Objective B7-H1 is a recently identified co-stimulatory molecule expressed on APCs and can inhibit the activation and function of T lymphocytes.This research is to study if B7-H1 has a relationship with carcinogenesis and MDR of gastric carcinoma by examining the expressions of B7-H1 in human gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC7901/VCR,SGC7901,BGC-823 and in the permanent gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Methods Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.The B7-H1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and the protein of B7-H1 was detected by cytoimmunochemistry staining,cytoimmunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis.The expression levels of B7-H1 mRNA and the protein of B7-H1 in the above mentioned four kinds of cell lines were compared. Results All the four cell lines express B7-H1 mRNA at different levels.And B7-H1 expression level increased in the order of from GES-1 to SGC7901/VCR cell line,BGC-823 and then to SGC7901 cell line.The protein of B7-H1 was found to be distributed in the cell membrane and in a little cytoplasm in all the four cell lines through techniques of cytoimmunochemistry staining and cytoimmunochemistry staining.Further more with the result of flow cytometric analysis,the protein expression level of B7-H1 in all these cell lines was found to be consistent with B7-H1 transcript level expression.Conclusion The results suggest that B7-H1 expression on gastric epithelial cells may promote the growth of gastric carcinoma cells and the expression of MDR gene through inhibiting host immune responses.

Objective To investigate the reversal effect on mdr1 gene mediated multidrug resistance in gastric cancer SGC7901/VCR cells by small interfering RNA(siRNA).Methods Two siRNAs(mdr1si2631 and mdr1si3071) specifically targeting mdr1 gene were designed and synthesized by transcription in vitro.The siRNA duplexes were used to transfect into the gastric cancer SGC7901/VCR cells.The expression levels of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively.The accumulation of intracellular adriamycin(ADR)was examined by flow cytometry and the cell sensitivity to ADR was demonstrated by MTT.Results The expression level of mdr1 mRNA treated by siRNAs for 48?hours was decreased in the SGC7901/VCR cells.The mdr1 RT-PCR product in the transfected mdr1si2631 SGC7901/VCR cells could hardly been found,similar to its parental SGC7901 cells,the ratio of mdr1 and ?-actin in the control SGC7901/VCR group was 1.05?0.10,the transfected mdr1si3071 group was 0.16?0.03(P0.05).The RT-PCR results showed that the mdr1 mRNA expression level in the mdr1 si2631 group decline more obviously than that in the mdr1si307l group,near by the level in its parental SGC7901 cells.The P-gp immunoreactivity(IR)in brownish-colored granules was located on the cell membrane.The P-gp IR became weaker in the SGC7901/VCR cells treated by siRNAs for 48 hours and the P-gp expression level in both transfected siRNA groups was decreased.The values of adriamycin-specific fluorescence intensity and the positive rates of intracellular ADR in both transfected siRNA groups were increased.The relative reversal efficiency of the SGC7901/VCR cells to ADR detected by MTT was 79.59%in mdr1 si2631 group and 59.98%in mdr1si3071 group respectively.Conclusion siRNA could reverse mdr1 gene mediated multidrug resistance in gastric cancer SGC790l/VCR cells.

Objective To study the expression of B7-H1 in gastric mucosa of patients with gastric carcinoma,and to identify its relationship with neoplasm metastasis and prognosis.Methods Expression of B7-H1 in gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 and in freshly-resected gastric mucosa including gastric carcinoma,adjacent tumor tissue and distal normal gastric mucosa were examined by flow cytometric analysis,immunochemical staining,immunofluorescence staining and Western blot.The correlated data was analyzed statistically.And so the correlation among expression level of B7-H1 and the patients,clinicopathological parameters was established.Results B7-H1 expression was detected in SGC-7901 cell line.B7-H1 was found in cell membrane and little cytoplasm.The positive rate of B7-H1 expression in gastric carcinoma was(13/21)62%,and it was(7/21)33% in adjacent tumor tissue,Whereas B7-H1 was absent in distal normal gastric mucosa.Statistical analysis demonstrated a positive correlations of B7-H1 expression in gastric carcinoma with the depth of carcinoma infiltration,lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage(P

