Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of propofol sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy,we conducted a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing propofol with traditional sedative agents.Methods Referring Cochrane Collaboration search strategy to develop retrieval in Medline,Web of Science,Wanfang and CNKI database to retrieve the anesthetic propofol and traditional agents in the literature for randomized controlled trials of gastrointestinal endoscopy,surgery and assess their recovery effect.Results Twenty-one original RCTs investigating a total of 1 765 patients,of whom 894 received propofol only and 871 received traditional sedative agents only,met the inclusion criteria.Research showed that compared with traditional anesthetics,no significant differences existed in anesthetic effects of propofol on gastrointestinal endoscopy surgery time.However,surgery can significantly shorten recovery time and the average discharge time; and higher recovery rates.The result of racial subgroup analysis showed:the anesthetic propofol can significantly shorten the time of gastrointestinal endoscopy surgery for Asian populations,but had little effect on the European population.Contrast method for subgroup analysis showed:anesthetic propofol could significantly shorten the ERCP angiography in gastrointestinal endoscopy surgery time,but has little effect on the UGE and colonscopy angiography.Conclusions Propofol is safe and effective for gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures and is associated with shorter endoscopy recovery and discharge time,higher post-anesthesia recovery scores.Care should be taken when extrapolating our results to specific practice settings and high-risk patient subgroups.

Objective:To probe into the mechanism of Shenshuai Capsule in delaying advance of chronic renal failure(CRF)and against interstitial renal fibrosis.Methods:74 cases of CRF at decompensation phase were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.Changes of their serum urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinie(SCr),endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr),collegen Ⅳ (Col Ⅳ),procollagen Ⅲ(PC Ⅲ),laminin(LN),and improvement of urinary protein(uPro),urinary ?_2-microglobulin(?_2-MG)and clinical symptoms and signs were observed.Results:After treatment of Shenshuai Capsule,BUN,SCr,Col Ⅳ,PC Ⅲ,LN,urinary protein and ?_2-MG decreased and Ccr increased in the treatment group,with a significant differences between the two group in the above mentioned indexes except LN(P

Objective To observe whether electroacupuncture (EA) is protective to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rabbits with acute cerebral infarction and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Eighty rabbits were used in this study. After establishing the acute cerebral infarction rabbit model,all the animals were randomly allocated to a model group and an EA group. The acupoint "Bai Hui" and "Shui Gou" in Du meridian in the rabbits of the experimental group were stimulated by EA. The content of ANP,cAMP and cGMP was examined. Results Compared with the model group,the content of ANP in blood plasma and cAMP in brain tissue of the EA group significantly increased,while the content of cGMP decreased,the ratio cAMP/cGMP increased nearly to the normal level. Conclusion The EA exerted protective effect and promoted repair of BBB in rabbits with acute cerebral infarction,which might be modulated by the changes of the content of ANP in blood plasma and cAMP,cGMP in brain tissue.

Objective:To improve the sensitivity and the linear range of electrochemical immunosensor to detect Schistosoma japonicum (S.japonicum) antibody.Methods:Carbon inks and silver/silver chloride inks were printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) board to make a two-electrode test strip,where carbon was the working electrode and S.japonicum soluble egg antigen (SEA) was fixed at one end of working electrode by different methods; silver/silver chloride electrode was used as control.We tested the valency of the antibody by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in an electrochemistry workstation,and conducted comparison with the results of ELISA.Two new immunosensing electrodes have been developed,based on glutaraldehyde cross-linked (GA) or chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked (Chit-GA) transducer fixing S.japonicum antigen.We tested the titer of the antibody by means of CV and DPV.Results:Our experimental S.japonicum antigen (50 μg/L) is the optimal test concentration for the GA sensor,and 10 μg/L for Chit-GA sensors.The immune reaction time of both electrodes is all essentially complete in 1 minute.The linear range for S.japonicura antibody in human positive serum sample detection by the glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶400,and by the chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶500.As the concentration of dilution ratio of S.japonicum antibody in human positive serum sample increased,the test value of DPV increased proportionally.Conclusion:GA sensor and Chit-GA cross-linked S.japonicum sensors have high sensitivity and broad linear range response,and both exhibited a good linear relationship between the DPV signal and the test antibody titer.

