Objective To investigate the regional differential expression of epidermal growth factor(EGF)in transition/peripheral zones of human normal prostate. Methods RT-PCR was used to determine semi-quantitatively the expression of EGF mRNA in 17 specimens of peripheral /central zones from normal prostates and 20 specimens of periurethral zone from BPH.EGF protein expsession was examined with Western blot. Results In normal prostate tissue,EGF mRNA level in transition zone was significant higher than that in peripheral zone (0.96?0.31 vs 0.53?0.27,respectively,P

Objective: The main purpose of this research is to confirm that there are at least three subtypes of social withdrawal in childhood: reticence, passive withdrawal and active withdrawal. Each subtype had an individual correlation pattern with children s temperaments. Methods: One hundred and seventy-six Chinese children of about 4 years old participated in a serial of lab observations, during which the three subtypes of social withdrawal were assessed. And the children's mothers completed Colorado Child Temperament Inventory (CCTI) . Results: Reticence positively related to temperamental shyness (r = 0. 21 , P

Objective To explore the management of T 1G 3 transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. Methods 67 cases of T 1G 3 transitional cell carcinoma,average age of 63,were treated with TURBt.Followed by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation in 59 cases and mitomycin C instillation in other 8 cases. Results Within median 47 (range 12～78) months follow-up,28 cases had recurrence.20 cases had tumors progressed to muscle invasion(T 2 or higher).16 cases had received total cystectomy and 4 cases had long-distance metastasis. 9 cases died from the tumor. Conclusions Patients who have T 1G 3 transitional cell carcinoma initially should be treated by TURBt and intravesical BCG instillation and followed rigorously.When the tumor recurs and progresses into muscle invasion,total cystectomy is preferred.

BACKGROUND:The etiological factor for rheumatoid arthritis remains unclear, but the effects of nuclear factor-κB on the onset of rheumatoid arthritis have been gradual y paid great attention by rheumatologists.
OBJECTIVE:By using the RNA interference (RNAi) technique to block the signal pathway of nuclear factor-κB
mRNA of human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells, this study explored its application prospect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
METHODS:The synovial cells were isolated, digested, and cultured for further use. In accordance with the
design principle of smal interfering RNA (siRNA), target sequences of siRNA of nuclear factor-κB were identified, and siRNA expression vector of nuclear factor-κB was synthesized and constructed. The four pGenesil-1/nuclear factor-κB siRNA expression vectors were transfected into the first passage of synovial cells that wel grew. Blank and negative control groups were set. cells at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, 5 and 7 days after transfection were col ected, and RNA was extracted. Intracellular nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression levels were measured, and siRNA plasmid vector that could effectively inhibit nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression was screened out.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Nuclear factor-κB highly expressed in synovial cells after human rheumatoid arthritis. 3#pGenesil-1/nuclear factor-κB apparently suppressed nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression in synovial cells with human rheumatoid arthritis. RNAi technique blocked nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression. Therefore, the block of nuclear factor-κB signal pathway might be a good target for rheumatoid arthritis gene therapy.

Objective:To clarify the effect of voltage-gated proton channel 1 (Hv1) on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Methods:The protein expression of Hv1 was detected in human breast cancer cell lines with different metastatic abilities. SiRNA technique was used to down-regulate the expression of Hvl in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Scratch and matrigel invasion methods were used to observe the effect of Hvl on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, and the relevant molecular mechanism was explored. Results:Hv1 was highly expressed in the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Hvl was more highly expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells with higher metastatic ability. The SiRNA sequence target at Hvl inhibited Hvl expression. Scratch and matrigel invasion experiments showed that the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells were significantly attenuated when Hv1 was knocked down by siRNA targeting Hv1. Zymography experiment on matrix metalloproteinase indicated that the enzyme activities of MMP-2 markedly decreased. Conclusion:Hv1 promoted the migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells.

