[Objective] Pharmacological actions of polysaccharides from Fructus Rosae Roxburghii (PFRR) were investigated to supply evidence for its source development and application. [Methods] With ginsenoside as the positive control, the effect of PFRR on the swimming time and the survival time under the conditions of normotensive hypoxia, hyperther-mia and hypothermia in mice were observed. Phagocytic function of macrophage and serum hemolysin level were also detected. [Results] In PFRR group, the swimming time and the survival time under the above conditions were both prolonged, phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index increased and time at 50% hemolytic concentration prolonged ( P

Estrogen participates in many life activities through combination with estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) or estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) in the body. In order to establish an in vitro estrogen-like compound screening model, the coding region of human ERalpha and ERbeta was separately constructed into pET32-ERalpha and pET43-ERbeta prokaryotic expression vector and water-soluble recombinant ERalpha and ERbeta proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21. Western blotting revealed that both recombinant proteins have estrogen receptor binding sites. The proteins were purified using S-Tag affinity Purification Kit and digested with enterokinase to get the ERalpha and ERbeta proteins. About 0.90 mg of ERalpha and 0.65 mg of ERbeta were obtained at the concentration of 0.181 and 0.131 mg x mL(-1), respectively.

Objective To establish a quality standard forZishen Tongguan Capsules.Methods Anemarrhneae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex were qualitatively identified by TLC method. The contents of neomangferin, phellodendrine hydrochloride, mangiferin and berberine hydrochloride inZishen Tongguan Capsules were quantitatively determined by HPLC method.Results The spots of qualitative identification method were clear without interference. Neomangferin in Anemarrhneae Rhizoma and phellodendrinehy drochloride in Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex were identified. Neomangferin, phellodendrinehy drochloride, mangiferin and berberine hydrochloride showed good linearity in the range of 0.025 25–2.02 μg (r=0.999 7), 0.025 5–2.04 μg (r=0.999 7), 0.026–2.08 μg (r=0.999 7), and 0.025 5–2.04 μg (r=0.999 6) respectively. The average recoveries of neomangferin, phellodendrinehy drochloride, mangiferin and berberine hydrochloride were 99.99%, 101.06%, 103.05%, and 100.55%, respectively. The RSD were 2.69%, 5.62%, 2.49%, and 2.06%, respectively.Conclusion The method is accurate and rapid, with good stability, reliability and reproducibility, which can be used for the quality control and evaluation of the preparation of Zishen Tongguan Capsules.

Objective To establish the quality standards for compound Shatagan Oral Liquid. Methods Chuanxiong Rhizoma was identified by TLC. The content of ferulic acid was determined by HPLC. Separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-1% acetic acid solution in gradient elution (0-5 min, 35% methanol;5-8 min, 35%→23% methanol;8-22 min, 23% methanol) at 30℃;The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;The injection volume was 5μL;The detection wavelength was 322 nm.Results Ferulic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.039 4-0.630 0μg (r=0.999 7,n=7). The average recovery was 98.22% and RSD was 2.62% (n=6).Conclusion The method is reliable, sensitive and with repeatability, which can be used as the quality control method for compound Shatagan Oral Liquid.

Objective To establish quality standards forAnshu Liquid.Methods Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Kochiae Fructus were qualitatively identified by TLC method. The contents of berberine hydrochloride and phellodendrine hydrochloride in the preparation were determined by HPLC method. The chromatographic column was ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm); the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (0.5% diethylamine) gradient elution; the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; the detection wavelength was 284 nm.Results Berberine hydrochloride and phellodendrine hydrochloride in Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and saponin Ic in Kochiae Fructus were detected by TLC method. The linear relationship of berberine hydrochloride in the preparation was Y=23.109X?30.548,r2=0.999 8, RSD=2.97%, showing that the linear range of berberine hydrochloride was 0.050 5– 2.525 0 μg. The linear relationship of phellodendrine hydrochloride in the preparation wasY=10.038X?2.446 6, r2=0.999 9, RSD=1.24%, showing that the linear range of phellodendrine hydrochloride was 0.050 0–2.500 0 μg. Conclusion The method is accurate, rapid, stable and reliable, with good reproducibility, which can be used for the quality control and evaluation ofAnshu Liquid.

