alu sequence can be detected in the transplanted tumor tissue of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion:Human primary colon cancer cells used microcarrier 6 as a carrier to form tumors in normal immunized mice, and successfully established a new model of human colon cancer transplantation tumor in normal immune mice.

Objective:Establishment of a new model of human primary colon cancer transplantation tumor in normal immune mice and to provide a reliable experimental animal model for studying the pathogenesis of colon cancer under normal immunity.Methods:Human colon cancer cells come from colon cancer patients who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College in 2017. The mice in the cell control group were inoculated with phosphate buffered solution (PBS) containing colon cancer cells, the microcarrier control group was inoculated with PBS containing microcarrier 6, and the cell-microcarrier complex group was inoculated with the PBS containing colon cancer cell-microcarrier complex. The cells of each group were inoculated under the skin of the right axilla of mice by subcutaneous injection, and the time, size, tumor formation rate and pathological changes under microscope were recorded. The transplanted tumor tissue was immunohistochemically stained with the EnVisiion two-step method, and the tumor formation rate of the transplanted tumor was judged according to the proportion of positive cells in the visual field. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the expression of human-specific Alu sequence in mice tumor tissue.Results:After inoculation with tumor cells, the mice in the cell control group and the microcarrier control group did not die and did not form tumors; the mice in the cell-microcarrier complex group had palpable subcutaneous tumors in the right axillary subcutaneously on the 5th to 7th days after inoculation, and tumor formation rate is 67% (10/15), and the tumor volume can reach about 500 mm 3 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination. The immunohistochemistry results showed that CK20, CDX-2 and carcinoembryonic antigen were all positively expressed. The PCR results showed that the expression of human-specific Alu sequence can be detected in the transplanted tumor tissue of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion:Human primary colon cancer cells used microcarrier 6 as a carrier to form tumors in normal immunized mice, and successfully established a new model of human colon cancer transplantation tumor in normal immune mice.

Objective    To investigate the preoperative localization of pulmonary glabrous nodules. Methods    A total of 192 patients admitted to General Hospital of  Northern Theater Command from April 2012 to September 2019 were selected for the study. There were 95 males and 97 females at an age of 56.47±11.79 years. All patients completed preoperative examination, and were divided into a positioning group (n=97) and a non-positioning group (n=95) according to whether the preoperative positioning was performed. And the surgical indicators between the two groups were compared. According to the substance of ground-glass opacity, they were divided into a pure ground-glass nodules group (n=23) and a mixed ground-glass nodules group (n=74) in the positioning group and a pure ground-glass nodules group (n=14) and a mixed ground-glass nodules group (n=81) in the non-positioning group . According to the size and distance of the nodules from the pleura and whether the nodules could be detected, the corresponding linear function was obtained. Results    The operative time of methylene blue localization group was shorter than that of the no localization group. In the scatter plot, the corresponding diameter and depth of the nodules and the corresponding coordinate points which can be explored were described. And linear regression was performed on all the coordinate points to obtain the linear function: depth=0.648×diameter–1.446 (mm). It can be used as an indication for the preoperative localization of pure ground-glass nodules in Da Vinci robotic surgery. Linear function: depth=0.559 5×diameter+0.56 (mm). It can be used as an indication of preoperative localization of mixed ground-glass nodules in Da Vinci robotic surgery. Conclusion    This equation can be used as a preoperative indication for clinical peripheral pulmonary ground-glass nodules.

Robotic surgery system has been widely used in various types of pulmonary resections. With the unremitting efforts of Chinese thoracic surgeons, the quantity and quality of robotic pulmonary resections in China have reached a remarkable level. With the development and rapid promotion of this technology, the popularity of robotic surgery is also increasing. In order to standardize the clinical practice, guarantee the quality of treatment and promote the development of robotic pulmonary resections, the Committee of Thoracic Surgery, Doctor Society of Medical Robotics, Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant domestic experts to formulate the consensus of Chinese clinical experts on robot-assisted lung cancer surgery.

Brain ; pathology ; China ; Humans ; Organ Preservation ; standards ; Tissue Banks ; ethics ; standards