Objective To research the lung infection status,causes and nursing countermeasures on ICU patients with tracheotomy.Methods A study sample of 200 ICU patients with tracheotomy from the First People′s Hospital of Shangqiu were randomly collected from December of 201 3 to September 201 5.Observation and analysis against the lung infection incidence,causes,pathogens,occurrence time etc.were conducted,and effective nursing strategies were implemented based on the analysis of those occurrence factors for the patients with pulmonary infection.Results The incidence of pulmonary infection was 37.50% for ICU patients after tracheotomy in this study,the occurrence time of pulmonary infection in ICU patients varied due to multiple factors;the main pathogenic bacteria of pulmonary infection were streptococcus pneumoniae,pseudomonas aeruginosa,hemolytic streptococcus,methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and acinetobacter baumannii, with proportions of 44.00%,24.00%,1 6.00%,1 0.67%,5.33% to the overall pathogens respectively.The factors in causing lung infection were:pathogen invasion caused by tracheotomy,aspiration and airway secretions accumulating,drug factors,cross infection and poor immunity.Conclusions ICU patients with tracheotomy are seriously ill,and the incidence of pulmonary infection is relatively high because of tracheotomy,poor immunity and drug application in addition to a plenty of pathogen.An effective nursing intervention can reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effects of predictive phased intervention on lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in ICU patients.Methods A total of 82 cases of critically ill patients admitted to our hospital from June 2013 to June 2016 were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 41 cases respectively. Patients in the observation group received predictive phased intervention, while patients in the control group received routine nursing intervention. After 4 weeks of intervention, the lower extremity deep venous thrombosis rate, lower limb perimeter and blood flow velocity of lower extremity venous were compared between two groups.Results The incidence of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis was 2.44% in the observation group and 19.51% in the control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (x2=6.604,P<0.05). After the intervention, the lower limb perimeter of patients in the observation group was (30.01±2.34) cm, which was significantly lower than that of the control group; the venous blood flow velocity of the lower extremity of patients in the observation group was (25.43±3.01) cm/s, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=2.285, 2.357;P<0.05).Conclusions Predictive phased intervention has obvious advantages in the prevention of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in ICU patients and it is worth clinical promotion.

Rabdosia serra(R.serra),an important component of Chinese herbal tea,has traditionally been used to treat hepatitis,jaundice,cholecystitis,and colitis.However,the chemical composition of R.serra and its effect against colitis remain unclear.In this study,the chemical composition of the water extract of R.serra was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS).A total of 46 compounds,comprising ent-kaurane diterpenoids,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and steroids,were identified in the water extract of R.serra,and the extract could significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis by improving colon length,upregulating anti-inflammatory factors,downregulating proinflammatory fac-tors,and restoring the balance of T helper 17/T regulatory cells.R.serra also preserved intestinal barrier function by increasing the level of tight junction proteins(zonula occludens 1 and occludin)in mouse colonic tissue.In addition,R.serra modulated the gut microbiota composition by increasing bacterial richness and diversity,increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria(Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus,and Prevotellaceae_UCG-O01),and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria(Turi-cibacter,Eubacterium_fissicatena_group,and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group).Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics further confirmed that R.serra alleviated colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner.Overall,our findings provide chemical and biological evidence for the potential application of R.serra in the management of colitis.

【Objective】 To investigate the association between HLA-A, B, DRB1 alleles and chronic renal failure (CRF) in Han population of Shandong Peninsula. 【Methods】 Sequence specific oligonucleotide probe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSO) was used to genotype 880 patients with CRF in the Han population of Shandong Peninsula. The allele frequencies of HLA-A, B and DRB1 were compared with 865 hematopoietic stem cell voluntary donors, and the association between HLA gene polymorphism and CRF was analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 33 HLA-A alleles, 76 HLA-B alleles and 39 HLA-DRB1 alleles were detected in the study group. DRB1^*11∶01 (6.70% vs 4.45%) and DRB1^*12∶02 (8.69% vs 5.90%) in CRF group were significantly higher than those in the control(Pc<0.05), and B^*15∶11 (1.82% vs 3.64%) among CRF group was significantly lower compared with the control(Pc<0.05). The frequency of three loci haplotypes A^*30∶01 -B^*13∶02 -DRB1^*07∶01 (16.61% vs 7.61%), A^*33∶03 -B^*58∶01 -DRB1^*03∶01 (4.57% vs 1.62%) and A^*02∶07 -B^*46∶01 -DRB1^*09∶01 (4.06% vs 1.09%) in CRF patients were significantly higher than that of the control(Pc<0.05), which were strongly correlated with CRF. 【Conclusion】 The data on the association of HLA-A, B, DRB1 alleles and haplotype polymorphisms with CRF in Shandong Peninsula has been obtained in this study. DRB1^*11∶01 and DRB1^*12∶02 may be the susceptibility risk factors for development of CRF, and B^*15∶11 may be protective genes against development of CRF, and A^*30∶01 -B^*13∶02 -DRB1^*07∶01, A^*33∶03 -B^*58∶01 -DRB1^*03∶01 and A^*02∶07 -B^*46∶01 -DRB1^*09∶01 may be the susceptible haplotypes in Han population of Shandong Peninsula.