Objective To explore the depression and anxiety status of patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)and its subtypes.Methods In this large sample,multi-center,prospective survey(Registration number in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:ChiCTR-TRC-12001969),the patients who conformed to the Rome Ⅲ criteria for IBS were recruited from the department of gastroenterology of three hospitals in Guangdong province from June 2012 to September 2012.And 100 healthy subjects from the examination center of hospitals were recruited at the same time.The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA) were used to analyze the depression and anxiety,respectively.Results 9802 patients were collected from department of gastroenterology,and a total of 1128 (11.5 ％) patients were diagnosed as IBS.601 of questionnaires were collected,including 142 (23.6％) of refractory IBS and 459 (76.4％) of non-refractory IBS.The incidences of depression,anxiety,depression and anxiety and the HAMD,HAMA scores were higher in refractory IBS group than those in the non-refractory IBS and control group,((66.2％ vs 23.3％ vs 9.0％),P＜0.05 ;(65.5％ vs 28.5％ vs 10.0％),P＜0.05;(58.5％ vs 17.9％ vs 5.0％),P＜0.05;(9.77 ±5.16)vs(5.48 ±4.03)vs(1.66±2.50),P＜0.05;(9.75 ±5.08)vs(5.91 ±3.80)vs(2.26 ±2.68),P＜0.05).And the incidences of moderate-severe depression and moderate-severe anxiety were higher in refractory IBS group than those in the non-refractory IBS and control group ((8.5％ vs 1.3％ vs 0),P＜0.05; (15.5％ vs 3.7％ vs 0),P＜0.05).The incidences of depression,anxiety,depression and anxiety and the HAMD scores were not obviously different among IBS-D,IBS-C,IBS-M and IBS-U subtypes of refractory IBS (P ＞ 0.05).However,the HAMA scores of IBS-D and IBS-M were higher than that of IBS-U((10.10 ± 5.03) vs(7.55 ± 3.22),P ＜ 0.05 ; (12.08 ±6.89) vs (7.55 ± 3.22),P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high incidences of depression,anxiety and depression and anxiety,and the serious degrees of depression and anxiety existed in the patients with refractory IBS.And these are the important causes for refractoriness in these patients.

Objective To explore the eating behaviors associated with refractory functional dyspepsia (RFD).Methods In this multicenter,prospective trial,1341 new outpatients with functional dyspepsia (FD) from three Guangdong hospitals who had been diagnosed according to the Rome Ⅲ criteria were enrolled from May to September in 2012.One hundred healthy volunteers were also enrolled as controls.A questionnaire was used to obtain data,and logistic regression analysis was used for analysis.Results ①RFD was diagnosed in 24.4％ of the FD patients.②Unhealthy eating behaviors were significantly greater in patients with RFD and non-RFD than in the normal controls.Patients with RFD skipped meals more often,ate extra meals,and preferred sweets and gasproducing foods (P ＜ 0.05).③A comparison among the non-RFD subtypes,showed that those with epigastric pain syndrome had a greater preference for spicy foods (47.5 ％ vs 35.7 ％,P ＜ 0.05),and those with postprandial distress syndrome had a greater preference for sweets(50.0％ vs 36.4％,P ＜ 0.05) and gas-producing foods (14.9％ vs 7.1％,P＜0.05).Those with both subtypes skipped more meals (30.1％ vs 17.0％,P ＜ 0.05),and ate extra meals (15.0％ vs 6.5％,P＜0.05).④Logistic regression analysis showed that meal skipping(95％ CI,1.177 ～2.272; P=0.003),eating extra meals (95％ CI,1.015 ～2.604; P =0.043),and a preference for sweets (95 ％ CI,1.040 ～ 1.757 ; P =0.024) and gas-producing foods (95 ％ CI,1.022 ～ 2.306 ; P =0.039) were risk factors for RFD.Conclusion Unhealthy eating behaviors,especially,meal skipping,eating extra meals,preferring sweets and gas-producing foods correlate with RFD and these behaviors may be the key reasons for the refractory characteristic of RFD.

