OBJECTIVE:To probe into the economic reasons accountable for government's failure in compulsive drug pricing and put forward the countermeasure on how to strengthen the effect of compulsive pricing of the government.METHODS:Economic model was applied in the deduction and demonstration.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Government's failure in setting compulsive drug prices is rooted from the imperfect pricing system.To strengthen the effect of governmental drug pricing,it is necessary to establish some supporting measures such as to tighten control on drug recommenders,shift from governmental compulsive pricing to governmental authorization to avoid excessive competition,and give reasonable compensations for special drug manufacturers etc.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the reasons of false drug advertisement,and to suggest the countermeasures against it.METHODS:The reasons of false drug advertisement were analyzed by using the knowledge of law,governmental admin?istration and economy.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The countermeasures against false drug advertisement were suggested.Firstly,the regulations on defining false drug advertisement should be improved.The legal responsibilities should be specified and the punishment on the violators should be more severe.Secondly,the government should strengthen the law enforcement,and establish the credibility system and regulation for claim.Thirdly,the pharmaceutical enterprises should be self-disci?plined,and improve their professional credibility.Fourthly,the governmental departments of business administration should take a strict control on awarding advertisement license to the media.Last but not the least,the consumers should improve their common medical knowledge.

Objective To investigate the adverse effect of chronic fluorosis on the testicular structure of rats testis and the antagonism of taurine-zinc. Methods 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 in each) and treated with fluoride and taurine-zinc through drinking water: control, low fluorine (LF, 100 mg NaF/L), high fluorine (HF, 200 mg NaF/L), low fluorine plus Zn(LF+Zn), high fluorine plus Zn (HF+Zn). After 5 months of fluoride treated, the rats in LF+Zn and HF+Zn groups were given taurine-zinc (0.34 g/L) by added in the drinking water for another month. Six months later, the testicle structure in all groups was examined under the microscope. Results In LF group, the loosened testicular gland and interstitial edema were seen. In HF group, primary spermatocyte became smaller and sperm head disappeared. However, in LF+Zn and HF+Zn groups there were no so significant damages, the changes were similar to normal testis. Conclusion Chronic fluorosis can cause testis damage and taurine-zinc presents a obvious antagonism in rats.

Objective To explore the efficacy of closed reduction with cannlated compression screws for the treatment of elderly paitents with intertrochanteric fracture.Methods From April 2002 to July 2006,guided by a C-arm X-ray system,58 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated by closed reduction with cannlated compression screws.Results The mean operation time was 55 minutes(40 to 70 minutes),and the mean blood loss was 35 ml(30 to 40).The patients were discharged from hospital in 3 to 10 days after the operation(mean,6.5 days).All of the 58 patients were cured.According to criteria for evaluating the outcomes of intertrochantenic fracture,28 cases were excellent,25 were good,3 were fair,and 2 were poor.The Rate of excellent and good outcomes was 91.4%(53/58).Conclusion Closed reduction with cannlated compression screws is effective for elderly paitents with intertrochanteric fracture.

Objective: To study pharmacokinetics of lidocaine during superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) combined with topical anesthesia to endotracheal mucosa by thyrocricocentesis(TCC). Method: Eight patients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade)scheduled for general anesthesia and operation were performed bilateral SLNB with 2% lidocaine 2mg/kg and TCC with 5 % lidocaine 2mg/kg within 1 min,The internal jugular venous blood samples were taken at 1,5,10,20,30, 60,120 and 180 minutes after lidocaine administrations to determine lidocaine serum concentrations using a fluoresence polarization immunoassy. Pharmacokinetics were calculated with a procedure (3p87) by computer. Result: The pharmacokinetics could be described as two-compartment model. Absorption rates of lidocaine were fast,values of t_(1/2) Ka and Tpeak were 5.0?2.5 min and 7.5?2.1 min respectively。Maximal concentrations (Cmax) of lidocaine were 3.8?0. 6?g/ml, which were within safety ranges. Conclusion: It may be safe that 2% lidccaine 2mg/kg superior laryngeal nerve block is combined with 5% lidocaine 2mg/kg topical anesthesia to endotracheal mucosa by thyrocricocentesis.