Social defeat stress (SDS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. Sleep is generally considered to involve recovery of the brain from prior experience during wakefulness and is altered after acute SDS. However, the effect of acute SDS on sleep/wake behavior in mice varies between studies. In addition, whether sleep changes in response to stress contribute to anxiety is not well established. Here, we first investigated the effects of acute SDS on sleep/wake states in the active period in mice. Our results showed that total sleep time (time in rapid eye-movement [REM] and non-REM [NREM] sleep) increased in the active period after acute SDS. NREM sleep increased mainly during the first 3 h after SDS, while REM sleep increased at a later time. Then, we demonstrated that the increased NREM sleep had an anxiolytic benefit in acute SDS. Mice deprived of sleep for 1 h or 3 h after acute SDS remained in a highly anxious state, while in mice with ad libitum sleep the anxiety rapidly faded away. Altogether, our findings suggest an anxiolytic effect of NREM sleep, and indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for anxiety.

Conventional chemotherapy based on cytotoxic drugs is facing tough challenges recently following the advances of monoclonal antibodies and molecularly targeted drugs. It is critical to inspire new potential to remodel the value of this classical therapeutic strategy. Here, we fabricate bisphosphonate coordination lipid nanogranules (BC-LNPs) and load paclitaxel (PTX) to boost the chemo- and immuno-therapeutic synergism of cytotoxic drugs. Alendronate in BC-LNPs@PTX, a bisphosphonate to block mevalonate metabolism, works as both the structure and drug constituent in nanogranules, where alendronate coordinated with calcium ions to form the particle core. The synergy of alendronate enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel, suppresses tumor metastasis, and alters the cytotoxic mechanism. Differing from the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, the involvement of alendronate inhibits the mevalonate metabolism, changes the mitochondrial morphology, disturbs the redox homeostasis, and causes the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and lethal lipid peroxides (LPO). These factors finally trigger the ferroptosis of tumor cells, an immunogenic cell death mode, which remodels the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and synergizes with immunotherapy. Therefore, by switching paclitaxel-induced apoptosis to mevalonate metabolism-triggered ferroptosis, BC-LNPs@PTX provides new insight into the development of cytotoxic drugs and highlights the potential of metabolism regulation in cancer therapy.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most common causes of drug-resistant epilepsy. Dysmorphic neurons are the major histopathological feature of type II FCD, but their role in seizure genesis in FCD is unclear. Here we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recording and morphological reconstruction of cortical principal neurons in postsurgical brain tissue from drug-resistant epilepsy patients. Quantitative analyses revealed distinct morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of the upper layer dysmorphic neurons in type II FCD, including an enlarged soma, aberrant dendritic arbors, increased current injection for rheobase action potential firing, and reduced action potential firing frequency. Intriguingly, the upper layer dysmorphic neurons received decreased glutamatergic and increased GABAergic synaptic inputs that were coupled with upregulation of the Na⁺-K⁺-Cl^- cotransporter. In addition, we found a depolarizing shift of the GABA reversal potential in the CamKII-cre::PTEN^flox/flox mouse model of drug-resistant epilepsy, suggesting that enhanced GABAergic inputs might depolarize dysmorphic neurons. Thus, imbalance of synaptic excitation and inhibition of dysmorphic neurons may contribute to seizure genesis in type II FCD.
Animals ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy/surgery* ; Epilepsy/pathology* ; Malformations of Cortical Development/pathology* ; Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I ; Mice ; Neurons/pathology* ; Seizures/pathology*