Objective To investigate the effects of rapamycin on tumor growth and mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway in xenograft of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC ) EC9706 cells. Methods The expression of factors in mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway of the tumor tissues was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Both rapamycin and cisplatin significantly inhibited the growth of transplantable tumors as compared to control group ( P < 0. 05 ) and their combination had a synergestic effect. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot show that rapamycin significantly decreased the expression of Mtor and p-4E-BP1 but increased the expression of 4E-BP1. Conclusion Rapamycin inhibits the mTOR/4E-BP1 signalling pathway, resulting in the growth inhibition of xenograft of EC9706 cells.

Objective To discuss the effect of mirtazapine in depressive functional dyspepsia patients with weight loss (FD-WL).Methods As a randomized and controlled trial,seventy-two FD patients with weight loss and depression were randomly divided into mirtazapine group(n=24),paroxetine group(n=23) and conventional group(n=25),and all patients were treated for 8 weeks.The Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI)-symptom checklist,the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (HAMD),body weight were assessed before the treatment and after 2,4,6,8 week.Results (1) After 2-week treatment,the scores of NDI-symptom checklist and HAMD in mirtazapine group were significantly lower than that in paroxetine group and conventional group.After 4-week,6-week and 8-week treatment,the score of HAMD in mirtazapine group((13.34±1.52),(11.65±1.56),(10.15±1.36)) and paroxetine group((13.65±1.81),(11.34±1.21),(9.58±1.41))was significantly lower than that in conventional group((18.15±1.61),(17.20±2.14),(15.30±1.56)) (all P<0.05).But there was no statistically difference between mirtazapine group and paroxetine group (P>0.05).(2) After 6-week and 8-week treatment,the body weight in mirtazapine group((53.17±6.46)kg,(53.55±6.52)kg)was significantly higher compared with that in paroxetine group((49.47±5.72)kg,(49.57±5.81)kg)and conventional group((48.69±5.60)kg,(48.68±5.65)kg)(all P<0.05).After 8-week treatment,patients in mirtazapine group experienced a weight gain of(3.34±1.82)kg.Conclusion Mirtazapine not only can significantly improve dyspepsia symptoms and depressive scoring,but also can increase body weight.

The viewpoint of early enteral nutrition support in neurointensive care unit patients has gradually developed.In order to enable patients to achieve the nutritional goal,it is very important to give neurointensive care unit patients early enteral nutrition support and prevent gastrointestinal complications. Standard practice of enteral nutrition support in neurointensive care unit patients is imperative to effectively carry out clinical practice guidelines,optimize the nursing process,solve the clinical problems and make sure the safety of implement of enteral nutrition support.

The cluster sampling method was used and a retrospective survey on mortality trends of cerebrovascular diseases from 1989 to 2008 was conducted among residents from Erqi District in Zhengzhou city and Xigong District in Luoyang city. The average mortality rate of cerebrovascular diseases in these two districts was 69. 5/100 000 in 1989 to 2008. The standardized mortality rate for men was 118. 67/100 000 in 1989 to 1993, and dropped to 44. 23/100 000 in 2004 to 2008. The standardized mortality rate for women was 68.21/100 000 in 1989 to 1993, and dropped to 30. 2/100 000 in 2004 to 2008. The declining trends of cerebrovascular disease mortality rates might be related to early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease, and the extensive health education and prevention programs.

As the severe neurological patients have special disease characteristics such as disorder of consciousness, respiratory dysfunction and dysfunction of autonomic nervous system, patients could not cooperated with weakly coughing and increasing oral secretion in patients, so it is difficult to collect sputum specimens in clinic and easily to obtain unqualified sputum specimens. According to the disease characteristics of severe neurological patients, this paper summarizes the key process of collecting sputum samples, to provide guidance for clinical nursing work, and improve the quality of sputum specimens so that provide accurate diagnostic bases for clinical treatment.