Objective To investigate the changes of extravaacular lung water during the perioperative period of orthotopic liver trans-plantation. Methods 24 consecutive patients with end-stage fiver disease undergoing orthotopie liver transplantation (OLT) were studied. In all patients a 5 French fiberoptic catheter with a thermistor was placed in the brachial artery and connected to the PiCCO system. Extravascular lung water (EVLW) and intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV) were monitored. After induction of anesthesia and achievement of stable hemodynamic and respiratory conditions, the baseline values of hemedynamic data, ITBV and EVLW were recorded. The patients were studied during the anhepatic stage, the Ist hour and 2nd hours after reperfusion of the graft. Final measurements of all the values were immediately determined after operation. Results EVLW remained statistically unchanged during the whole study period in all patients though all of them were increased, compared to normal values. EVWL was positively correlated with ITBV (r = 0. 822, P < 0. 05). Conclusion The changes of EVLW during perioperative period of orthotopic fiver transplantation were very little. Circulative volume overload may be perhaps the most important cause of the increase of EVLW.

As teaching overseas students have its particularity,we made efforts to investigate laboratory teaching of pathology.Beneficial progresses on language,teaching preparation and teaching skills were made to improve our work.In the practice,we gained some enlightenments and experiences.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of different administration of dexamethasone in the treatment of se-cretory otitis media. METHODS:Data of 92 patients with secretory otitis media was retrospectively collected and divided into ob-servation group(43 cases)and control group(49 cases)by different administration. Observation group received 5 mg Dexametha-sone injection by injection in the eustachian tube in the assisted by video laryngoscope,once every 2 day. Control group received 5 mg Dexamethasone injection by injection in the eustachian tube,once every 2 day. 7-day was regarded as 1 treatment course. 1 more course for uncured patients,and no more than 4 courses. Clinical efficacy,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10 levels before and after treatment,and 1-year cumulative recurrence rate after cured and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was signifi-cantly higher than control group,1-year cumulative recurrence rate after cured was significantly lower than control group,the dif-ferences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in TNF-α,CRP,IL-6 and IL-10 levels between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,TNF-α and IL-6 level in 2 groups were significantly lower than before, and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);there were no signifi-cant differences in CRP and IL-10 between 2 groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of dexamethasone by injection in the eustachian tube in the assisted by electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscopy is superior to auripuncture administration,it can reduce re-currence rate,with good safety.

Objective To develop a scientific system of core information of health and evaluation index for the elderly Chinese people,which is suitable for the situation of our country.Methods The framework was established by extensive literature review and topic discussions.The index system was constructed with the Delphi method.Results 58 experts in different fields of health were selected in the two rounds of Delphi consultation research.The effective response rates in the two rounds were 96.88％ and 100％ respectively.The average value of the authoritative coefficient was between 0.80 and 0.96.And coefficients of variation were between 6.20 and 12.13.Based on the Delphi consultation research,the core information of health and evaluation index system for the elderly Chinese people were composed of 8 primary indicators closely associated with the positive awareness of aging and senescence and 31 other indicators.Conclusions The architecture of the core information of health and evaluation index system for the elderly Chinese people is stable,and the consultant experts tend to reach a consensus.The evaluation index system contains the most influential factors for the elderly Chinese people,and has the affirmative scientificity,applicability and feasibility.

Objective To explore the effect of apolipoprotein E deficiency on astrocyte destruction in the ex vivo spinal cord slice model. Methods Vibratome-cut transverse spinal cord slices from C57BL/6 postnatal day 7 ApoE -/-mice and wild-type mice were cultured on transwell porous supports. After 7 days in the culture , spinal cord slices were exposed to LPS for 5 days. The expression of AQP4, GFAP and Iba1 was detected by immunofluorescence. The concentration of TNF-α and NO were detected by ELISA and method of nitrate reductase, respectively. Results Marked loss of AQP4 and GFAP staining were shown in LPS-affected groups, not in the control group, and the lesion score was higher in ApoE-/-group than WT-group (P<0.05). In addition, the expression of Iba1 and concentration of TNF-α, NO in the LPS-affected groups were more than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and they were higher in the ApoE-/-LPS group than the WT-LPS group (P < 0.05). Conclusions ApoE deficiency exacerbates astrocyte injury, likely through promoting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from microglia.

