Objective To investigate the relationship between the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with the ca‐rotid arterial intima‐media thickness(IMT) and carotid artery plaque in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and to analyze the related risk factors causing atherosclerosis .Methods A total of 426 patients with T2DM were collected and conduct the records of baPWV ,carotid artery ultrasound ,biochemical index detection andrelated risk factors record .The correlation between baPWV with carotid arterial IMT was analyzed .The patients were divided into the abnormal group and normal group according to the baPWV results .The carotid artery IMT ,carotid artery plaque and related risk factors were compared between the two groups . Results The DM duration ,systolic blood pressure ,diastolic blood pressure ,pulse pressure ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ,number of atherosclerosis risk factors had statistically significant differences between the two groups (P< 0 .05 ,P<0 .01);while the age ,waist circumference ,BMI ,uric acid ,HDL‐C ,TG ,TC ,glycosylated hemoglobin had no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P>0 .05) .The detection rate of plaque by carotid artery ultrasound had no statistically signifi‐cant difference between the two groups(P>0 .05);but the statistically significant difference was found in the number of plaque be‐tween the two groups(P<0 .01) ,the abnormal group was obviously more than the normal group;the normal IMT ratio had statisti‐cally significant difference between the two groups(P<0 .05) ,the normal group was obviously higher than the abnormal group .The IMT value had statistical difference between the two groups(P<0 .01) ,which in the abnormal group was significantly thickened compared with the normal group .The analysis of correlation between baPWV and IMT showed that IMT was positively correlated with baPWV(r=0 .228 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion T2DM patients with reduced arterial elasticity could complicated with the obvious thickening of carotid arterial IMT and increase of plaque number .Combining baPWV with carotid arterial ultrasound examination can better conduct the arteriosclerosis evaluation .

It was found that Ag nanoparticles (NPs) could enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of luminol- potassium ferricyanide system. On the basis of enhancement effect,a flow injection method was developed for the determination of terbutaline sulfate. The structure and shape of Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The UV-Vis absorption spectra and chemiluminescence spectra suggested that new luminophor was not formed after Ag NPs introducing in luminol-potassium ferricyanide chemiluminescence system. A possible mechanism of Ag NPs strengthening on luminol-potassium ferricyanide CL reaction was also discussed. The effect of concentration of luminol,potassium ferricyanide,sodium hydroxide and Ag NPs on CL reaction was investigated respectively. In the optimum conditions,the linear range was 1.0×10~(-9) -2.0 ×10~(-5) g/L(r =0.9935) and the detection limit was 1×10~(-10) g/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.6% for 1. 0 ×10~(-6) g/L terbutaline sulfate (n = 11 ). The recommended method has been successfully applied to the determination of terbutaline sulfate tablets and the recovery was between 98. 5% - 102. 5% ,moreover the results were almost identical with the same results of Pharmacopoeia method.

Postgraduate administration is faced with new challenge in the affiliated clinical hospital because of the increasing quantity of postgraduates.The paper analyzed the characteristics of postgraduate administration and the status quo of information system construction in the affiliated clinical hospital and proposed the ideas of constructing information system for postgraduate administration from three aspects including system-frame,system-function and system-management.The purpose of the study was to provide reference for improving quality of postgraduate administration.

The paper analysed the double-blind review result of Ph.D candidates' dissertation at Peking University People's Hospital.Rigor deficiency and inadequate knowledge about the research subjects were identified as the main problems.In the end some suggestions were proposed from two aspects,namely,full-process management of Ph.D training and supervisor-team construction.

Objective:To analyze the distribution of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms in Chinese Han patients with extensive-disease small cell lung cancer(ED-SCLC),and evaluate the correlation between UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms and toxicity and efficacy of irino-tecan(CPT-11) based regimen in the patients with ED-SCLC. Methods: The analysis of UGT1A1?28 and UGT1A1?6 gene poly-morphisms was performed in 67 patients with ED-SCLC admitted in our hospital from June 2011 to January 2013. The 67 cases with ED-SCLC treated with irinotecan(CPT-11) based regimen were enrolled to observe the adverse events and efficacy during the chemo-therapy, including objective responserate rate ( ORR) , progression free survival ( PFS) and overall survival ( OS) . The incidence of different genotypes was compared. Results:The distribution of UGT1A1 genotypes in the 67 patients was follows:UGT1A1?28 wild-type (WT) genotype TA6/6 (56, 83. 6%), heterozygous genotype TA6/7 (11, 16. 4%);UGT1A1?6 wild-type (WT) genotype G/G (45,67. 2%), heterozygous genotype G/A (22,32. 8%). No significant difference of PFS and OS was observed between the differ-ent genotypes. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 delayed diarrhea and neutropenia in the patients carrying UGT1A1?6 G/A was higher than that in those with WT genotype (36. 4% vs. 6. 6%, P<0. 05;27. 2% vs. 4. 4%, P<0. 05, respectively). The incidence of grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia in the patients carrying UGT1A1?28 TA6/7 was higher than that in those with WT genotype (27. 2%vs. 1. 8%, P<0. 05). The patients simultaneously carrying UGT1A1?28 TA6/7 and UGT1A1?6 G/A were prone to suffering 3 and 4 delayed diarrhea and neutropenia. Conclusion: UGT1A1 polymorphisms may predict the adverse events of CPT-11 in ED-SCLC, while can not predict the efficacy of CPT-11.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) and the relationship between HPV and vaginal environment in puerperium women.Methods One thousand and twenty-nine cases puerperium women were detected for HPV subtype by using nucleic acid flow-through hybridization.Patients with HPV positive had been considered as observe group and the rest as control.The prenatal infection of HPV of HPV-DNA positive and negative postpartum puerperium women, and the vaginal cleanliness of prenatal and postpartum were analyzed.Results In 1 029 cases puerperium women, the total HPV-DNA positive rate was 10.30％(106/1029) ,and high risk infection rate was 95.65％ (110/115).The rate of HPV positive before pregnant in HPV positive group (46.51％, 40/86) was higher than that in HPV negative group (9.09％, 10/110).There was significant difference of vaginal environment in the two groups (x2 =36.567, P＜0.05).In HPV-DNA positive and negative women during the puerperium vaginal cleaning degree of Ⅰ , Ⅱ ratio prenatal respectively were 56.98％ (49/86) and 76.36％ (84/110), and the difference was significant (x2 =8.317, P ＜0.05).Postpartum to 45.35％ (39/86) and 60.00 (66/110), and the difference was significant (x2 =3.941, P＜0.05).Conclusion The HPV infection of pregnant women are easy to getagain.There is relevance between HPV infection and vaginal environment.

