OBJECTIVE To investigate hand hygiene of healthcare workers in burn ward in our hospital and provide scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of hospital infection in burn ward.METHODS Selected randomly 30 healthcare workers in burn ward and sampled from hands for bacterial culture.RESULTS The average colony of hand pathogens of the 30 healthcare workers was 105.42 CFU/cm2,the maximam was 1093 CFU/cm2.Among the hand pathogens,40.91% were Bacillus subtilis,36.36% were micrococcus and 13.64% were Staphylococcus aureus.CONCLUSIONS Hand hygiene of healthcare workers are not optimistic in burn ward.Strengthening the education of hand hygiene and raising the executable rate of hand hygiene are important measures to prevent and control the hospital infection in burn ward.

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is an aggressive infection associated with high mortality. Various complications have been described in previous literature. However, internal jugular vein thrombosis is rare in such lesions. We presented a case of internal jugular vein thrombosis caused by CNF and analyzed related literature.
Fasciitis, Necrotizing ; complications ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Neck ; Venous Thrombosis ; etiology

Objective To investigate and analyze the dwarf reasons for children in the area of Huai'an city,Jiangsu province.Methods A retrospective analysis of 92 cases of children with short stature in our hospital in recent 5 years had been made.Results The dwarf reasons for the 92 cases of undersized children were:lack of growth hormone (53.3％),physical sexual puberty delay (16.3％),hypothyroidism (9.8％),turner syndrome (7.6％),nanosoma essentialis (5.4％),familial short stature (4.3％),intrauterine growth retardation (2.2％)and glycogen storage disease type Ⅰ (1.1％).Conclusion The main dwarf reasons for children were growth hormone deficiency and physical sexual puberty delay,and medical treatment should be used as soon as possible.

PurposeTo measure the areas and diameter lines of bronchi at acute exacerbation and at remission period in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using CT, and to explore the correlation between the two periods and evaluate the comprehensive assessment in diagnosing COPD exacerbation.Materials and Methods Fifty-two COPD patients were scanned with 64-row spiral CT on chest and PFT at acute exacerbation and at remission period. The areas and diameter lines of apical segmental and the sub-segmental bronchi of the right upper lobe in the patients were measured at the two periods, including indicators such as wall thickness (WT), thickness-diameter ratio (TDR), wall area (WA), percentage of wall area (WA%). The differences of those indicators at the two periods were compared with such factors of COPD comprehensive assessment as forced expiratory volume at the first second% (FEV1%), percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), COPD assessment test (CAT), modified medical research council questionnaire (mMRC) for assessing the severity of breathlessness, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD). Results The patients had significant differences between acute exacerbation period and remission period in the indicators of COPD comprehensive assessment like FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, CAT, mMRC and 6MWD (t=-4.119,-2.583, 4.012, 3.321 and-3.892,P<0.05). Compared with those at remission period, the WT, TDR, WA and WA% of sub-segmental bronchi were all higher at acute exacerbation period (t=3.025, 2.341, 2.204 and 2.124, P<0.05); only TDR of segmental bronchi showed significant difference between the two periods (t=2.990,P<0.05). The correlation of sub-segmental bronchi with FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, CAT, mMRC and 6MWD was more significant than that of segmental bronchi with those indicators at the two periods.Conclusion The COPD comprehensive assessment can help diagnose COPD at acute exacerbation period; MSCT shows the remodeling of segmental and sub-segmental bronchi and the changes on the airway wall, and the quantitative measurement of sub-segmental bronchi has correlation with the differences of indicators in the comprehensive assessment; COPD comprehensive assessment seems to be more valuable than PFT in the estimation of COPD at acute exacerbation.

Objective To reveal the geographical distribution regularity of the normal reference value of old female’s hemoglobin in China,and provide scientific basis for making its unified standards.Methods The normal reference values of 15 690 examples of old female’s hematocrit by the method of hemoglobin cyanide(HiCN)and five geographical factors in 157 areas in China,its distribution regularity and the complex relationship characteristic between geography environment elements were analyzed with the methods of factor analysis,spatial analysis of GIS and correlation analysis.Results By the method of factor analysis,the five factors of geography environment were combined into two common factors F1and F2;the original data was replaced with its scores to infer the regression equation :y^=127.9-0.01009F1-0.01543F2?8.8.And this equation was used to figure out the reference value of 1 288 observation points in China.With support of the model of spatial analysis of GIS,the distribution regulation of old female’s hemoglobin reference value in China and its distribution regularity was west-higher,east-lower,north-higher and south-lower.Conclusion If some area’s altitude(X1),sunshine hours yearly(X2),mean relative humidity yearly(X3),mean temperature yearly(X4),precipitation yearly(X5) are known,this place’s reference value of hemoglobin can be calculated out by using this equation.The reference value of hemoglobin in any areas in China can be gotten from the trend distribution regularity map.

Objective:To investigate effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in kidneys of Type 1 diabetic rats.Methods:Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:A normal control (NC) group,a diabetes mellitus (DM) group,a NaHS (NaHS+DM) group,and a NaHS control (NaHS) group (n=8 per group).Type 1 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg).After successful establishment of models,the rats in NaHS+DM and NaHS groups were injected with NaHS solution (56 μmol/kg) intraperitoneally.Eight weeks later,the activities of total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) and iNOS,as well as the level of nitric oxide (NO) were detected in serum and renal tissues,respectively,The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was determined in renal tissues,The ultrastructures of renal tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope,The protein expression ofiNOS in renal tissues was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the NC group,there was no significant difference in the various indexes in the NaHS group (P＞0.05).However,in the DM group,the activities of T-NOS and iNOS,and the level of NO were all increased significantly in serum and renal tissues,while the activity of GSH-Px was decreased in renal tissues.Under the electronic microscope,the thickening of the glomerular capillary basement membrane,the proliferation of mesangial matrix,and the foot fusion were observed.The protein expression ofiNOS was increased obviously in renal tissues in the DM group (P＜0.01).Compared with the DM group,the activities of T-NOS and iNOS and the level of NO were all decreased in serum and renal tissues,while the activity of GSH-Px was increased in renal tissues in the NaHS+DM group (P＜0.01).The renal ultrastructural damages were ameliorated obviously.The protein expression ofiNOS was decreased significantly (P＜0.01).Conclusion:H2S exerts a protective effect on kidney injury in type 1 diabetic rats.The mechanism might be related to inhibition of iNOS activity and protein expression,in turn leading to reduction of NO content in renal tissues.