Objective To determine the serum levels of miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221 in type 2 diabetes (T2DM)patients with or without microvascular complications,and further evaluate their clinical significance.Methods The serum levels of miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221were examined in 55 T2DM patients,55 T2DM patients with microvascular complications and 5 5 healthy controls using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).The levels of fasting blood glucose,triglycerides,choles-terol,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein and others biochemical parameters were determined by biochemical an-alyzer,and the diagnostic usefulness of the three miRNAs for T2DM patients and patients with microvascular complications were assessed by ROC curve analysis and logistic regression analysis.Results Compared with healthy controls [miR-1 6 (14.35±1.00)×10-5 ,miR-126(11.75±1.47)×10-5 and miR-221(32.26±3.98)×10-5 ],the miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221 expression were significantly increased in T2DM patients [miR-16(23.74±2.70)×10-5,miR-126(25.01±4.13)× 10-5 and miR-221(84.76±11.79)×10-5 ]and T2DM patients with microvascular complications [miR-16(43.74±9.61)× 10-5 ,miR-126(17.66±2.20)×10-5 and miR-221(82.52±12.48)×10-5 ].The area under ROC curve (AUCROC)of miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221 for T2DM patients were 0.63 (95%CI 0.53~0.74),0.64 (95%CI 0.54~0.74)and 0.74 (95%CI 0.65~0.83),respectively.For T2DM patients with microvascular complications,the area under ROC curve were 0.75 (95%CI 0.66~0.84),0.62 (95%CI 0.52~0.73)and 0.73 (95%CI 0.64~0.83),respectively.Furthermore,logistic re-gression revealed that the three miRNAs were novel independent risk factors for T2DM and T2DMC.Conclusion The levels of miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221 were significantly increased in the serum of T2DM patients with or without microvascular complications,and can be used as potential non-invasive biomarkers and risk factors for T2DM patients and T2DM patients with microvascular complications.

Aim To investigate the effect of flavonoids from Prinsepia utilis Royle( FPR) on the histomorphol-ogy of kidney in diabetic mice, and to investigate its protective mechanism. Methods Diabetic mice in-duced by alloxan were given FPR orally each day for four weeks. After the administration for two and four weeks, ten mice in each group were randomly sacri-ficed. The kidneys were removed and weighed. The extracted renal tissue was embedded with paraffin and sectioned, the sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)、Periodic acid Schiff(PAS) and Go-mori, and then observed under the microscopy. 1mm3 of renal cortex fixed with glutaral in four centi-degree , and then the ultrastructure of each group was observed under the electron microscope respectively after four weeks′ treatment. Results Compared with the model control group, in the treatment group, observation un-der the microscopy showed that glomerular volume and mesangial cells reduced, FPR could relieve thickening of the glomerular basement membrane ( GBM ) , little inflammatory cells infiltrated in the interstitium,tubular epithelial cells almost became normal, renal tubule had little glucogen, fiber decreased in the interstitium of renal tubule. Observation under the electron micro-scope indicated that foot process in podocytes lined up in order, mitochondria of the renal tubule’ s epithelial cell almost recovered. Conclusion FPR can relieve the changes of renal pathology,improve renal function, and delay the progression of pathologic changes of kid-ney in diabetic mice partly through reducing the blood glucose and the blood lipid.