Objective To prepare the infected Oncomelania hupensis by artificial method for the research on the activity, vaccine, and genetic variation of Schistosoma Japonicum (S. Japonicum).Methods The mature eggs of S. Japonicum were collected by Nylon silk method and the miracidia were incubated under appropriate conditions. Negative snails were infected with miracidia in different proportion by means of individual or collective infection to seek the best method and proportion of infection between miracidia and snails. Infected snails were divided into 12 groups in total. Ⅰ-Ⅵ groups were for individual infection and Ⅶ-Ⅻ groups were for collective infection. There were 200 snails in each group. The infection ratios between snails and miracidia in Group Ⅰ-Ⅵ or screened, numbered, and reared singly. The amount of cercariae was calculated once every 10 days until the infected snails died. Then cercariae shedding quantity, infection quantity, and mortality of infected snails in every group were compared to find the best infection method and the best infection proportion between miracidia and snails. The cercariae were collected from the first generation of infected snails and were used to infect experimental animals. The mature eggs of S. Japonicum were saved from the infected experimental animals and incubated to get miracidia. The snails were artificially infected by miracidium to get the second generation of infected snails. The developmental rates of adult worms, the egg density in fecal and liver were compared between artificially and naturally infected snails. Results In individual infection GroupⅠ-Ⅵ,the average infection value of snails were 0±0,22.7±4.2,31.7±4.5,53.0±5.3,39.3±5.9,32.7±4.7,the average fatality of snails were 21.7±3.1,25.0±3.6,31.3±4.9,44.7±6.5,78.3±9.5,89.7±13.6, and the average value of cercariae shedding from infected snails were 0.0±0.0,308.0±96.6,428.1±146.2,527.0±171.1,571.4±148.9,602.9±356.3, respectively. In collective infection Group Ⅶ-Ⅻ,the average infection value of snails were 0±0,12.3±2.5,18.7±4.7,28.3±4.2,33.3±4.7,29.3±5.5,and the average fatality of snails were 22.7±3.8,23.7±4.5,28.3±5.5,47.0±9.5,75.7±8.5,86.3±12.2, and the average value of cercariae shedding from infected snails were 0±0,244.5±57.3,292.3±74.8,347.1±100.8,477.2±142.1,447.3±161.4, respectively. The second generation of artificially infected snails was obtained successfully. The average infection rate and fatality rate for the second generation of artificially infected snails were 24.65% and 24.50%, both of which were not obviously different from that of the first generation of artificially infected snails (P>0.05). In the animal experiment, the worm growth rate for the naturally infected snails, the first or second generation of artificially infected snails were 68.50%,73.50% or 71.00%. There was no obvious difference among them (P>0.05). The fecal (or liver) eggs per gram for the naturally infected snails, the first or the second generation of artificially infected snails were 1 503±269,1 683±233, or 1 541±117 (or 6 641±1 819,6 272±1 419, or 7 263±1 643). There was no significant difference among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Infected snails can be obtained through the artificial method by using S. Japonicum miracidia to infect snails. Individual infection has the advantage over collective infection. The optimal proportion of infection between first and the second generation of artificially infected snails in the average of cercariae shedding, infection, and fatality average of snails. There was no significant difference between artificially and naturally infected snails in the developmental rate of adult worms, fecal and liver eggs per gram.

Objective To explore the value of ultrasonic guidance-fine needle aspiration biopsy (UG-FNAB) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods The clinical data of 160 patients (186 nodules) with conventional ultrasound suspected malignant thyroid nodules from January to December 2016 in Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture were retrospectively analyzed. The pathological results were used as the diagnostic gold standard to compare the value of UG-FNAB and CEUS in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Results Malignant thyroid nodules were characterized by low enhancement, uneven enhancement, unclear boundary and slow enhancement. The incidences in malignant thyroid nodules were significantly higher than those in benign thyroid nodules, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.01); there was no statistical difference in recession speed between benign thyroid nodules and malignant thyroid nodules (P＞0.05). The sensitivity of CEUS in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 75.56% (98/128), the specificity was 72.41% (42/58), the missed diagnosis rate was 23.44% (30/128), the misdiagnosis rate was 27.59% (16/58), the positive predictive value was 85.96% (98/114), and the negative predictive value was 58.33% (42/72); the sensitivity of UG-FNAB in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 93.75% (120/128), the specificity was 93.10% (54/58), the missed diagnosis rate was 6.25% (8/128), the misdiagnosis rate was 6.90% (4/58), the positive predictive value was 96.77% (120/124), and the negative predictive value was 87.10% (54/62). The sensitivity and specificity of UG-FNAB in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were significantly higher than those in CEUS, and there were statistical differences (χ2=14.957 and 8.700, P<0.01). Conclusions Malignant thyroid nodules has unique CEUS characteristics. UG-FNAB has higher sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules, compared with CEUS.

Objective:To investigate the current Kangaroo Mother Care(KMC) knowledge among registered nurses working in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in China.Methods:A convenience sample of 607 registered nurses participated in this descriptive, cross sectional exploratory study. An online self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data, including 12 items, 3 sections (Basic knowledge, Emergency handling, Breast feeding).Results:The total score was 6.52±2.29 (the total score was 12). The 5 items, accuracy below 50%, were ①In your opinion, the optimal duration of KMC was (10.2%,62/607); ②What to do if the baby had respiratory arrest or became blue during KMC (18.8%,114/607); ③Who should implement KMC (42.5%, 258/607); ④what could we do if the baby was not gaining weight (47.3%, 287/607); ⑤How to feed the baby during KMC (47.8%, 290/607). Registered nurses with more than 10 years of working experience in NICU scored higher; junior registered nurses scored lower; registered nurses learned by individuals scored lower ( F values were 9.413, 9.862, 5.368, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The insufficiency of KMC knowledge is common among NICU registered nurses. The understanding of basic concepts of KMC should be strengthened. Stratified training should be conducted for nurses′ ability to deal with emergencies, assess the changes in infants' conditions, and knowledge of breast feeding. All registered nurses′ KMC operation should be standardized to improve the level of implementation of KMC by NICU registered nurses.