OBJECTIVE: Chengde is a city with many corneal blindness patients In north China. Lacking of corneas donation is the main reason which prevents corneal transplantation. Survey was made by questionnaire in Chengde to evaluate the current situation and the influential factors of corneal donation.METHODS: Survey was made in 3 200 Chengde residents aged 18 years or older, includes outpatients and inpatients of ophthalmology, some undergraduate students and people met accidentally in park, supermarket, station and centre for elders.48.6% are male and 51.4% are female. Self-made questionnaire includes general state, questions about cornea donation and factors influencing cornea donation.RESULTS: Among 3 200 questionnaires, 2 971 were valid. The effective rate was 92.84%. Over 50% people support donating cornea. More than 40% people intend to donate their corneas and support their relatives to donate. Among the factors for not intending to donate cornea, lacking knowledge of cornea donation was the main reason accounting for 42.81%, and worrying about the misusage of donating cornea without corresponding law became the second factor, which accounting for 21.07%. It has no influence on the consciousness of cornea donation by the difference of sex and location between city and countryside.Whereasfession and level of education indeed influence the consciousness of cornea donation, which of the people from 18 to 40 years old was greater than those of over 40, medical workers was greater than those from other fields, the people graduating from secondary specialized school or higher was greater than those graduating under secondary specialized school.CONCLUSION: People in Chengde have a positive attitude towards cornea donation. It is very necessary to enhance the education of cornea donation, establish an easy and smooth way for donation may promote cornea donating. Consummate legislation is also needed for cornea donation.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of low tube voltage (80 kV)with low concentration contrast medium iodixanol (270 mg I/mL)in cerebral perfusion using 640-slice volume CT.Methods Patients who underwent CT cerebral perfusion were randomly divided into two groups.Group A:100 kV,320 mg I/mL contrast medium;group B:80 kV,270 mg I/mL contrast medium.The effective dose(ED)was record,the frontal cortex,temporal cortex and occipital cortex were selected as regions of interest(ROI),and the cerebral perfusion parameters (rCBV,rCBF,MTT,TTP)were measured separately.The CT value of the M1 segment of cerebral middle artery, the C7 segment of internal carotid artery,the basilar artery and the surrounding brain tissue were measured.The signal-to-noise radio (SNR)and the contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of two groups were compared and analyzed.All data will be statistically analyzed,and the consistency of two physicians for image quality evaluation was analyzed by Kappa analysis.Results The ED of group B was 4.56 mSv, which was reduced by 35.2% compared to group A(7.04 mSv).The perfusion parameters,the CT value of ROI and the SNR,CNR for two groups were of no statistical difference(P>0.05).Conclusion The feasibility of low tube voltage combined with low concentration contrast media is better,which not only meets the requirements of clinical diagnosis,but also reduces the radiation dose and the probability of contrast induced nephropathy.

Abstract In order to achieve the goal of reducing the smoking rate among Chinese adults at ages of 15 years and above to below 20% by 2030, smoking cessation services require to be reinforced. The current Chinese smoking cessation service system includes short-term smoking cessation interventions and smoking cessation hotlines at the population level, and smoking cessation clinics at the individual level; however, these smoking cessation services suffer from problems of low awareness, low accessibility and low utilization rate. Based on the publications pertaining to smoking cessation services and released policy documents in China until June 2022, this review analyzes the current status, problems and causes of smoking cessation services, and proposes suggestions for improving the smoking cessation service system construction in China.

Objective To analyze the incidence trends and epidemiological characteristics of natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in Zibo City between 2004 and 2015,and to provide evidence for control and prevention of the diseases.Method Surveillance data of natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in Zibo City between 2004 and 2015 from the National Disease Reporting Information System were analyzed via descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 10 natural foci and vector borne infectious diseases and 3 287 cases including 55 death cases were reported in Zibo City from 2004 to 2015.The average annual incidence was 6.24/100 000 and the case fatality rate was 1.67％ (55/3 287).The incidence rate increased in recent years after the lowest rate in 2009 (2.83/100 000),and the rate in 2015 was 8.83/100 000.The top three diseases with higher incidence were hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (3.44/100 000),brucellosis (1.48/100 000) and tsutsugamushi fever (0.53/100 000).The top three high-prevalence areas with higher incidence were Yiyuan County (13.22/100 000),Zichuan District (9.73/100 000) and Boshan District (6.13/100 000).The cases mainly occurred from March to May and September,October,which accounting for 27.47％ (903/3 287) and 24.64％ (810/3 287),respectively of the total.The 40-59 year-oldage group was the highest,accounting for 48.13％ (1 582/3 287)of the total.And 75.48％ (2 481/3 287) of reported cases were farmers.Conclusions The overall incidence of the natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in Zibo City has a annual increasing trend in recent years,while the incidence of brucellosis and tsutsugamushi fever have continued to rise since 2004.These diseases have showed a significant seasonal distribution and population distribution.It is necessary to conduct targeted prevention and control strategies.