Objective To detect altered levels and clinical significance of serum miR-216a and prognosis monitoring in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients.Methods Serum miR-216a levels were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay among 80 mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) patients,80 severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients and 74 healthy controls.And amylase (AMY),lipase (LPS),Ca2+,glucose (Glu),hematocrit (HCT),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC) and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured by biochemical analyzer.The clinical usefulness of miR-216a for AP patients was assessed by ROC curve analysis and correlation analysis.Results Compared with healthy controls (11.12 × 10-5 [5.83 × 10-5,19.12 × 10-5],the serum miR216a levels were significantly increased in AP patients(38.49 × 10-5 [24.05 × 10-5,62.02 × 10-5],(U =-9.10,P ＜ 0.01) . The serum miR-216a levels in MAP and SAP patients were (36.46 × 10-5 [22.29 × 10-5,55.80 × 10-5] vs 40.44 × 10-5 [25.84 × 10-5,65.48 × 10-5]),there was no significant difference between MAP and SAP patients (U =-0.96,P ＞ 0.05).The areas under ROC curve (AUCROC) of miR-216a for differential healthy controls and AP patients was 0.870 (95％ CI:0.825-0.915),cut-off value is 0.61.AUCROC of miR-216a for differential healthy controls and MAP patients was 0.865 (95％ CI:0.808-0.921),cut-off value is 0.59.And AUCROC of miR-216a for differential healthy controls and SAP patients was 0.876 (95％ CI:0.822-0.930),cut-off value is 0.66.Moreover,after the clinical improvement of the patients,the levels of serum miR-216a were significantly lowered from (41.88 × 10-5 [24.24 × 10-s,64.44 × 10-5]) to (20.58 × 10-5 [11.01 × 10-5,41.91 × 10-5]),the differences was significant(U =5.24,P ＜ 0.0l).Correlation analysis showed that miR-216a was positively correlated with CRP (r =0.215,P =0.006) in AP patients.Conclusion The levels of miR-216a in serum of AP patients were increased,which is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of AP.

Purpose To explore the role of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) dysfunction in the pathogenesis of depression and its relationship with the clinical features of depression by analyzing the effective connection among the inner areas of PCC of patients in depression.Materials and Methods The spectral dynamic causal model (spDCM) was used to analyze the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the PCC inner areas Brodmann area (BA) 23,BA29,BA30,BA31 in the major depressive disorder group (MDD,n=23) and healthy control group (HC,n=36).Results Compared with HC group,the strength of BA30 self-connection of MDD group existed significant difference (t=2.53,P＜0.05).In MDD group,the connection of BA23 toward BA31 had abnormal activation,and the abnormal inhibition occurred in BA23 toward BA30;compared with HC group and after a＜0.05 Hz correction,there were significant differences in the bi-directional connections for BA23 and BA31,BA39 and BA31,BA30 and BA31,and in the unidirectional connections for BA23 to BA31,BA30 to BA23,BA30 to BA29 in MDD group.Conelusion The effective connection and connective nodes and edges in the inner areas of PCC in the depression disorder patients were abnormal.

Objective To investigate the effects of a novel |3 titanium fixation with high strength and low elastic modulus on bone healing of osteoporotic fracture and its effects on stress shielding.Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were oophorectomized before establishment of femur fracture model.The fracture of left femur was stabilized by titanium alloy pin with high elastic modulus (110 Gpa,high elasticity modulus group) and the fracture of right femur by titanium alloy pin with low elastic modu-lus (30 Gpa, low elasticity modulus group).Six and 12 weeks later, the bone volume (BV) , total vol-ume (TV) and bone volume fraction (BVF) were detected by Micro-CT, and the maximum load was de-tected by biomechanical test.The effects of two titanium alloy pins on formation of bony calluses and me-chanical properties of bones were compared.Results Compared with the low elasticity modulus group, more collagen and bony callus, thicker bone trabeculae and more regular lamellar bone were found in the high elasticity modulus group.In low elasticity modulus group, TV (ROI1) was increased obvious-ly at week 6, with no statistical differences in BV (ROI 1), BV (ROI 2) and maximum load between two groups (P < 0.05).TV and BV in region ROI 1 in the low elasticity modulus group were significantly higher than that in high elasticity modulus group (P < 0.05) , while BV in region ROI 2 in low elasticity modulus group was significantly higher than that in high elasticity modulus group at week 12 postoperative-ly (P<0.05).Biomechnical test indicated that the maximum load in low elasticity modulus group was higher than that in high elasticity modulus group.Conclusions The novel B titanium alloy with high strength and low elastic modulus helps reduce effects of stress shielding, diminish bone resorption, in-crease the fibrous callus formation at the initial phase and improve the quality of bone healing at the later phase.