‘Paying equal attention to sinew and bone’ is an important principle in China osteosynthesis (CO). Traditional bone-setting manipulations not only pay high attention to fracture reduction, but also to sinew-regulating and soft tissues protection. The advantage of this principle has also been confirmed by modern medicine. To understand the principle better, it is essential to learn its historical origin, its important role in traumatology and its significant influence on modern orthopedics. In addition, we should inherit and further develop its theory, innovate and promote the development of CO constantly.

Objective To investigate the effect of nuclear factor ?B(NF-?B)decoy on the chemokine expression in bladder cancer cell line. Methods Human bladder cancer cell line EJ,NF-?B decoy ODN were used as a NF-?B inhibitor(scrambled NF-?B decoy was used as control).NF-?B DNA binding activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA);and p65 subunit of NF-?B was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Chemokines including IL-8,MCP-1,RANTES were detected by RT-PCR. Results EMSA showed that NF-?B decoy inhibited NF-?B activation induced by TNF-?.RT-PCR or Western blot test suggested that p65,IL-8,MCP-1 and RANTES were upregulated by TNF-? and downregulated by NF-?B decoy.However,mutated decoy ODN had no effect on them. Conclusions Chemokines can be detected in bladder cancer.They are activated by TNF-? and inhibited by NF-?B decoy.

[Objective] To evaluate the biomechanical stability of lumbar intact specimen,anterior lumbar interbody fixation(ALIF)specimen,ALIF specimen fixed with pedicle screw and ALIF specimen fixed with translaminar facets screw.[Method]Each of eight adult fresh cadaver specimen of lumbarsacral segmcnts was analyzed in four states(groups):intact,L5S1 ALIF,L5S1 ALIF fixed with pedicle screw or fixed with translaminar facets screw,test and compare its range of motion(ROM)in flexion,extension,lateral bending and axial rotation.[Result]The ROM of ALIF specimen in extension was larger than that of intact specimen(P

Objective To establish and validate andro ge n-independent human prostate cancer LNCaP cell model. Methods Androgen-dependent LNCaP parental C-33 cells were maintained in a regul ar cell-culture medium,that is,phenol red-positive RPMI 1640 medium supplement ed with 10% fetal bovine serum,1% glutamine and 0.5% gentamicin.Upon continuousl y passaging,androgen-dependence of these LNCaP cells decreased gradually,thus,t he androgen-independent LNCaP cell model which derived from androgen-dependent cells was established. Results Upon continuous passage, the biological behavior of androgen-dependent parental LNCaP C-33 cells (pass age number less than 33) was altered.LNCaP C-81 cells (passage number higher th an 80) clearly exhibited more aggressive growth and lower androgen-dependence t han C-33 and C-51 cells (passage number between 34 and 81) in vitro and in viv o. Conclusions The LNCaP cell model closely recapitulate s the transition of human prostate cancer from androgen-dependent to hormone-r efractory state under the androgen nondeprived condition. This cell model may pr ovide the opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the and rogen-independent growth of cancer cells during prostate cancer progression.

Objective To determine whether altered expression of apoptosis pathway genes is related to different apoptosis susceptibility of prostate cancer cells. Methods Androgen sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC 3 were cultured and treated by etoposide,and apoptosis were determined using Hoechst 33258 staining.The cells were harvested and the total RNA was extracted.cDNA probes were prepared and labeled with biotin 16 dUTP,then hybridized to commercially available cDNA arrays including apoptosis pathway specific genes. Results Apoptosis were induced in both PC 3 and LNCaP cells by etoposide,however,PC 3 was more resistant than LNCaP.Compared with LNCaP cells,the 4 fold down regulated genes in PC 3 cells were Bcl10,CIDE A,GADD45a,RIP2,caspase 4,5 and 6,while the 4 fold up regulated gene in PC 3 cells was TRAF4.Caspase 14 and TNFR2 were most strongly expressed genes in the 2 cell lines. Conclusions The altered expressions of apoptosis pathway specific genes are related to the different apoptosis susceptibility,and this may make an important contribution to androgen insensitive state of prostate cancer cells.

