OBJECTIVE:To explore the effective way to cultivate Chinese postgraduates majored in clinical pharmacy.ME-THODS:We reviewed the development history of clinical pharmacy in China and analyzed the approaches to cultivate Chinese postgraduates majored in clinical pharmacy by referring to the successful experience from abroad and taking into consideration of the clinical needs.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The goal of cultivating postgraduates majored in clinical pharmacy with both scientific research ability and clinical practice ability could be achieved only through clarification of the cultivation goal,optimization of sources of students,specialization of subjects,reasonable arrangement of cultivating contents and schedule.

Objective To study the expressions of HER2 and p16 in human endomctrial carcino-ms,and the relation with FIGO stage,cell differentiated degree.Methods Endometrial cancer was 46 cas-es,atypical hyperplasia was 10 cases,endometrial hyperplasia was 10 cases,normal endometrium was 20cases.The immunohistochemical S-P methods were used to detect the expression of HER2 and p16.Results The expression ofHER2in endometrial cancerwasmuch higherthan others(P＜0.01),moreover,the expression was increased with the increase of clinical stages(P ＜ 0.05) and the decrease of differentiated degree(P ＜ 0.05). The expression of p 16 in endometrial cancer was lower than others (P ＜ 0.05 ), and the expres-sion was reduced with the increase of clinical stages(P ＜ 0.01 ) and the decrease of differentiated degree(P ＜0.05).There was negative correlation between expression of HER2 and p16 in uterine endometrial cancer(r ＝ -0.4213, P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions The expression of HER2 and p16 in endometrial cancer is associat-ed with the biological behavior of endometrial cancer. HER2 and p16 may be used as objective predictable indicators of endometrial cancer to guide the postoperative treatment.

Objective To determine the optimum administration modality of netilmicin (NTM) by comparing the blood concentration, bactericidal activity, clinical effect and adverse reactions at two different regimen. MethodSerum concentration was determined by TDx (Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassy Technology). Serum bactericidal activity (SBA) was determined by microdilution method. ResultAll trough concentrations were

Objective To investigate the effect of aminophylline and pentoxyverine on serum CRP, monocyte chemotaxis protein 1(MCP-1) and serum immune factors in elderly patients with sleep apnea syndrome .Methods 112 elderly patients with apnea syndrome were divided into the control group and the experiment group by order of medical treatment and 56 cases in each group.The control group were treated by rosiglitazone hydrochloride tablets and bay three ramie snore capsule and the experiment group were treated on the control group with Aminophylline Tablets and Pentoxyverine Citrate Tablets.Follow up 3 months, the CRP, MCP-1,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-8 and IL-10 were tested and compared.Results Compared with the control group after treatment, the CRP,MCP-1,IFN-γand IL-8 level were lower(P <0.05),the IL-4 and IL-10 level were higher(P <0.05).Conclusion Aminophylline and pentoxyverine can be effective in treatment of elderly patients with apnea syndrome and its complications , suggesting that the mechanism may be related to reduce the patients serum CRP, MCP-1, IL-8 and IFNγ-levels, is related to the increasing of the levels of IL-4, IL-10.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the sensitivity to vancomycin of Enterococcus in clinic and the genotype and homology of glycopeptides-resistant strains.METHODS The sensitivity to vancomycin in 72 enterococci strains was detected with agar dilution;the existence of vanA,vanB,vanC1 and vanC2 in enterococci was detected by PCR and ERIC-PCR.RESULTS More than 50% of enterococci intermediated to vancomycin were resistant to other antimicrobial agents commonly used in clinic,except for teicoplanin and linezolid.Gene of vanC2 was present in two strains,but none with vanA and vanB.The ten strains of enterococci intermediated to vancomycin were divided into eight types,in which type A(3 strains) was isolated from the same hospital.CONCLUSIONS Multidrug resistance is observed in enterococci resistant to vancomycin,which are sensitive to teicoplanin and linezolid.Gene of vanC2 is found in some of them,suggesting clone transmission happen among strains.

Objective To study the effect of Tongbiding freezing-dryied powder for injection on the function of WDR neuron of spinal cord in living rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI),and clarify its analgesia mechanism in spinal cord center,and further explore whether it has the drug dependence at the cellular level. Methods Electricity physiology extracellular recording technique was used ,in the CCI living rat's expanded spinal cord waist stage the electricity activity of identical WDR neuron cells was recorded before and after administration of 20 mg?kg-1 Tongbiding. The electric discharge number of C response was observed before and 2,4,8,10 min after administration. The spontaneous electric discharge number. was observed before and 1,2,4,6 min after administration; wind-up phenomenon was also observed.Results The electric discharge number of C response was obtained in 8 WDR neurons,three were significant differences of the mean electric discharge number of C response between 2,4,8 min after administration and before administration (P

