Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve ( SAM) is a relatively uncommon complication , but it can result in se-vere left ventricular outflow tract(LVOT) obstruction and/or mitral regurgitation(MR), even can be life-threating.Echocardio-graphy is still the first-line method of SAM diagnosis.Due to LVOT obstruction and MR reducing the long-term prognosis of pa-tients with SAM, it is necessary to carry out surgical treatment for patients with SAM for whom conservative treatment are not ef-fective.Then mitral valve repair(MVREP) is the first choice.Besides, surgical techniques for treatment and prevention of SAM have made great progress which have promoted the popularization of MVREP , and the rate of MVREP in mitral valve oper-ation has been greatly improved .

Objective To summarize the anesthesia management and surgical characteristic of modified extended Morrow procedure in treating hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Methods This retrospective study was conducted in 139 patients (male 83 and female 56)aged from 1 1 to 66 years.They underwent general anesthesia by high dose intravenous fentanyl or sufentanyl combined with propofol infusion and low concentration sevoflurane inhalation.The surgeons chose ap-propriate surgical procedures,including modified extended Morrow procedure,or combined with mi-tral valve repair (replacement)and coronary artery bypass grafting,etc.All patients received intraop-erative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE ) or epicardial echocardiography monitoring. Results There was no death case in hospital.All patients were hemodynamically stable and there were no malignant adverse events such as ventricular fibrillation during perioperative period.70 (50.4%)of patients automatically recovered to cardiac rhythm after aortic unclamping,and 1 1 (7.9%)of patients needed temporary pacemaker due to atrioventricular block.Cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB)were weaned off successfully without positive inotropic drugs in 103(74.1%)of patients, while others 36(25.9%)needed low dose dopamine,epinephrine or norepinephrine to maintain hemo-dynamics stable.The CPB time was (142 ± 5 1 )min and the time of aortic clamping was (96 ± 37 ) min.Blood protection was used in all patients and 129 (92.8%)of the patients didn’t receive any blood product.Conclusion Modified extended Morrow procedure was a safe and effective surgical pro-cedure for treatment of HOCM.Experienced teamwork was essential to achieve satisfactory clinical results.The key points of anesthesia management were administration of appropriate preoperative drugs,maintaining adequate anesthesia depth,appropriate preload and afterload,heart rate and rhythm.Intraoperative TEE monitoring was the golden standard for guiding and evaluating the effec-tiveness of the surgical procedures.Meanwhile protection of myocardium,lung,brain and blood can help to obtain satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Objective To compare the validity of general movements ( GM ) assessment with that of a 52 item neurological motor examination in predicting cerebral palsy among high risk neonates.Methods Eighty-four infants aged 12 months at high risk were evaluated simultaneously with GM assessment and the 52 item neurological motor examination.The utility of the two methods in predicting cerebral palsy was then compared.Results There were 4 cerebral palsy patients among the 84 high risk neonates.The GM assessment's predictive validity for Monotonous movements was 78.57％,its sensitivity was 25％,its specificity was 81.25％,its positive predictive value was 6.25％,its negative predictive value was 95.59％,and its kappa value was 0.215.The comparable values for the Cramped-synchronised scale were validity 96.43％,sensitivity 50％,specificity 98.75％,positive predictive value 66.67％,negative predictive value 97.53％,and kappa value O.553.The values for the absence of Fidgety movements were validity 98.81％,sensitivity 75％,specificity 100％,positive predictive value 100％,negative predictive value 98.77％,and kappa value 0.851.For the entire 52 items of the neurological motor examination the corresponding values were validity 51.19％,sensitivity 100％,specificity 48.75％,positive predictive value 8.89％,negative predictive value 100％,and kappa value 0.083.Conclusions GM assessment can predict the severe neurological deficits of cerebral palsy among high risk neonates by the age of 12 months.The 52-item neurological motor examination can detect mild and moderate neurological deficits.GM assessment combined with the 52-item neurological motor examination is a desirable and effective way to assess high risk infants.

Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Pericardium ; pathology

Objective: To evaluate the efifcacy of modiifed extended Morrow procedure on hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) in adolescent patients. Methods: We retrospectively studied 29 consecutive HOCM patients at the age≤21 years who received modiifed extended Morrow procedure in our hospital from 2011 to 2015 for their clinical conditions to assess surgical efifcacy. Echocardiography was performed to compare left atrial size, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular outlfow tract peak pressure, ventricular septal thickness, mitral systolic anterior motion and mitral regurgitation grade before and after operation. Moreover, pre-operative and post-operative plasma NT-proBNP levels were determined. Cardiac function was evaluated by New York Heart Association functional class. Results: There were 17 (58.6%) patients received isolated modiifed extended Morrow procedure and 12 patients had concomitant operation including 8 (27.6%) with coronary artery bypass grafting. Compared with pre-operation, the post-operative thickness of ventricular septum decreased from (24.6 ± 6.8) mm to (16.9 ± 7.1) mm, left ventricular outlfow tract gradient decreased from (68.8 ± 15.7) mmHg to (10.7 ± 4.2) mmHg, bothP<0.001; mitral regurgitation degree reduced from (1.7 ± 1.3) to (0.2 ± 0.4),P<0.01; NYHA classification improved from (3.4 ± 0.8) to (1.4 ± 0.5),P<0.01; plasma level of NT-proBNP reduced from (1957.6 ± 392.5) ng/ml to (458.7 ± 161.0) ng/ml,P<0.01. There was no peri-operative death, the survival rates at 12, 24 and 36 months post-operation were 100%, 86.7% and 86.7% respectively. Conclusion: Modiifed extended Morrow procedure has been a safe and effective method for treating adolescent HOCM patients, adequate exposure is the key point to assure surgical efifcacy.

Objective To review the experience of the surgical treatment of adult patients with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ALCAPA).Methods A retrospective,single institution review was conducted on nineteen adult patients with ALCAPA surgical treatment from February 2006 to October 2012.Of these patients,five were males and fourteen were females.The age was(35.3 ± 11.7) years.The weight was (61.2 ± 9.4) kg.Most patients showed some evidence of myocardial infarction or ischemia with either abnormal Q waves (4) or ST-T abnormality (13).Twelve patients with coronary angiography and four patients with coronary CT scan showed good coronary collateralization.The preoperative UCG showed the mean left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was 0.60 ± 0.07,and the mean left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD) was(52.4 ± 4.4) mm.Severe mitral regurgitation(MR) was seen in two patients,moderate in three patients and mild in four patients.The operative procedures included Takeuchi operation in seven patients,ligation of left coronary artery concomitant with coronary artery bypass graft in two patients,coronary artery re-implantation in ten patients.Of the ten patients with coronary artery re-implantation,two patients underwent mitral valve repair.Results There was no operative mortality.The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was (144.5 ± 66.9) min and cross-clamp time was (96.4 ± 38.8) min,respectively.The mean mechanical ventilation time was(12.9 ± 3.7) h and intensive care unit time was(39.2 ± 12.5) h,respectively.The mean postoperative LVEF was 0.62 ± 0.04.No significant reduction in LVEDD (45.8 ± 5.5) mm,P ＞ 0.05.Mild and trivial MR were observed in one and four patients,respectively.Sixteen patients(84.2％) completed the follow up with a mean time of 19.2 months.All the patients survived with New York Heart Association class Ⅰ or Ⅱ.During the follow up period,no patient required reoperation or readmission.At the latest echocardiography,the mean LVEF of 0.63 ± 0.05 and mean LVEDD of(49.2 ± 4.6) mm did not significantly improved compared with the data preoperatively or postoperatively.Mild MR was detected in six patients,trivial in three patients during the follow-up period.Conclusion The adult patients with ALCAPA have a dormant disease process.Surgical treatment has been recommended at the time of diagnosis and the coronary re-implantation could be the first choice.As for the concomitant MR,the guideline for the adult MR should be followed.