Objective To study the effect of clopidogrel on different CYP2C19 genotypes and platelet reactivity in acute cerebral infarction patients with antiplatelet aggregation.Methods Four hundred and seventy-four cases of cerebral infarction patients in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April 2015 to April 2016 were collected.CYP2C19 genotype was determined,and the genotype was divided into the wild type group,the heterozygous type group and the mutant homozygous group.Platelet aggregation inhibition rate(ADP%) and platelet reactivity index induced by ADP were detected.Patients were divided into clopidogrel resistance group(group CR) and non resistant group according to whether ADP% was less than 30.SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis,the comparison between groups using independent samples t test,chi square test and multivariate analysis using Logistic regression analysis,when P<0.05 difference was statistically significant.Results Among the 474 patients,204 cases(43.04%) were divided into wild-type group,and 204(43.04%) and 66(13.92%) were divided into the mutant heterozygous group and mutant homozygous group.In Chi square test analysis,clopidogrel resistance group and non resistance group CYP2C19 genotype distribution was significantly different(χ2=6.658,P=0.036).CR group angle(α) values((68.87±5.47)°) and MA((66.77±6.25) mm) were higher than that of CS group ((66.55±6.05)° and (63.30±5.66) mm,t=2.199,3.387,P=0.029,0.001).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that OR of angle level was 1.028,95%CI was 0.929-1.137 (P=0.595);OR of Ma level was 1.561,95%CI was 0.785-0.970 (P=0.012).Conclusion The effect of clopidogrel on platelet aggregation in patients with acute cerebral infarction is decreased by CYP2C19 gene mutation.CYP2C19 mutant allele is a risk factor for clopidogrel resistance.Angle (α) value and MA value are the risk factors for the diagnosis of CR in the patients with acute cerebral infarction,and the risk of clopidogrel resistance increased when the patients′ Angle (α) value and the value of MA increased.MA value as a predictor of CR and the screening tool has a certain value.

Improvement of the review of dissertation for doctoral degree is important for the training of qualified doctors.Current practice includes double-blind review and open review.This paper compares and analyses the outcome of the two kinds of reviews and found that double-blind review is more objective that the other(the mean of open review score is 96.39±2.069,the mean of double-blind review score is 85.18±6.635.P=0.001,P＜0.01).In the end some suggestions are proposed to improve the double-blind review system.

Purpose To observe the curative effect of special acupuncture techniques on female urethral syndrome and its relationship with the course of treatment.Method Four abdominal and four sacral empirical points were acupunctured with special techniques and electricity. A difference in curative effect was investigated between different numbers of treatments. Results The clinical cure rate reached 15.2% just after ≤ 10 (7.3 ± 1.3) treatments. The curative effect was significantly better after 20-40 (32.1 ± 5.8) treatments than after ≤ 10 (7.3± 1.3) treatments (χ2 = 10.086, P ＜0.05). The clinical cure rate reached 43.5% in the former. Conclusion Special acupuncture techniques have a good clinical effect on female urethral syndrome. The curative effect improves with an increase in the number of treatments.

Objective To investigate curative effects of hypothermia on the secondary axotomy of nondisruptive axonal injury (NDAI) after diffuse brain injury (DBI).Methods A total of 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into hypothermia group (at 32℃ for 6 hours) and control group (at 37.5℃ ).The axonal swelling and axonal balls were detected by means of NF68kD immunochemistry after DBI caused by fluid percussion.The changes of maximal density of axonal swelling and axonal balls in callosum,diencephalon-mesencephalon,pons-oblongata and cerebellum were compared 24 and 72 hours after injury between both groups.Results NF68kD immunochemistry well showed axonal swellings and axonal balls in whole brain.The axonal swelling and axonal balls were significantly decreased 24 hours after DBI in both groups (P<0.05),especially in diencephalon-mesencephalon ,pons-oblongata and cerebellum (P<0.01).While there showed significant decrease of axonal swellings and axonal balls in pons-oblongata and cerebellum in hypothermia group 72 hours after DBI (P<0.05,P<0.01) but insignificant changes in the callosum and the diencephalon-mesencephalon compared with control group (P>0.05 ).Conclusions Hypothermia can retard the progress of mild or severe NDAI at early stage,which would taper with the longer time after injury except for partial mild NDAI.Hypothermia may prevent mild NDAI from secondary axotomy.