OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the concentration determination of indigo in rats'plasma,and study the pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats in vivo. METHODS:18 rats were randomly divided into low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups,6 in each group,which were intragastrically administrated 10,20,40 mg/kg of indigo solution. The sample blood 0.3 mL was taken from eye socket before administration and 0.083,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,2,4,6,8,10,12,16,24,48,72 h after ad-ministration,separating the plasma,then LC-MS/MS was used to determine the plasma concentration of indigo after methanol pre-cipitation. The column was Agilent Poroshell EC-C18 with mobile phase consisting of methanol-5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solu-tion(95:5,V/V)at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min;multiple reaction monitoring was conducted for the quantitative analysis,with ion pair of 263.1-218.8 (indigo) and 237.2-194.1 (carbamazepine,internal standard). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 3.0 software. RESULTS:The linear range of indigo was 0.5-100 ng/mL(r=0.9999),intra-day and inter-day RSDs were low-er than 9%(n=5);matrix effects of low,medium and high does quality control samples were (98.25 ± 3.71)%,(102.23 ± 2.64)%,(102.29±3.79)%(n=5). The pharmacokinetic parameters of indigo in low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups were tmax of(8.6±1.1),(9.2±0.8)and(9.5±0.8)h;cmax of(30.9±8.6),(44.9±10.1),(96.1±17.4)ng/mL;t1/2 of(14.9±2.1), (16.3±2.9),(15.3±3.7)h;AUC0-72 h of(366.6±83.4),(694.9±105.8),(1223.42±108.7)ng·h/mL,respectively. CONCLU-SIONS:The method shows high sensitivity,good specificity,and can be used for the content determination of indigo in plasma samples of rats. The pharmacokinetics of indigo in rats in vivo fits non-compartment model.

Central pain (CP) following spinal cord injury (SCI) challenges the health care community. A number of pain syndromes associated with SCI are based on the nature of the lesion, neurological structure damage and secondary pathophysiological changes. The hyperresponsiveness of neurons following SCI is the key factor of the mechanisms of CP. And several treatments have received some effects. So it is very important to study the mechanisms and therapies of CP.

Earthquake is one of the sudden major natural disasters,with a serious threat to human life and property safety,and also an enormous challenge to public health security.During earthquake the collapse of the houses and falling of heavy objects often resulted in a large number of patients with spinal fractures,which would create different levels of spinal cord injury(SCI),contributing to permanent disability.Those are closely related to the first aid of spinal fractures,clinical treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation post-earthquake.However,after earthquake,how to reduce the degree of disabilities of SCI patients and to improve their quality of life is not only a medical problem,but also a social problem.

This paper would discuss the concepts about motor imagery and differences to motor execution. The application of motor imagination in rehabilitation was described. The problem of the way to observe the motor imagery and executing task of motor imagery effectively are emphasized. Finally we provide an addressing on motor imagery questionnaires.

In the field of artificial muscle(AM) research,it is very difficult for humans to make the biological muscles,but there are experiments trying to put the function of muscles into practice of technology.With the development of materials and models of mathematics theories,people have made the AM of different materials and models true,however,as far as the characteristics of them and the widely used are concerned,they need deeply scientific research.And,in the near future,AM will play an important role in medical equipments,rehabilitation medicine,bionics,intelligent robots,military weapons,aerospace,etc.The authors review the types,characteristics,application in rehabilitation,as well as the function evaluation of AM.

Objective To study the results of repeat hepatectomy,followed by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT),but with or without portal vein chemotherapy (PVC) in patients with recurrence of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) after partial hepatectomy.Methods The data of 33 patients were analyzed retrospectively.All these patients received repeat hepatectomy.They were then divided into two groups:the PVC group (n =19) was treated with PVC + TACE + PMCT,and the non-PVC group (n =14) with TACE + PMCT.Results For the 33 patients,13 (39.4％) developed tumor recurrence ＞2 years from the initial resection while 20 patients (60.6％) developed recurrence within ≤ 2 years.The tumor recurrence consisted of local recurrence in 14 patients (42.4％),and heterochronous recurrence in 19 patients (57.6％).There was a significantly difference in the cumulative survival rates between the two groups (x2 =4.319; P =0.038).The 1y,3y,5y survival rates were 84.2％,42.1％,31.6％ in the PVC Group,and 71.4％,28.6％,14.3％ in the Non-PVC Group respectively.28 sessions of PMCT and 97 sessions of TACE were performed postoperatively (the medians were 1,0.5; 3,3 respectively,the mean ranks were 17.68,16.07; 15.05,19.64 respectively,and the P values were 0.612,0.163 respectively between the two groups).Conclusions For patients with recurrence of HCC after hepatic resection,after repeat hepatectomy PVC + TACE + PMCT gave better survival than those with TACE + PMCT but without PVC.