Objective analysis the pathogenesis and the treatment strategies of the hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with the concomitant mitral valve abnormalities. Methods From October 1996 to June 2009, 62 patients suffered from HOCM underwent surgical treatment. There were 41 males and 21 females with age ranging from 6 to 68 ( 34.05 ±15.26) years old. The body weight were 27 -83 kg [mean (60. 42 ± 12.71 ) kg]. Detected by preoperative echocardiography, all patients had the systolic anterior movement of the mitral leaflet ( SAM ) and 50 patients had mitral regurgitation (MR). Ventricular septal myomectomy was performed under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with a moderate systemic temperature and low volume blood flow. The concomitant operations included mitral valve replacement ( MVR 12 cases), mitral valve plasty ( MVP9 cases). During the perioperative period the patients were evaluated by echocardiography. Left ventricle ( LV ), left ventricular outflow tract ( LVOT), left atrium ( LA ), left ventricalar ejection fraction ( LVEF), mitral valve construction and function were evaluated. Results The time of CPB and the sortic occlusion were (104.23 ±47.14) (402290) min and (66.76 ±36.32) (20-195) min, respectively. The endotracheal intubation time was ( 13.23 ± 11.76 ) ( 5 -21 ) h and ICU stay was (42.53 ± 37.41 ) ( 11 ～ 183 ) h. Comparing with the parameters before operation: the sizes of the LA were (43.46 ± 7.21 ) mm vs. ( 34.56 ± 6.45 ) mm, pressure gradients through LVOT ( 103.84 ±44.04) mm Hg vs. (23.54±17.78) mm Hg and the thickness of the septal (26.93±5.23) mm vs. (17.12±5.67) mm.All parameters were significantly decreased( P ＜0.05 )postoperatively. All surviving patients had no or only trivial MR and SAM. Four patients (6.4% ,4/62 ) died during the perioperative period. The cause of death included severe low cardiac output, heart failure, severe ventricular arrhythmias and severe acute renal failure. The main complications were: left bandle branch block in 33 cases, intraventricular conduction block in 7, complete AV block in 6, anterior hemiblock in 5, type Ⅰ artioventricular conduction block in5, atrial fibrillation in 4. All surviving patients were in New York Heart Association functional class Ⅰ or Ⅱ during the follow-up from 1 month to 10 years. Cardiac symptoms were markedly relieved. Mitral valve construction and function were significantly improved. There were no death, no complications and none required additional mitral valve or myecomy surgery. Conclusion Ventricular septal myomectomy alone is sufficient to eliminate or significantly reduce the severity of MR and SAM. In patients with HOCM and MR due to the congenital mitral valve disease, concomitant MVP may be the first choice. Considering the inherent risks of prosthetic valves and anticoagulation complications, MVR should be the second choice.

Objective: To summarize the major post-operative complication of modiifed extended Morrow procedure in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and to explore the major factors affecting its prognosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 139 consecutive HOCM patients who received the procedure by same surgeon in our hospital from 2012-06 to 2014-07. There were 87 male and 52 female patients with the age of (10-67) years, body weightof (26-105) kg and pre-operative left ventricular outlfow tract peak gradient (LVOTPG) of (84.48 ± 44.75) mmHg. Concomitant operations were performed with known cardiac disease as necessary. Pre- and post-operative echocardiography, ECG and chest X-ray were examined to assess the adequacy of resection and mitral valve structure and function. Results: There was no peri-operative death. 73/139 (53%) patients received simple modiifed expanded Morrow procedure, the other 66 (47%) patients received concomitant surgery including 21 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting, 15 mitral valve plasty, 7 mitral valve replacement, 10 tricuspid valve plasty, 2 aortic valve replacement, 3 modiifed Maze procedure, 2 unblock of right ventricular outlfow tract, 2 sub aortic membrane resection, 1 ventricular aneurysm resection. The mechanical ventilation time was (24.05±36.74) hours, post-operative ICU and in-hospital stays were (2.85±3.18) days and (10.11±4.57) days; the complications included arrhythmia in 108 cases, pleural effusion in 25 cases, secondary intubation in 1 case, tracheotomy in 1 case, hemoifltration in 1 case, intra-aortic balloon pump in 1 case, back into ICU in 3 cases; no pneumothorax, secondary thoracotomy/operation. The post-operative left atrial diameter, LVOTPG, inter-ventricular septal thickness and LVEF were all decreased; mitral valve closed well or with mild regurgitation, systolic anterior motion (SAM) basically disappeared. The major factors for delayed ICU stay included age≥55 years, female, CPB time≥120 min, AOC time≥90 min, the patients combining with arrhythmia and right ventricular dysfunction. Late follow-up presented that the patients were almost without the symptoms, NYHA classiifcation at (I-II), no late death, complication or re-operation. Conclusion: Modified expand Morrow procedure has good surgical and short/late post-operative effects, concomitant operation does not increase the complication and mortality; correction of arrhythmia and improving right ventricular function at peri-operative period are important for treating the relevant patients.

