1.Evaluation of the relationship between cardiac calcification and cardiovascular disease using the echocardiographic calcium score in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: a cross-sectional study.
Ho-Kwan SIN ; Ping-Nam WONG ; Kin-Yee LO ; Man-Wai LO ; Shuk-Fan CHAN ; Kwok-Chi LO ; Yuk-Yi WONG ; Lo-Yi HO ; Wing-Tung KWOK ; Kai-Chun CHAN ; Andrew Kui-Man WONG ; Siu-Ka MAK
Singapore medical journal 2023;64(6):379-384
INTRODUCTION:
An echocardiographic calcium score (ECS) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. Its utility in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is unknown.
METHODS:
This cross-sectional study assessed 125 patients on PD. The ECS (range 0-8) was compared between subjects with CVD and those without.
RESULTS:
Among the subjects, 54 had CVD and 71 did not. Subjects with CVD were older (69 years vs. 56 years, P < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (81.5% vs. 45.1%, P < 0.001). They had lower diastolic blood pressure (72 mmHg vs. 81 mmHg, P < 0.001), lower phosphate (1.6 mmol/L vs. 1.9 mmol/L, P = 0.002), albumin (30 g/L vs. 32 g/L, P = 0.001), parathyroid hormone (34.4 pmol/L vs. 55.8 pmol/L, P = 0.002), total cholesterol (4.5 vs. 4.9, P = 0.047), LDL cholesterol (2.4 mmol/L vs. 2.8 mmol/L, P = 0.019) and HDL cholesterol (0.8 mmol/L vs. 1.1 mmol/L, P = 0.002). The ECS was found to be higher in subjects with CVD than in those without (2 vs. 1, P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, only DM and age were independently associated with CVD.
CONCLUSION
The ECS was significantly higher in PD patients with CVD than in those without, reflecting a higher vascular calcification burden in the former. It is a potentially useful tool to quantify vascular calcification in PD patients.
Humans
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Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging*
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Cross-Sectional Studies
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Calcium
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Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects*
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Vascular Calcification/epidemiology*
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Echocardiography