Objective To investigate platelet α and β secretase activities and the amounts of platelet soluble fragment of APP (sAPPα) produced by α-secretase in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The neurological functions of 48 nondemented patients,42 MCI and 40 AD patients were evaluated by neuropsychological examinations.The platelet α and β secretase activities and sAPPα production in each group were measured by fluorescence and Western blotting analysis respectively.Results The α secretase activities in non-demented,MCI and AD group were 100.0％ ± 10.6％,78.2％ ± 9.4％ and 61.8％ ± 7.2％ respectively.As compared with nondemented group,the α secretase activities in MCI and AD group were decreased (F =22.935,P =0.001).The α secretase activity in AD group was significantly lower than MCI group.The β secretase activities in non-demented,MCI and AD group were 100.0％ ± 11.2％,145.8％ ± 12.7％ and 189.8％ ± 14.2％respectively.The β secretase activities in MCI and AD group were significantly higher than that in nondemented group (F =16.368,P =0.001).The β secretase activity in AD group was significantly decreased as compared with MCI group.The sAPPα amounts in MCI group and AD group were all decreased as compared with that in control group; the sAPPo amount in AD patients was significantly decreased as compared with that in MCI group.Conclusions The platelet α secretase activity and its production sAPPα in MCI and AD patients are decreased,while β secretase activity is increased,as compared with that in control group; the altered α and β secretase activities may participate in the pathogenesis of MCI and AD patients and may have diagnostic potential for them.

The viewpoint of early enteral nutrition support in neurointensive care unit patients has gradually developed.In order to enable patients to achieve the nutritional goal,it is very important to give neurointensive care unit patients early enteral nutrition support and prevent gastrointestinal complications. Standard practice of enteral nutrition support in neurointensive care unit patients is imperative to effectively carry out clinical practice guidelines,optimize the nursing process,solve the clinical problems and make sure the safety of implement of enteral nutrition support.

Three forms of the major surface antigen (SAG1)of Toxoplasma gondii, that is the membrane form, the secrete form and the intracellular form, were constructed and used to immunize BALB/c mice. The humoral response in the mice immunized with the membrane form and the secrete form of SAG1 appeared earlier and stronger than those mice immunized with the intracellular form. Result from the challenging infection demonstrated that the protection in the mice immunized with the membrane and the secrete forms was also stronger than in the mice immunized with the intracellular form. We suggest that the immune efficiency of the three forms of SAG1 in the mouse model is different.

Objective To investigate the effect of erythropoietin(EPO)on the expression of aquaporin - 2 (AQP2)in the kidney of young SD rats after release of bilateral ureter obstruction(BUO - R). Methods Thirty - two young SD rats were equally divided into 4 groups randomly(BUO group,BUO - R group,BUO - R ﹢ EPO group and Sham group,8 rats in each group). The BUO model was built through bilateral ureteral ligation. EPO(500 U/ kg)was given to BUO - R ﹢ EPO rats at 2 h after release of BUO,and then repeated 6 h,12 h,24 h and 36 h thereafter and the same volume of 9 g/ L saline was simultaneously given to BUO - R rats. The Sham group was prepared in parallel by laparotomy and free dissection of bilateral ureters but not ligated. Both side kidneys were harvested 48 h(72 h for Sham group)after release of BUO to examine the effect of EPO on the expression of AQP2 in inner medulla by immunohisto-chemistry,Real - time PCR and Western blot. The urine samples were collected by using metabolic cage before death. Results The osmotic pressure of BUO - R ﹢ EPO group was higher than that of BUO - R group,but lower than that of Sham group(P ﹤ 0. 05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the collecting duct wall thinned and lumen enlarged. After the pictures were analysized by using Image - Pro Plus software,it showed that the expression of AQP2 in collecting duct in BUO group was significantly down - regulated compared with that in Sham group,whereas,it was slightly weaker in BUO - R group and BUO - R ﹢ EPO group than Sham group(P ﹤ 0. 05). These results were further confirmed by a-dopting Western blot,and the relative quantity of AQP2 in BUO group was also the lowest of the four groups(P ﹤0. 05). Real - time PCR showed that the level of AQP2 mRNA in Sham group was(24. 30 ± 1. 03)folds of BUO group,(10. 60 ± 1. 05)folds of BUO - R group and(5. 70 ± 1. 01)folds of BUO - R ﹢ EPO group,respectively. Conclusion EPO could promote not only the recovery of AQP2 mRNA and protein expression but also the recovery of AQP2 function in young BUO - R rats.

Objective: To identify the latent classes of various health risk behaviors among medical students and further analyze the correlation between different classes and depression. Methods: Using the method of convenient sampling, 2 014 medical students were selected from Anhui Medical University in October 2018. Self-designed online questionnaire were used to collect demographic data, health risk behavior (including smoking, drinking, suicide, sleep disorders, mobile phone dependence and lack of exercise) and depressive symptoms. Latent Class Analysis was used to cluster individuals. Logistic regression was provided to further analyze the association between health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms for the groups. Results: The health hazard behaviors of medical students could be divided into three separate classes: substance dependence group (8.4%), mobile phone dependence group (22.4%) and low-risk group (69.2%). The distribution of health risk behaviors of medical students with different gender, major, grade, only child，father s educational level，monthly living expenses, academic achievement and number of friends were statistically significant (χ 2=99.37,19.07,12.05,6.64,14.28,19.35,20.61,26.39,P<0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, major, grade, only child, father s educational level，monthly living expenses, academic achievement and number of friends, the mobile phone dependence group was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β=1.75, P<0.01). Conclusion Different ratent classes of health risk behaviors have different correlation with depressive symptoms in groups.It is suggested that school health workers should make individualized intervention plan for different types of health hazard behavior of medical students in the future educational activities, carry out stratified intervention, alleviate the symptoms of depression and promote the mental health of medical students.