Objective To detect the antibiotic resistance of four kinds of gram-negative bacilli strains against seven antibiotics and to analyze the differences in antibiotic resistance between the strains isolated in intensive care unit (ICU) and common wards.Methods This study involved 3 238 gram-negative bacilli strains isolated in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January to December 2016.Of all strains, 46.6% were isolated in ICU (severe group) and 53.4% were isolated in common wards (general group).Resistance of these strains to seven kinds of antibiotics was detected and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results Antibiotic resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to ceftriaxone, cefepime and imipenem were 41.7%, 41.2% and 39.5% in severe group and 20.9%, 21.7% and 17.1% in general group.Moreover, the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant (χ2Cefatriaxone=56.72, P<0.01;χ2Cefepime=49.12, P<0.01;χ2Imipenem=69.81, P<0.01).Antibiotic resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to imipenem was 17.2% in severe group and 8.8% in general group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2Imipenem=11.48, P<0.01).Resistance rates of Escherichia coli strains to ceftriaxone and cefepime were 72.9% and 35.8% in severe group and 44.7% and 13.3% in general group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (χ2Ceftriaxone=40.13, P<0.01;χ2Cefepime=41.61, P<0.01).More than 60% of Acinetobacter baumanii strains whether they were isolated in ICU or in common wards were resistant to all the seven antibiotics, and there were no significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli strains isolated in ICU have higher resistance rates than those isolated in common wards and therefore antibiotics should be used differently.Regular monitoring of drug resistance should be strengthened to provide references for empirical clinical medication.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) and toludine red unheated serum test (TRUST) for the therapeutic effects of early syphilis.Methods Syphilis patients visited the Dermatological Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2012 to October 2016 were recruited, including 189 patients with early syphilis and 39 patients without clinical symptoms but with risky behavior within 3 months.Serum samples were tested by TPPA and TRUST respectively before treatment and at month 3, 6, 12 after treatment.Comparison between groups was done by χ2 test.Results Serum TPPA results of 228 patients with early syphilis prior to the treatment and within 12 months after treatment were all positive.Before treatment, TRUST tests results of 225 patients were positive, and 156 patients turned negative after 12 months of treatment with the negative conversion rate of 69.3%.The TRUST titer ≤1∶4 before treatment was defined as low-titer group, and ≥1∶8 before treatment was defined as high-titer group.There were 93 patients in the low-titer group, including 3 patients with negative results, and 90 patients with titer 1∶1-1∶4.There were 135 patients in the high-titer group.Twenty-seven patients achieved TRUST negative conversion after 3 months of treatment, among which 19.35%(18/93) with the negative conversion rate in the low-titer group and 6.67%(9/135) in the high-titer group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=7.10, P<0.01).Sixty-two patients converted into negative results of TRUST assay after 6 months of treatment, including 36.56%(34/93) in the low-titer group and 11.85%(16/135) in the high-titer group whose titer of 1∶1-1∶4, and 6.45%(6/93) in the low-titer group and 4.44%(6/135) in the high-titer group whose titer ≥1∶8 turned negative.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=17.10, P<0.01).There were 67 patients converted negative detected by TRUST assay after 12 months of treatment, including 23.66%(22/93) in the low-titer group with titer of 1∶1-1∶4 and 14.81%(20/135) in the high titer group, and 1.08%(1/93) in the low-titer group and 17.78%(24/135) in the high-titer group whose titer ≥1∶8 were turned negative.The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2=1.51, P>0.05).Conclusion Serological tests combined with clinical signs can accurately diagnose early syphilis and evaluate the therapeutic effects.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Xianrengu oral liquid. METHODS:Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative identification of Epimedii Folium,Astragali Radix,lycium barbarum,Atractylodes macrocephala and Panax ginseng in Xianrengu oral liquid;RP-HPLC was preformed on the column of Dikma Diamonsil C18 with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (30∶70,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 270 nm,the temperature was 30℃and the volume was 10μl. RESULTS:TLC identification had good separation,clear spots and high specifica-tion. The linear range of icariin was 7.97-510.00 μg/ml(r=0.999 3);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 0.83%;and the average recovery was 97.69%(RSD=1.30%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:This method is simple,accu-rate and simple,which can be used for the quality control of Xianrengu oral liquid.