OBJECTIVETo investigate Lanzhou area cases of hepatitis C virus (H-CV) infection with a 5'-non coding region (NCR) 2i genotype and core (C), envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein (NS5) 2a genotype and the relationship with therapeutic response to interferon-alpha (IFNa).

METHODSNine patients who received IFNa-based treatment for HCV between 2007 and 2009 at the Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province were selected for analysis.Restriction enzyme analysis was carried out for the 5'-NCR and sequencing was carried out for the other gene areas.The relationship between genetic variants and IFNaresponse was examined.

RESULTSOf the total nine HCV cases treated with IFNa-based therapies, five of the patients achieved sustained virological response (SVR), which included two cases with type 2 genotype and three cases with no MboI restriction enzyme point of tangency (i.e.type 1b). The remaining four patients that did not achieve SVR included one case of type 2a, with a 1b and 2a mixed state, and one case with 5'-NCR 2i genotype and C area, NS5 area 2a genotype; the other two cases had 5'-NCR and C area type 1b. Of the five cases with 5'-NCR 2i genotype, all had C 2a genotype and two had C/E 2a and NS5 2a genotypes.The seven patients that showed no response to ordinary IFNa were converted to long-term IFNa plus ribavirin combination antiviral treatment; five (71.4%) of the cases showed response in HCV RNA level and the patients treated with the pegylated form showed greater response.

CONCLUSIONHCV genotyping can only provide information on the particular region of gene sequence examined, and it is important to sequence all gene regions where mutations related to antiviral drug response are located. Peg-IFNa-2a combined with ribavirin may achieve better therapeutic effect in patients infected with 2i/2a recombinant forms of HCV.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Antiviral Agents ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; Open Reading Frames ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Recombinant Proteins ; Recombination, Genetic ; Ribavirin ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of echinacoside (ECH) on liver injury and glucose metabolism disorder in sepsis rats induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:Forty eight male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group (sham), model group (CLP), treatment group (CLP+ ECH) and inhibitor group (CLP+ ECH+ EX527). The sham group only received laparotomy, and the model group underwent CLP. The treatment group was intragastric administration of echinacea (30 mg/kg) every day after CLP modeling. The inhibitor group was injected with silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor EX527 (5 mg/kg) one hour before CLP, and then treated the same as the treatment group. Fasting blood glucose, insulin and serum biochemical indexes were detected in virous groups. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 2′, 7′- dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining was used to observe the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver tissue of rats in each group; hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue in each group; The expressions of SIRT1, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and phosphorylated protein ki-nase B(p-AKT) were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with sham group, the levels of serum glucose, serum insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ROS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in model group increased, while the liver glycogen and survival rate decreased (all P<0.05). After echinacoside treatment, the serum glucose, serum insulin, ALT, AST, ROS , IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased, and the liver glycogen and survival rate increased (all P<0.05); After SIRT1 inhibitor intervention, the levels of serum insulin, ALT, AST, IL-6 and ROS in the inhibitor group increased ( P<0.05). HE staining showed that there were infiltration and necrosis of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue of model group, and echinacoside could significantly reduce the focal and massive necrosis; Western blot showed that compared with the sham group, the expression levels of SIRT1, p-STAT3 and p-AKT protein in the model group decreased, while the expression levels of G6Pase and PEPCK protein increased ( P<0.05); After echinacoside treatment, the expression levels of SIRT1, p-STAT3 and p-AKT increased, while the expression levels of G6Pase and PEPCK decreased ( P<0.05). After SIRT1 inhibitor intervention, the expression of SIRT1, p-STAT3 and p-AKT protein decreased, and the expression of G6Pase and PEPCK protein increased in the inhibitor group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Echinacoside is a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis associated liver injury and glucose metabolism disorders, which may play a role by targeting SIRT1 to activate STAT3 and AKT in the liver.

A 13-year and 6-month-old girl attended the Hunan Children's Hospital due to delayed menarche. The laboratory test results indicated increased follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, decreased anti-Mullerian hormone, and pelvic ultrasound showed a cord-like uterus and absence of bilateral ovaries. Her 11-year and 5-month-old younger sister had the same laboratory and imaging findings, and both girls were diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing confirmed that the proband and her sister carried heterozygous variants of HROB gene c.718C>T (p.Arg240*) and c.1351C>T (p.Arg451*), which were inherited from their parents respectively and consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. Oral estradiol valerate at an initial dose of 0.125 mg/d was given to the proband, and the secondary sexual characteristics began to develop after 6 months.
Humans ; Female ; Child ; Infant ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/genetics* ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Estradiol