Wasp sting refers to a series of clinical syndromes caused by the venom in the tail poison sac of the poisonous bee when attacking the attacked body, mainly manifested as local skin damage, systemic allergic reaction and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) . Wasp venom can also act on the nervous system, and cause rare complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, encephalitis, and Parkinson's disease, which can seriously affect the prognosis. This review will elaborate the above complications for clinical reference.

Wasp sting refers to a series of clinical syndromes caused by the venom in the tail poison sac of the poisonous bee when attacking the attacked body, mainly manifested as local skin damage, systemic allergic reaction and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) . Wasp venom can also act on the nervous system, and cause rare complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, encephalitis, and Parkinson's disease, which can seriously affect the prognosis. This review will elaborate the above complications for clinical reference.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop the beverage addiction scale for college students,so as to provide an effective tool for assessing college students beverage addiction. Methods: In November 2022, a cluster sample of 8 792 college students from three colleges in Yunnan and Jiangxi were surveyed by Beverage Addication Scale for College Students. After a through literature review, 12 items were proposed, including withdrawal symptoms, health effects and addiction symptoms, with 4 items each. The ttest and correlation analysis were used to filter the items, and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the structural validity of the questionnaire. In May 2023, 5 279 college students from the above three universities were surveyed again to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and the positive demarcation value of symptoms. Results: The scale fitted into a tool for measuring symptoms of beverage dependence in a college student population. The scale was composed of 11 items in accordance with withdrawal symptoms, health effects and addiction symptoms, with a cumulative contribution rate of variance was 74.51%. Cronbach α coefficients for the overall scale and three dimensions were 0.94, 0.88, 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The correlation coefficient between each item and the total score ranged from 0.56 to 0.79, and the correlation coefficient with the dimension ranged from 0.71 to 0.92. The confirmatory factor analysis model was well fitted, and the RMSEA, CFI, TLI and SRMR value were 0.06, 0.95, 0.93 and 0.04, respectively. The application of the scale showed that scores on the scale and each dimension ≥P85 were positive for symptoms. Conclusion The reliability and validity of Beverage Addiction Scale for College Students is good, which can be used to evaluate the beverage addiction symptom of college students.

As the severe neurological patients have special disease characteristics such as disorder of consciousness, respiratory dysfunction and dysfunction of autonomic nervous system, patients could not cooperated with weakly coughing and increasing oral secretion in patients, so it is difficult to collect sputum specimens in clinic and easily to obtain unqualified sputum specimens. According to the disease characteristics of severe neurological patients, this paper summarizes the key process of collecting sputum samples, to provide guidance for clinical nursing work, and improve the quality of sputum specimens so that provide accurate diagnostic bases for clinical treatment.

Objective: The study aimed to describe the prevalence of mobile phone use and depressive symptoms and to examine the bidirectional associations between the two among college students, providinb evidence for mental health promotion among college students. Methods: A longitudinal study with follow up at 6 month intervals was conducted in 1 135 students from 2 universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province who were selected between April and May 2019. The last follow up was conducted between April and May 2021 based on questionnaire survey, and 999 valid participants were obtained after matching. The self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the duration of cellular phone use and use of cellular phone functions among college students. The Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess cellular phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between cellular phone use behavior and depressive symptoms at baseline and 2 years later; linear regression model was used to analyze the linear association between cellular phone use behavior and depressive symptoms scores; autoregressive cross lagged model was used to analyze the bidirectional associations between cellular phone use behaviors and depressive symptoms among college students over time. Results: The prevalence of mobile phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students at baseline were 24.3% and 42.4%, respectively. The mean duration of mobile phone use among college students at baseline and the 2 year follow up were (2.84±0.90)h/d and (2.02±1.05)h/d, respectively; the mean scores of mobile phone dependence were (23.30±9.00) and (23.29±10.45), respectively; the mean scores of mobile phone function use were (30.12±6.66) and (29.12±7.27), respectively; and the mean scores of depressive symptoms were (4.51±4.76) and (2.61±4.40), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed there were significant positive correlations between duration of cellular phone use, cellular phone dependence, use of cellular phone functions at baseline or 2 years later and depressive symptoms 2 years later( r =0.08-0.50, P <0.05). Linear regression models showed a significant positive association between cellular phone dependence at baseline and depressive symptoms ( β=0.26, 95%CI =0.23-0.29) at baseline and 2 years later ( β=0.12, 95%CI =0.09-0.15). Autoregressive cross lagged models showed that cellular phone dependence at baseline positively predicted depressive symptoms 2 years later ( β =0.04) and depressive symptoms at baseline positively predicted cellular phone dependence 2 years later( β =0.23)( P <0.05). Conclusion There was a bidirectional association between cellular phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students. Reducing cellular phone dependence is of positive significance for improving college students mental health.