Objective To investigate the value of detection of fetal cell-free fetal DNA(cff-DNA)in maternal plasma in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities.Methods The plasma from 3200 gravidas(singleton with 20.3 ± 3.8 gestational weeks)was collected from April 1st 2011 to May 30th 2012.They were divided into 3 groups:(1)To tally 1720 cases were included in the high-risk serological screening group,in which women were younger than 35 years and got high-risk results in serological screening;(2)To tally 1310 cases were included in the advanced age group,in which women's age was more than 35 years;(3)To tally 170 cases were included in the supplementary group,in which women were younger than 35 years and got low-risk results in serological screening,or women who didn't take serological screening tests.All the 3030 gravidas in group 1 and 2 didn't take invasive prenatal diagnosis because of fear of abortion or short of prenatal diagnosis.Cff-DNA were detected by next generation sequencing in Shenzhen BGI Genomics Center for clinical laboratory.Amniocentesis and karyotype analysis were provided to the positive cases and women with negative results were followed-up by telephone.Results(1)The 3200 cases took cff-DNA detection,and 31 cases got positive results,including 27 cases of trisomy 21 and 4 cases of trisomy 18.Sixteen cases of trisomy 21 and 1 case of trisomy 18 were in the high-risk serological screening group.7 cases of trisomy 21 and 2 cases of trisomy 18 were in the advanced age group.Four cases of trisomy 21 and 1 case of trisomy 18 were in the supplementary group.(2)And the 84％(26/31)cff-DNA detecting positive cases received amniocentesis.In the 27 trisomy 21 positive cases,23 received amnioeentesis and got karyotype of 47XN,+ 21,with the diagnostic accordance rate of 100％.In the 4 cases who didn't take karyotype analysis,fetal anomaly(ventricular septal defect,dextrocardia and choroid plexus cyst)was found in 1 case before 20 gestational weeks;intrauterine fetal demise happened in 1 case before getting the result;2 other cases who already had healthy children took abortion in the local hospital without taking amniocentesis.In the 4 trisomy 18 positive cases,3 took amniocentesis,2 of which were trisomy 18 and took abortion,the other was chimera(46,XN/47,XN,+ 18)with only 2％ cells of trisomy 18,with no malformation found after delivery.Hypoevolutism(3 weeks less than gestational week),general hydropsy and intrauterine fetal demise happened before the other case took amniocentesis.(3)Follow up of cff-DNA negative cases:until May 30th 2012,no Down's baby was found in the 1230 cases with cff-DNA test negative results.Conclusions(1)The non-invasive fetal trisomy test(NIFTY)by next generation sequencing is a safe,accurate and high throughput method for the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy-21.(2)Use NIFTY as a further screening for pregnant women with high-risk serological screening results could lower invasive prenatal diagnosis rate.(3)Cases with positive NIFTY test results should receive amniocentesis and karyotype analysis to confirm the diagnosis before abortion.

Objective To identify the genetic mechanism of fetuses with short limbs deformity.Methods From Aug.2008 to Aug.2011,ten fetuses with obvious short limbs were found in ultrasound screening performed at 18-24 and (or) 30-32 gestational weeks and underwent artificial induced labor with the patient' consent.Amniotic fluid or cord blood of the fetuses was collected for karyotyping analysis and detection of mutation point of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)gene by polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing.One fetus (case 3) who presented with achondrogenesis underwent sequencing of SLC26A2 and Trip11 gene meanwhile.Results Among the 10 fetuses with short limbs deformity,five cases were found during second trimester and five during third trimester.Nine cases were identified as normal karyotype and one was chimera (46,XY/45,XY,- 18).One fetus carried a rare FGFR3 mutation of c.1108G＞T (G370C) and was diagnosed as thanatophoric dysplasia at 21+3 weeks.Three fetus carried c.1138G＞A (G380R) mutation and were diagnosed as achondroplasia.These four families had low recurrent risk because no gene mutations were found in the parents.Three mothers of these four fetuses were pregnant again and had normal neonates now.No mutations were found in all gene sequencing in case 3.Conclusions Karyotyping analysis and sequencing of FGFR3 gene could find causative gene mutations and provide genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis for some fetuses with short limbs deformity.In the third trimester,achondroplasia is the most possible diagnosis when short limbs fetus is found by ultrasound.