Background and purpose:Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Fas-670 G>A and Fasl-844 T>C polymorphisms were associated with the risk of lung cancer.Methods:Data from 400 lung cancer patients with speciifc histological diagnosis were collected from 2010 to 2015. Meanwhile, data from matched healthy controls with the same gender and ±5 years were also collected. The genotypes of Fas-670 G>A and Fasl-844 T>C polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan lfuorescent probe method, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software.Results:A total number of 386 cases and 394 controls were successfully genotyped. Compared with AA genotypeofFasgene, the GA and GG genotype carriers had no signiifcantly increased risk of lung cancer.The OR values were 1.05 (95%CI: 0.77-1.44) and 0.77 (95%CI: 0.81-1.99) respectively. Compared with TT genotype ofFasl gene, the CT and CC genotype carriers had signiifcantly increased risk of lung cancer. The OR values were 1.37 (95%CI: 1.01-1.86) and 1.74 (95%CI: 1.09-2.77), respectively. Conclusion:Fasl-844 T>C polymorphism may be involved in lung cancer risk but not Fas-670 G>A polymorphism.

Objective: To isolate and purify the polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis, and analyze its structure. Methods:Cordyceps sinensis was cultured by a liquid fermentation method. A water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation method was applied to ex-tract polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor (EPS) and polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis mycelium (IPS). Sephadex gel chromatography was applied to isolate and purify the polysaccharide. The purity and relative molecular weight of the poly-saccharide were determined by a gel filtration method. The monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide was identified by GC. The content of uronic acid was analyzed by sulfuric acid carbazole method. Results: The analysis results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 78kDa. The content of polysaccharide and uronic acid was 94. 8% and 6. 0%, respectively. EPS was composed of mannose,glucose and galactose with the molar ratio of 4. 5∶8. 0∶1. 0. The molecular weight of IPS was 42kDa. The content of polysac-charide and uronic acid was 92. 5% and 4. 5%, respectively. IPS was composed of mannose,glucose and galactose with the molar ratio of 2. 8∶3. 0∶1. 0. Conclusion:Both polysaccharide EPS and IPS in Cordyceps sinensis are heteropolysaccharide.

Objective To analyze the hemodynamic characteristics in patients with iron deficiency anemia(IDA) using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography(TCD),and to discuss the diagnostic value of it.Methods There were 46 patients with IDA,among them 28 patients had moderate or severe anemia,and 18 patients had mild anemia.Hemodynamic changes in patients were observed with TCD,and compared with 40 case healthy controls. Results In addition to 3 case results of TCD were normal,the increase of velocity were found in the others patients.The cerenbral blood flow velocity of the moderate or severe anemia group were significantly higher than that of the mild anemia group(P<0.05),and these were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).The pulsatility index of the moderate or severe anemia group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).2 case artery stenosis in 46 patients were found by TCD,there were 5 case with syncope in 46 patients.Conclusion The severness of anemia can be observed by the increased cerenbral blood flow velocities.TCD may be evaluat Effestiveness of blood flow,and TCD may be possible to raise the discover rate of artery stenosis in anemia.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of amoxicillin combined with metronidazole in the treatment of peri-implantitis and its effect on serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels.Methods:Sixty-four patients with peri-implantitis who received treatment from January 2017 to December 2019 in Xiasha Hospital, SiR Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive treatment with metronidazole (control group, n = 32) or amoxicillin combined with metronidazole (observation group, n = 32). Clinical efficacy, periodontal pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the control and observation groups. PD, CAL, SBI and PLI were correlated with MMP-8, TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Results:The clinical efficacy in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [93.75% (30/32) vs. 75.00% (24/32), χ2 = 4.267, P < 0.05]. After treatment, PD [(3.02 ± 0.24) mm], CAL [(1.70 ± 0.14) mm], SBI [(11.54 ± 3.26)%], PLI (0.87 ± 0.11) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(4.47 ± 1.37) mm, (3.77 ± 1.06) mm, (18.84 ± 5.11)%, (1.12 ± 0.15), t = 5.897, 10.952, 6.813, 7.603, all P < 0.01]. After treatment, serum MMP-8 [(0.78 ± 0.23) μg/L], TNF-α [(71.24 ± 10.33) μg/L], IL-1β [(1.20 ± 0.14) μg/L] levels in the observation group were significantly lower compared with the control group [(1.12 ± 0.35) μg/L, (113.28 ± 15.73) μg/L, (2.55 ± 1.02) μg/L, t = 4.592, 12.637, 7.417, all P < 0.01]. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis showed that PD, CAL, SBI and PLI were positively correlated with serum MMP-8, TNF-α and IL-1β levels (all P < 0.01). Conclusion:Amoxicillin combined with metronidazole is highly effective in the treatment of peri-implantitis because it can promote plaque regression, reduce inflammatory reaction, and has a certain clinical promotion value.