Objective:To study the effect of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the nucleus on the proliferation and invasion ability of cervical cancer cells and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Using the HeLa cell line with stable expression of M-CSF in the nucleus as the model, the proliferation ability of the cells was detected using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication analysis, and the invasiveness of the cells was detected using Transwell cells; Western blot was used to detect the expression of nuclear protein transcription factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and total cell protein matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).Resultsl:The proliferation and invasion ability of HeLa cells stably expressing MCSF in the nucleus were significantly enhanced ( P<0.05, P<0.01), and the expression of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 was increased (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Intranuclear MCSF can promote the proliferation and invasion ability of cervical cancer cells, and its mechanism is related to the upregulation of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 expression.