AIM: To investigate molecular mechanisms associated with the acquisition of androgen-independent growth of human prostate cancer during progression. METHODS: Upon continuously passaging, the androgen-independent LNCaP cell model was established. The expression of AR and PSA proteins in the course of prostate cancer progression was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Upon continuous passage, the biological behavior of androgen-dependent parental LNCaP C-33 cells (passage number less than 33) was altered. LNCaP C-81 cells (passage number higher than 80) exhibited more aggressive growth and lower androgen-dependence than C-33 and C-51 cells (passage number between 33 and 80). C-81 cells secreted a higher level of PSA and the degree of DHT stimulation on PSA secretion was lower in C-81 cells than C-33 cells. The three LNCaP subclones expressed a similar level of total AR protein, but C-81 cells showed a characteristic loss of expression of the AR-B and increase in expression of the AR-A. CONCLUSION: Multiple factors, including the different expression of AR isoforms, contribute to the development of androgen-independent growth of prostatic carcinoma cells. [

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo of teachers'teaching ability of standardized training for hospital pharma-cists in Beijing area,and provide reference for strengthening the faculty construction. METHODS:A dynamic assessment of stan-dardized training base for hospital pharmacists of 17 inpatients in Beijing area was conducted to organize evaluation experts to as-sess the teaching ability of outpatient pharmacy,ward pharmacy and clinical pharmacy in training base. Questionnaire was designed and trainees were organized to evaluate the teaching ability,time,attitude,feedback and others and related results of teaching in bases were vegarded as objects for analysis and summary. RESULTS:The overall ability of teaching was high,and the most promi-nent was clinical pharmacy,which was well received by trainees. But there are differences among departments,the ability of ward pharmacy is slightly lower than the clinical pharmacy and outpatient pharmacy. And the teaching ability still had great improvement. CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve the overall teacher strength in training base,competence-based training for hospital pharma-cists must be strengthened to encourage teachers to attend training courses,strengthen cultivation of humanistic quality and enrich students'evaluation forms.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the training and evaluation for hospital pharmacy teachers. METHODS:19 pharmacists-in-charge in the pharmacy department of our hospital received training of teaching ability,and theory test and multi-sta-tion practical technique test were conducted after training. The items examined in theory test included training rules,the profession-al knowledge of pharmacy and teaching method;the content of practical technique test included checking prescriptions/medication orders,drug dispensing,medication management,patient education and ADR report. Each teacher’s test included 3 of 5 items above based on different responsibilities. All scores were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS:The score of practical technique test was higher than the score of theory test;teachers’grasp of training rules was the worst in theory test;in practical technique test,the score of medication management was the highest for teachers worked at the post of dispensing;while the score of patient education was higher than the score of ADR report for teachers who were clinical pharmacists,the differences were statistically sig-nificant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve teaching ability, teachers should receive intensive training on the train-ing rules and the professional knowledge of pharmacy;the multi-station examination mode will be improved in many modes such as increasing stations,standardized test paper and standardized trainees;meanwhile,the young pharmacists should be encouraged for positive commitment to the teaching work and continuously enriched with experience.

Objective:To investigate the influence of lumbar disc degeneration on the efficacy of lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation in sitting position in treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH). Methods:We simulated lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation of sitting position using three finite element models including a normal model, a mild degeneration model and a moderate degeneration model of L3-5, in which the herniated disc was assumed at the left rear of L4 disc and the rotation manipulation was carried out on the right side. The displacement and stress at the left rear of L4 disc of the three models were analyzed. Results:When lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation in sitting position was carried out, a displacement and stress were generated at the left rear of L4 intervertebral disc of the three models directing forward. The displacement and stress in degeneration models were less than those in the normal model, and the smallest values were found in the moderate degeneration model. From normal model to mild and then to the moderate degeneration model, the displacement decreased by 36% and 59%, and the stress decreased by 22.3% and 45.2%, respectively. Conclusion:The lumbar disc degeneration affects adversely the effectiveness of lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation in sitting position in the treatment of LIDH. The severer the lumbar degeneration, the greater the influence.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of ureter with tubularized peritoneal free grafts for the treatment of avulsion of ureteral mucosa using animal models.Methods Twelve adult dogs were randomly divided into the reconstruction group(n=6) and the control group(n=6).Firstly,the model of avulsion of ureteral mucosa about 3-5 cm long was made.In reconstruction group,tubularized peritoneal free grafts and ureteral stents were placed in the injured ureters;and in control group,no operation was performed but to place the stents into the ureter.The curative effect was observed by IVU and histological examination 10 weeks after operation.Results In reconstruction group,IVU showed normal size and morphology of the kidneys.There was no hydronephrosis,and no obvious stricture of the part of ureter in which peritoneal free grafts were used as mucosa substitutes.In control group,IVU showed no image or only obscure enlarged outlines of the kidneys,and no image of the ureters.Atresia or severe stricture of the ureters was observed in all dogs in control group;while in reconstruction group,the peritoneal membrane was replaced by integrate transitional epithelium,and no obvious stricture was observed.Subepithelial abundant neovascularization was also seen.Conclusions For avulsion of ureteral mucosa exceeding 3 cm,placing stents only will lead to ureteral stricture or atresia,reconstruction using tubularized peritoneal free grafts as mucosa substitutes is an effective method.