Objective To explore the total anti-oxidation capacity(T-AOC), superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and nitric oxide(NO) in testis homogenate of the rats’ with chronic fluorosis induced by drinking NaF solutions with different concentration. Methods 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (8 rats per group) including control group, low-fluoride(LF) group, high-fluoride(HF) group, which were exposed to fluoride by means of freely drinking tap water containing NaF with 0, 100 and 200 mg/L respectively for 20 weeks. T-AOC, NOS activities and SOD activity of the testis tissue were determined by colorimetry , xanthine oxidase method and nitrate reductase method respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the T-AOC of the testis tissue increased significantly in LF group and decreased significantly in HF group. SOD activity of the testis tissue showed on significant difference among the control group, LF group and HF group . Compared with the control group, the levels of NOS and NO decreased significantly in LF group and increased significantly in HF group. Conclusion The T-AOC of the testis tissue exposed to low level of fluoride presents a compensatory increase induced by the inhibited activity of NOS and synthesis of NO. Higher level of fluoride may increase reactive oxygen species(ROS), and cause abnormal expression of induce nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and increased synthesis of NO in the testis tissue.

As a special service,blood donation has special requirements for the ethics of blood donors,which is different from the professional ethics of ordinary employees or the social ethics of the general public.The present ethical status of blood donors calls for a new way of effectively cultivating the ethics of blood donors.

Early lymph node metastasis is a common clinical phenomenon in many human cancers, which is associated with both aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Clearly, treatments to specifically block dissemination through the lymphatic network would be desirable either as independent therapies or as adjuncts to existing chemotherapy. At the present stage the target vessels for invasion by lymph-metastasizing tumor cells include preexisting tissue lymphatics abutting the tumor mass through either coincidence or mutual chemoattraction, as well as new lymphatic vessels that proliferate either within or around the tumor as a result of lymphangiogenesis. The lymphangiogenesis is regulated primarily by the lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D generated by tumor cells or host cells including tissue macrophages. Nevertheless, it remains controversial as to whether this metastasis-enhancing effect simply results from an increase of the number of target vessels due to mitogenesis or from other properties of the newly dividing tumor lymphatics.

Objective To investigate the clinical values and characteristics of whole body bone ima-ging (SPECT/CT)in detecting bone metastases in the preoperative patients with lung adenocarcinoma or squa-mous cell carcinoma for staging and determining the best treatment plan.Methods Eighty-two preoperative patients with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma performed 99 Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT whole-body bone imaging.One week before surgery,parts of positive lesions performed MRI scan.The differ-ence of the incidence of bone metastasis was analysed by χ2 test.Results In all 82 patients with lung cancer, there were 38 adenocarcinomas and 44 squamous cell carcinomas.Bone metastases were detected in 38 cases, the incidence rate was 46.3%.Of which,among lung adenocarcinoma,the incidence rate was 57.9% (22 /38),and the incidence rate was 36.4% (1 6 /44)in lung squamous cell carcinoma,and the difference was sta-tistically significant (χ2 =1 2.66,P =0.027).The most common area was bilateral ribs,followed by vertebra, pelvis,bones of the extremities and skull.Conclusion Lung adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell carcinoma is prone to bone metastases,and bone metastases are more common in bilateral ribs.It has important value that whole body bone imaging in screening for bone metastases of pre-operative patients with lung cancer for staging and making the treatment plan.

Objective To study the protection effect of acupuncture at acupoint ST 36 in rat with cold-restrainted stress-induced ulcer,and to observe the expression of NOS in hypothalamus and adrenal. Methods Ulcer Index in rats was used to study the protection effect of acupuncture, and and RT-PCR was employed to study the expression of NOS in hypothalamus and adrenal. Images were analyzed with semi-quantitative method. Results The ulcer Index was significantly decreased in rats with stress-induced ulcer by acupuncture as indicated by a comparison with those without acupuncture. The expression of NOS1 in hypothalamus was increased by acupuncture protect stress-induced ulcer. The increased expression of NOS2 was involved in stress-induced ulcer, and acupuncture decreased its expression. The expression of NOS3 in hypothalamus had the similar reaction to NOS2, but the decreased effect of acupuncture was limited. The expression of NOS1 and NOS3 in adrenal were increased by cold stress, only the expression of NOS1 could be repressed with acupuncture. There was no NOS2 expression in adrenal in stress-induced ulcer rats. Conclusion The protection effect in stress-induced ulcer exerted by acupuncture at acupoint ST 36 were mediated by increase of the physiological expression of NOS1 in hypothalamus as well as decrease of the expression of NOS2,NOS3 in hypothalamus and repress of the expression of NOS1 in adsenal.