microRNAs (miRNAs) related to the recurrence and metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years have made important progress.The authors search the clinical researches related to the link between the miRNA and the recurrence and metastasis of postoperative NSCLC on PubMed.The clinical studies produced contradictory data.miRNA differentially expressed in lung cancer based on their data.Some but not all suggested that the miRNA is associated with the metastasis and recurrence of NSCLC,suggesting the miRNA could be a potential therapeutic targets for therapy of lung cancers.However,most studies are still at the screening stage,which is lack of a large group of patients,especially in random,controlled study to verify the miRNA predict recurrence transfer orientation or prognosis,which can be the direction for the practice of clinical trials in the future.

Pluripotent stem cells are type of cells that can differentiate into cells of ectoderm,mesoderm and endoderm layers.Cells isolated from developing embryos such as embryonic stem cells,embryonic germ cells,as well as cells derived from adult tissues and bone marrow and testis,have been proved to be pluripotent.Recent studies demonstrated that differentiated cells from adult could be reprogrammed to become pluripotent by genetic manipulation.The characteristics of pluripotent cells from different origins are summarized in this review,and the possible relationship between those populations is discussed.

This paper introduces the generating principle of energy correction table for digital gamma camera and elaborates a method for real-time energy correction. According to the position information of the collected events, correction cells are determined. With the correction value in four adjacent correction cells, coefficient of energy correction is worked out through bilinear interpolation. Finally, real-time energy correction for the collected events is achieved through software programming.

Otitis media with effusion (OME) was first described by Austrian otologist POLITZERZAI in 1867. The main feature is ear effusion and conductive hearing loss. However the etiology and pathogenesis of OME has not been clear up to now. It is thought that OME can be induced by upper respiratory infection,also can arise after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Presently the dysfunction of eustachian tube,infection of middle ear and allergic reaction are considered to be the major causes of OME. In recent years, more and more researches have concerned in immune response and otitis media with effusion.
Animals ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; etiology ; immunology

The habenula complex,an ancient and conservative nucleus during biological evolution, is involved in many i mportant biological functions,such as maternal behavior,pain,sleep,learning and reward.As an important node in the dopamine reward network,its functions(including the maintenance of individual survival while avoiding disadvantages)and mechanis m in the reward process have attracted wide attention.The dysfunction of habenula is closely related to many psychotic disorders,such as de-pression,schizophrenia and drug habituation.Habenula may also become a potential target for clinical treatment of these mental illnesses.So clarifying the role and neurobiological mechanisms of habenula in the central nervous system is of great theoretical and clinical value.

Objective To study the effect of the PDE5 inhibitor on noise-induced hearing loss .Methods 30 guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group ,noise exposure group and PDE5 inbibiter group(10 in each) . Two weeks after white noise exposure of 110 dB ,sildenafil (10 mg?kg -1 ?d-1 ) and NS(4 ml?kg -1 ?d-1 ) were injected into guinea pigs of PDE5 inbibiter group and the noise group respectively .One week after noise exposure four weeks continuous administration was cavried out .The ABR thresholds and the PL of wave Ⅰ were measured respectively prior to the experiment ,1 week post-noise ,1 ,2 and 4 weeks post-drugs .The changes of cochlea hair cells were also observed by light microscopy .Results The ABR threshold shifts and the PL in sildenafil group were less obvious than that of in the noise group .The number of OHCs loss was relatively stable in the normal group , while the obvious OHC loss was observed in other groups .There was significant difference among the three groups , however ,the OHC loss in the sildenafil treatment group was not significantly different from that in the noise expo‐sure (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The inhibitor of PDE5 is able to reduce the decrease of ABR thresholds shift ,shorten the extension of the PL ,and it can significantly protect against noise-induced hearing loss .

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of sildenafil on morphology to noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. METHOD: Guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group, noise exposure group and the sildenafil treatment group, 12 in each group. a week after white noise exposure of 110 dB, sildenafil (10 mg/kg x d) and NS (4 ml/kg x d) were injected into guinea pigs of the sildenafil treatment group and noise exposure group respectively for four continuous weeks. ABR thresholds were measured respectively prior to the experiment, 1 week post-noise, 1, 2 and 4 weeks post-drugs, the changes of cochlea hair cells were also observed with a scan electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope. RESULT: The ABR threshold shifts in the sildenafil treatment group were significantly fewer than that in the noise exposure group. SEM showed that hear hair of the inner and outer hair cells in noise exposure group displayed mess, fusion and imperfections. In the sildenafil treatment group, the hair cells displayed slight pathological changes, there wasn't significant differents comparied with normal group. The number of OHCs were relatively stable in the normal group, while the obvious OHC loss was observed in other groups. There was significant difference among the three groups, however, the OHC loss in the sildenafil treatment group was not significantly different to that in the noise exposure (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Sildenafil can significantly protect against noise-induced hearing loss.
Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer ; drug effects ; pathology ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; drug therapy ; Noise ; Sildenafil Citrate ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the surgical indicatin and outcome of recurrent gastric carcinoma.Methods Review the clinical data of 56 cases with recurrent gastric carcinoma underwent reoperation from 1990 to 2000.The operative indication, surgical method and complications were analized.Results In 25 cases the recurrent tumor were resected (44.6%),in 10 cases adjacent organs were resected.NO operative motality was observed.Conclusions More aggressive radical resection of the gastric cancer is the key to prevent recurrence.Laparotomy should be performed without delay once there is a suspicion of recurrence.

Objective:To draw up a scale of clinical learning environment for nursing to elevate nursing practicing.Methods:Based on the knowledge and studies of the clinical learning environment and focus group discussion with students,reliability of the scale was measured by questionnaire,using reliability and test-retest correlation to evaluate the reliability of the scale.Result:Both the reliability and the test-retest correlation coefficient were more than 0.7(P