The research of epilepsy drug-resistant mechanism has been paid more and more attention. Pglycoprotein(Pgp) ,being one of the hot points of recent research,plays the transporting role in the body,and its coding genetic polymorphism also affects its expression. The relationship between Pgp and drug-resistant epilepsy is reviewed based on the coding genetic polymorphisms, multidrug transporters hypothesis, concentration equilibrium transport assay, and Pgp inhibition effect.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with the ca‐rotid arterial intima‐media thickness(IMT) and carotid artery plaque in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and to analyze the related risk factors causing atherosclerosis .Methods A total of 426 patients with T2DM were collected and conduct the records of baPWV ,carotid artery ultrasound ,biochemical index detection andrelated risk factors record .The correlation between baPWV with carotid arterial IMT was analyzed .The patients were divided into the abnormal group and normal group according to the baPWV results .The carotid artery IMT ,carotid artery plaque and related risk factors were compared between the two groups . Results The DM duration ,systolic blood pressure ,diastolic blood pressure ,pulse pressure ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ,number of atherosclerosis risk factors had statistically significant differences between the two groups (P< 0 .05 ,P<0 .01);while the age ,waist circumference ,BMI ,uric acid ,HDL‐C ,TG ,TC ,glycosylated hemoglobin had no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P>0 .05) .The detection rate of plaque by carotid artery ultrasound had no statistically signifi‐cant difference between the two groups(P>0 .05);but the statistically significant difference was found in the number of plaque be‐tween the two groups(P<0 .01) ,the abnormal group was obviously more than the normal group;the normal IMT ratio had statisti‐cally significant difference between the two groups(P<0 .05) ,the normal group was obviously higher than the abnormal group .The IMT value had statistical difference between the two groups(P<0 .01) ,which in the abnormal group was significantly thickened compared with the normal group .The analysis of correlation between baPWV and IMT showed that IMT was positively correlated with baPWV(r=0 .228 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion T2DM patients with reduced arterial elasticity could complicated with the obvious thickening of carotid arterial IMT and increase of plaque number .Combining baPWV with carotid arterial ultrasound examination can better conduct the arteriosclerosis evaluation .

Twenty-seven cases of simple type 2 diabetes mellitus,30 cases of coronary heart disease,and 32 cases of type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease were enrolled in this study according to the results of coronary angiography.Meanwhile,32 healthy subjects were taken as a control group.The serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and other clinical and laboratory parameters were determined.The results showed that serum MMP-9 may play a minor role in the progression of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To evaluate the value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in elderly type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods We performed a retrospective observational study on 228 patients undergoing coronary angiography in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from April 2014 to July 2015.Patients were divided into three groups:the simple T2DM group (n=77),simple CHD group (n=72),and T2DM complicated with CHD group (n=79).Meanwhile,70 healthy elderly subjects served as the control group.The white blood cell count,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and other clinical and laboratory parameters were collected,and NLR was calculated.Risk factors for CHD in T2DM patients were determined by logistic regression analysis.Multiple stepwise regression analysis was adopted to identify factors influencing NLR.Results The white blood cell count,neutrophil count,NLR and hs-CRP level in the simple T2DM,CHD,and T2DM+CHD groups were higher than in the control group [(7.48 1.81) 109/L,(7.72± 1.89) 109/L,(7.98±2.12) 109/L vs.(6.22± 1.61) 109/L;(4.49±1.38) 109/L,(4.88±1.56) 109/L,(5.35±1.40) 109/L vs.(3.52±0.84) 109/L;(2.84± 0.77),(3.07±0.79),(3.34±0.83) vs.(1.58±0.42);(2.92±0.65) mg/L,(3.20±0.86) mg/ L,(4.98±1.10) mg/L vs.(1.105±0.23) mg/L;respectively,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01].The lymphocyte count in the simple T2DM,CHD,and T2DM+CHD groups were lower than in the control group [(1.57±0.41) × 109/L,(1.58±0.40) × 109/L,(1.61±0.48) × 109/L vs.(2.22± 0.51) × 109/L,P＜0.05].NLR and hs-CRP levels in the T2DM+CHD group were higher than in the former two groups (all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that NLR was positively correlated with the Gensini score and hs-CRP level (r=0.7455 and 0.7792,both P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that NLR,hs-CRP levels and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were the risk factors for CHD in T2DM patients (OR=4.331,3.997 and 2.928,all P＜0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that NLR was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose,HbA1 c levels and systolic blood pressure (β' =0.3133,0.4720 and 0.3069,all P＜0.05).Conclusions NLR may be a valuable predictive factor for CHD in elderly T2DM patients.

It was found that Ag nanoparticles (NPs) could enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of luminol- potassium ferricyanide system. On the basis of enhancement effect,a flow injection method was developed for the determination of terbutaline sulfate. The structure and shape of Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The UV-Vis absorption spectra and chemiluminescence spectra suggested that new luminophor was not formed after Ag NPs introducing in luminol-potassium ferricyanide chemiluminescence system. A possible mechanism of Ag NPs strengthening on luminol-potassium ferricyanide CL reaction was also discussed. The effect of concentration of luminol,potassium ferricyanide,sodium hydroxide and Ag NPs on CL reaction was investigated respectively. In the optimum conditions,the linear range was 1.0×10~(-9) -2.0 ×10~(-5) g/L(r =0.9935) and the detection limit was 1×10~(-10) g/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.6% for 1. 0 ×10~(-6) g/L terbutaline sulfate (n = 11 ). The recommended method has been successfully applied to the determination of terbutaline sulfate tablets and the recovery was between 98. 5% - 102. 5% ,moreover the results were almost identical with the same results of Pharmacopoeia method.