AIM: To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.f.alba. (Sal) on the mitochondrial ultra-structure, oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by ischemia injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS: The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model was established by a modified Longa occlusion method. Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, simple ischemia reperfusion group, Sal with ischemia reperfusion group and butylphthalide with ischemia reperfusion group. To study the protective effects of Sal and its mechanism, the intervention of Sal was given and the ultra-structure of mitochondria, functions of mitochondria under oxidative stress and the incidence of apoptosis of brain cells were determined.RESULTS: Many electron dense toxic granulation and vacuolus in mitochondria were observed in the rat brain of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Under the condition of ischemia and reperfusion, the mitochondria membrane was disaggregative, and the tubular cristae of mitochondrion disappeared. MDA content was obviously increased and the activity of glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly. The apoptosis of brain cells were observed in a great quantity. The changes of ultra-structure of mitochondria and the activity of GSH-Pxase were significantly improved by the treatment of Sal. Furthermore, treatment with Sal delayed the decrease of GSH-Pxase activity, and inhibited the increase in MDA content in brain tissue after ischemia and reperfusion. The incidence of apoptosis of brain cells was also decreased.CONCLUSION: Sal protects the brain tissue from ischemia injury.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of ureter with tubularized peritoneal free grafts for the treatment of avulsion of ureteral mucosa using animal models.Methods Twelve adult dogs were randomly divided into the reconstruction group(n=6) and the control group(n=6).Firstly,the model of avulsion of ureteral mucosa about 3-5 cm long was made.In reconstruction group,tubularized peritoneal free grafts and ureteral stents were placed in the injured ureters;and in control group,no operation was performed but to place the stents into the ureter.The curative effect was observed by IVU and histological examination 10 weeks after operation.Results In reconstruction group,IVU showed normal size and morphology of the kidneys.There was no hydronephrosis,and no obvious stricture of the part of ureter in which peritoneal free grafts were used as mucosa substitutes.In control group,IVU showed no image or only obscure enlarged outlines of the kidneys,and no image of the ureters.Atresia or severe stricture of the ureters was observed in all dogs in control group;while in reconstruction group,the peritoneal membrane was replaced by integrate transitional epithelium,and no obvious stricture was observed.Subepithelial abundant neovascularization was also seen.Conclusions For avulsion of ureteral mucosa exceeding 3 cm,placing stents only will lead to ureteral stricture or atresia,reconstruction using tubularized peritoneal free grafts as mucosa substitutes is an effective method.

Objective To increase the statistic power to estimate radiation-induced cancer risk on the basis of analysis of the 1999-2002 follow-up data from high background radiation areas (HBRA), in combination with those in the period 1979-1998, and further to estimate radiation-induced cancer risk at low dose after adjustment of individual smoking factor.Methods Cohort studies were conducted of cancer mortality for the residents in both HBRA and control area (CA), with follow-up made in phases.The present study was first focused on the collection of cancer mortality data during 1999-2002, with preliminary analysis of the risks of cancer mortality.And then, the effort was dedicated to analysis of both the risks of cancer mortality and the smoker-adjusted risks of radiation-induced cancer mortality from for the residents in HBRA in period 1999-2002 based on the pooled data during 1999-2002 and 1979-1998 through ID record linkage.Person-years were estimated using Epicure/DATAB model.The relative risk (RR), the excess relative risk coefficient (ERR/Sv) and confidence interval (CI) of cancer mortality from 1979 to 2002 were estimated using Poisson regress model in AMFIT mode.Results A total of 76 264 persons in HBRA and CA was followed up during 1999-2002, covering 300 523 person-years and 2 267 deaths identified, including 239 cancer deaths.Based on pooled data, 125 079 persons were followed up during 1979-2002, which covered 2 293 463 person-years and 14 711 deaths identified, including 1 441 died of cancer.The sex-and age-adjusted RR of all cancers in the HBRA during 1979-2002 was 0.99 (95％ CI: 0.89 to 1.11), showing no statistically significant differences between HBRA and CA (P ＞ 0.05).The value of ERR/Sv of all cancer mortality during 1979-2002 was-0.01 (95％ CI:-0.50 to 0.64).Smoker-adjusted RR of all cancer mortality in HBRA during 1987-2002 was 1.00 (95％ CI:0.87 to 1.15), with no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The value of ERR/Sv for all cancers during 1987-2002 was 0.01 (95％ CI:-0.56 to 0.81) after adjustment of smoking.Conclusions Increased risk was not found in relation to radiation exposure at low dose in HBRA.After adjustment of smoking, the statistical difference has not been shown in all cancer mortality between HBRA and CA, but excess relative risk increased slightly.

Objective To explore the relationship between different hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical time and outcome of treatment with surgical methods of HICH.Methods A total of 1310 patients were admitted from six hospitals from January 2004 to January 2008,the 1310 patients were divided into six groups according to different operation:craniotomy through bone flap (group A),craniotomy through small bone window (group B),stereotactic drilling drainage (group C1 and group C2),neuron-endoscopy operation (group D) and external ventricular drainage (group E),considering hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical time and result of surgical methods were reviewed and analyzed.Results ①Craniotomy through bone flap should be selected with the case of superficial or deep hematoma volume (＞ 80 mL),median line structure distinct motion,metaphase or advanced stage of hernia of brain.②Craniotomy through small bone window and neuron-endoscopy should be selected with the case of moderate hematoma volume (50-80 mL) ③Drilling drainage should be selected with the case of small hematoma volume in superficial or deep hematoma volume (20-50 mL) ④Extemal drainage should be selected in dealing with ventricular hemorrhage.Small bone window or neuron-endoscopy should be selected in ventricular casting mould.⑤The appropriate operation time for patients with hematoma volume less than 80 mL should be 6-12 hours and large hematoma should be immediately operated to save lives.The operation time should depend on patients detail condition.Conclusions Craniotomy through bone flap was suitable for large hematoma and hernia of brain; Stereotactic drilling drainage should be selected in patients with hematoma volume less than 80mL; and the operation results in dealing with HICH would be improved via suitable operation time and surgical methods and adividual according to Hemorrhage position and Hemorrhage volume.