Objective To explore the application values of effect on the expression of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and myelin basic protein(MBP) by electrical stimulation in different sites of spinal cord injured rats after the human umbilical cord blood stem cells transplantation. Methods In this study the subjects adopted are clean grade rats, which were performed with Allen's method by NYU blow device, resulting in SCI models. 192 rats successfully modeled were divided into groups according to the random table. Group A received electric stimulation in the scalp surface projection area of motor area: Group A1 received electric stimulation and transplantation of umbilical cord blood stem cell, while Group A2 only received electric stimulation; Group B received local electric stimulation at damaged site: Group B1 received electric stimulation and transplantation of umbilical cord blood stem cell, while Group B2 only received electric stimulation; Group C received electric stimulation in the scalp surface projection area of motor area and local electric stimulation at damaged site: Group C1 received electric stimulation and transplantation of umbilical cord blood stem cell, while Group C2 only received electric stimulation; Group D are just the SCI models: Group D1 received transplantation of umbilical cord blood stem cell without electric stimulation, while Group D2 neither received cell transplantation nor electric stimulation. The sacrifice time of rats was the 1st week, 2nd week, 3rd week, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week after operation respectively. The distribution of the remained or regenerative neurons at damaged areas by corticospinal tract anterograde tracer with Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), and we also detected the content changes of GAP-43, MBP and the MAB1281 specific expression of the human nucleus of human umbilical cord blood stem cells. Results 1). NYU is a blow device for Allen's rat model of SCI, which could quantify the crash potential energy, and gain a stable and repeated model with high successful rate. 2). At each time site in this study, the factors that benefit for the neurofunction restoration after electric stimulation in the microenvironment into which the stem cells have been transplanted are GAP-43 and MBP, and they are all positive; the effects of the combination of head acupuncture with body acupuncture are much better than single head acupuncture or body acupuncture. 3). At each time site in this study, the factors that benefit for the neurofunction restoration after injury are GAP-43 and MBP, and the effects of them are all positive, which do not depend on whether the stem cell transplantation has been done. Conclusion 1). After the stem cell transplantation have been done, the changes of the microenvironment develops in the direction of benefiting for restoring neurofunction, which means that stem cell transplantation can promote the restoration of neurofunction and the stem cell transplantation is successful in this study. 2). Electric stimulation is significantly positive for the factors (GAP-43, MBP) which benefit for restoring neurofunction in the microenvironment after stem cell transplantation, the effects of the combination of head acupuncture with body acupuncture is better than single head acupuncture or body acupuncture. The significantly positive effects of the electric stimulation on microenvironment after injuries are independent, which do not depend on whether the stem cell transplantation has been done. Electric stimulation and stem cell transplantation are significantly synergistic at the microenvironment.

This paper presents a removal method of electrogastrogram (EGG) baseline wander based on wavelet transformation. The basic idea of this method is using the low-frequency signal which is obtained through multi-scale decomposition of EGG signals to approximate the baseline wander of EGG, so the component of baseline wander is filtered out from the sampling EGG signals. The method was applied successfully to process the experimental data of dog EGG in our laboratory. The experimental data and analysis of results showed that this method could filter out the baseline wander of EGG, and this method would not affect the gastric spike and slow wave bandwidth signals, which could be shown from the characteristics of bandwidth filter of wavelet transformation.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Artifacts ; Dogs ; Electrodiagnosis ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Gastric Emptying ; physiology ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; physiology ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; physiology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

This paper introduced the definition, structure of basis wavelet functions and wavelet lifting. Wavelet transform and wavelet lifting were applied in signal processing of EGG in our study. The characteristics of signal energy, information entropy and joint entropy were analyzed to introduce general selective method of wavelet basis functions after the signals have been filtered. In order to verify the rationality of evaluation criteria, signals of electrogastrogram (EGG) were processed and filtered with different wavelet basis functions in the experiments. Signals of EGG were filtered by wavelet transform and wavelet lifting, slow wave and spike wave of EGG were filtered. And the rationality of wavelet transform, wavelet lifting and effectiveness of EGG filter algorithm were proved by the experimental data. It provided an effective solution for the diagnosis and measurement of gastric diseases.
Electrodiagnosis ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Stomach ; physiology ; Wavelet Analysis

Objective:To compare the therapeutic effect between regular spherical corneal refractive therapy (CRT) and dual axis CRT on myopia with corneal astigmatism.Methods:A non-randomized controlled study was conducted.Aged 8 to 14 years old, forty-eight patients (48 eyes) wearing CRT orthokeratology enrolled from May, 2018 to December, 2018 in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University were divided into dual axis CRT group (24 eyes) and spherical CRT group (24 eyes) according to their guardians' willingness.After 1-year follow-up, the visual acuity, eccentricity distance in treatment area, annual axial growth and the corneal punctate staining incidence of the two groups were compared.The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by an Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (No.KY201975). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians prior to any examination.Results:The uncorrected visual acuity of the dual axis CRT group was better than that of the spherical CRT group at one week and one month after correction, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity between the two groups at other time points (all at P>0.05). The deviations of optical center in the spherical CRT group at each observation time points were significantly larger than that in the dual axis group (all at P<0.05), and the deviation was not obviously changed with time in both groups and there was no significant difference in deviation change between the two groups ( Ftime=2.301, P=0.074). The eccentricity was mainly in horizontal direction in spherical CRT group.The median annual axial growth was 0.12 (0.10, 0.45)mm in the dual axis CRT group and 0.14 (0.10, 0.46)mm in the spherical CRT group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=0.248, P=0.804). There was 4.2%(1/24) of the patients having grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ corneal punctate staining in the dual axis CRT group, and 25.0%(6/24) in the regular spherical CRT group, showing significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=4.180, P=0.049). Conclusions:For the treatment of myopia with astigmatism, dual axis CRT shows better centricity and safety than spherical CRT.