Objective: To compare the convergent sliding of bilateral pectoral myocutaneous lfap method and conventional method for treating the early stage median sternotomy wound dehiscence in patients after cardiac surgery. Method: A total of 36 relevant patients treated in our hospital from 2010-04 to 2014-04 were studied and they were divided into 2 groups: Conventional group, the patients received sufficient draining and dressing changes followed by interrupted simple suture,n=16 and Convergent sliding group, the patients received convergent sliding of bilateral pectoral myocutaneous lfap,n=20. The clinical conditions after treatment were compared between 2 groups. Results: There were 6 patients received re-suture after the ifrst debridement because of poor healing in Conventional group, no such event happened in Convergent sliding group, P<0.05. All patients were discharged and no death occurred. In Conventional group and Convergent sliding group, the open drainage time were (7.2 ± 3.2) days and (3.3 ± 1.1) days,P<0.05; hospital stay time from the first debridement and suture were (10.4 ± 5.4) days and (8.2 ± 1.9) days,P>0.05; the median hospital stay time from discovering wound problem to wound healing and discharge were 13.0 (10.75, 19.5) days and 12.0 (10.0, 13.0) days, P>0.05. Conclusion: Compared to conventional method, convergent sliding of bilateral pectoral myocutaneous lfap method may obtain the better success rate of wound debridement and suture by shorter time for treating the early stage median sternotomy wound dehiscence in patients after cardiac surgery.

Objective The purpose of this sturdy was to conduct a meta-analysis of published randomised controlled trials(RCT) comparing the clinical outcomes of radiofrequency ablation(RFA) versus surgery alone(SA) in all patients with cardiac surgery.Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases, CNKI, CBM disc and VIP datebases were searched, and study eligibility and conducted data abstraction were determined independently and in duplicate.Literature searches from database establishment to November 2014.The heterogeneity and data were analyzed by the software of Rev Man 5.2.Results Of 564 studies identified, 8 studies met eligibility criteria, and included a total of 591 patients.In efficacy, The number of patients in sinus rhythm(SR) was signifcantly improved in RFA group compared to SA group at discharge(OR =10.59;95％ CI: 3.81-29.45).This effect on SR remained at all follow-up periods until ＞ 1 year.In safety, there was no significant difference in the incidence of hospital mortality(OR =1.17;95％ CI: 0.41-3.35) and mortality rate in follow up period(OR =0.77;95％ CI: 0.35-1.69) between RFA group and SA group.Similar results were shown in the incidence of permanent pacemaker(OR =0.65;95 ％ CI: 0.28-1.52;P =0.32) , thromboembolic events (OR =1.61;95 ％ CI: 0.54-4.84;P =0.40), postoperative re-intervention for bleeding (OR =0.45;95 ％ CI: 0.12-1.70;P =0.24).Conclusion The results of the current randomized trials demonstrates that concomitant surgical radiofrequency ablation and cardiac surgery is safe and effective at restoring sinus rhythm.