Objective To investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD),parathyroid hormone (PTH),blood glucose,blood lipid,uric acid,obesity,insulin etc with blood pressure.Methods A total of 1 403 residents aged (45.3 ± 14.4) years were enrolled from Guiyang residents during a health survey in 2009.The standard questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed in all subjects.The fasting plasma glucose,postprandial 2 h plasma glucose (2hPG),triglyceride,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,serum calcium,phosphorus,creatinine,and uric acid were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer,serum insulin by chemiluminescence method,and serum 25OHD and PTH by radioimmunoassay.Results Path analysis showed that age,gender,body mass index (BMI),insulin,25OHD,PTH,2hPG,and triglyceride affected systolic blood pressure,with the repective path coefficients of 0.453,0.294,0.120,-0.106,-0.049,0.047,0.030,and 0.030.BMI,age,gender,insulin,2hPG,triglyceride affected diastolic blood pressure,with the path coefficients 0.348,0.217,-0.146,0.134,0.035,and 0.035 respectively.Insulin,triglyceride,2hPG indirectly influenced blood pressure through BMI.BMI,PTH,and 25OHD had a significant and direct effect on blood pressure.Gender and age directly and indirectly influenced blood pressure through BMI.Conclusion The most significant influential factors on blood pressure are age,serum insulin,triglyceride,and 2hPG in the population of Guiyang.Serum 25OHD is negatively associated with systolic blood pressure while PTH level is positively associated with systolic blood pressure.

To investigate the changes of serum ghrelin levels and their relationship with body mass index (BMI) ,waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) ,thyroid function, blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance parameters in different thyroid functional status. The fasting serum ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and thyroid hormone levels were determined, BMI, WHR, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated in 50 hyperthyroid and 30 hypothyroid patients at diagnosis and after normalization of thyroid function. 30 euthyroid subjects served as control. The ghrelin levels in hyperthyroid patients before treatment were lower than that in control group [(63.2±9.6) ng/L vs (80.9±13.9) ng/L,P<0.01]. Multiple regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR was an independent factor related to fasting ghrelin levels (r = -0.314, P = 0. 027). The ghrelin levels were similar in hypothyroid patients and the controls before and after the treatment. It suggests that insulin resistance might be an important factor in regulating serum ghrelin levels in different thyroid functional status.

Objective To determine the concentration of blood serum visfatin and some iron metabolism‐related indicators:Ser‐um ferritin、hepcidin、serum transferring receptor(sTfR)level in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and explore the inter‐rela‐tionship between blood serum visfatin and iron metabolism .Methods Eighty‐five patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected and divided into 2 groups including 43 patients with normal weight (the normal weight of diabetic group , group B)and 42 obese patients (the obese diabetic group ,group D) .Meanwhile ,86 healthy examinees were selected and divided into 2 groups including 43 cases with normal weight (the control group ,group A)and 43 cases with obese (simple obesity group ,group C) .Serum visfatin ,ferritin ,hepcidin ,serum transferring receptor level and other clinical parameters of all groups were determined . Results Blood serum visfatin concentration was not found to be associated with ferritin ,hepcidin ,serum transferring receptor in all the groups(r=0 .111 ,P>0 .05) .Conclusion Blood serum visfatin may be not associated with ferritin ,hepcidin ,serum transferring receptor in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients .

With the global development of medical information standard, construction work of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) information standard system has been promoted rapidly. The framework of ancient Chinese medical literature clinical terminology classification standardization is one of the foundations of TCM language system. Its research will further promote and perfect TCM information standard system. We have adhered to the connection among ancient TCM classification framework, modern TCM and western medicine classification framework. Exploration on framework construction of ancient Chinese medical literature clinical terminology classification standardization was based on previous work of Chinese medicine clinical terminology classification and code standard, reference frame structure of SNOMED CT, research findings of classification standard framework of Chinese medicine clinical terms, andQian Jin Fang.

Objective To explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome(MS) and glomerular filtration rate(GFR).Methods A total of 10 140 adults aged 40 years and older inhabitants in Zhaiji community of Guiyang urban areas were investigated from May 2010 to August 2010 by adopting stratified cluster sampling method.The venous blood sample was drawn for the measurements of serum creatinine(Cr), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), OGTT 2hPG, fasting insulin, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and fasting plasma insulin.The definition of MS in our study was modeled after the Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ(ATP-Ⅲ).Decreased GFR was defined as an estimated GFR<60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.Results The prevalence of GFR less than 60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 were 3.0% and 1.2% in participants with and without MS, respectively.The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios[95% confidence interval(CI)] of MS, which were independently associated with decreased GFR, were with elevated blood pressure, higher TG, lower HDL-C, and elevated FPG, their statistically odds ratios were 1.78, 2.96, 1.06, and 1.22, respectively.The prevalence of GFR decreased with the increase of MS components by 0.56%, 1.10%, 1.50%, 2.87%, 3.23%, and the odds ratios were 1.00, 1.57, 1.93, 3.07, and 2.89, respectively.Conclusion With the increase of MS components the risk of GFR decline increased.The occurrence of chronic renal dysfunction(CKD) might integrate multiple different risk factors of MS.