Glutamine is not only a special nutritional substance but a conditional essential amino acid,which is the most abundant amino acids in plasma,representing about 60％ of free amino acids in the body,and it's normal plasma concentration is from 0.6 to 0.9 mmol/L.In recent years,with the increasing deepening study of the field of clinical nutrition,the concept of glutamine study has been gradually changed gradually changed it's concept from a simple nutritional support to immune nutrition therapy.Glutamine can not only improve the body's protein levels of nutrition,protect the gastrointestinal mucosa,but also reduce the incidence of infection and the inflammation in the body,improve immune function,reduce side effects of chemotherapy,and at the same time enhance tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy and promote gastrointestinal cancer patients' postoperative recovery,reduce surgical complications.This paper aims to review the application and research of glutamine in the gastrointestinal cancer patients after the operation.

Objective To explore the influence of age factor on the treatment of cutaneous hemangioma with (90Sr-90Y) applicator.Methods A total of 224 babies and children of different ages with cutaneous hemangioma were treated by using 90Sr-90 Y applicator.Then,the relation between their therapeutic effects and ages were analyzed respectively.Results The differences in the therapeutic effect between group of one month to less than one year and group of one to less than five years,and group of one month to less than one year and group of five to ten years,and between group of one to less than five ages and group of five to ten years (P＜0.05),were statistically significant.With an increase of the age,the recovery rate gradually decreased,but their effective rate,improvement rate and ineffective rate increased.In the 199 well-healed or effective patients,the differences in the distribution of treatment course between group of one month to less than one year and group of one to less than five years,and group of one month to less than one year and group of five to ten years,were statistically significant (P＜0.05); but the difference in the distribution of treatment course between group of one to less than five ages and group of five to ten years was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The number of treatment course presented an increased tendency with an increase of the age for patients.Conclusions The age of patients is a factor influencing the therapeutic effect on cutaneous hemangioma with 90 Sr-90Y applicator.The younger the patients,the better their therapeutic effects,the shorter their courses of treatment,and the smaller the adverse reaction of beta ray.

Objective:To investigate whether the habenula takes part in the depressor effect of losartan.Methods:Arterial blood pressure,heart rate and the unit dischargings of habenular neurons in rat were recorded simultaneously.Results:Arterial blood pressure was apparently decreased by 10 mg/kg losartan intraperitoneally(ip),but heart rate did not change;63.64% (21/33) unit dischargings of habenular neurons was increased in the rate of discharges.Conclusion:The depressor effect of losartan (ip) may be involved in the excitation of habenular neurons by lsoartan(ip).

Objective:To probe the effect of Alisol Monoacetate A and Alisol Monoacetate B on the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol in HepG2 cell line.Methods:Controlled with Lipitor,different concentration of Alisol Monoacetate A and B were added to HepG2 cell line model,then collected and detected the contents of cholesterol in the cell lysate and cultured medium after 24h's cultivation.Results:The cytotoxicity of Alisol Monoacetate A and B appeared at least 10% when its concentration was higher than 10?M,more than 70% when its concentration was 50?M.The contents of cholesterol in HepG2 cell lysate increased from 24.4,26.7,32.3 and 38.3?g/mg protein corresponding with the concentration of 0?M,3?M,10?M and 20?M respectively,which showed the positive dose-effect relationship.However,the contents of cholesterol in the cultured medium manifested no difference.Conclusion:Alisol Monoacetate A and B could enhance the metabolic activity of mitochondria and increase the synthesis of cholesterol in HepG2 cell line.

AIM and METHODS: To study the protective effects of liposomes containing L-Arg,Se and taurine on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Wistar rats were divided randomly into sham operated group,ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) group,pretreatment with liposomes group and treatment with liposomes at reperfusion group. In the experiments, superior mesenteric artery was clipped for 60 min, and then unclipped. 2 hours of reperfusion later, MDA content, T-SOD and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase activities in intestinal tissues were detected respectively, ultrastructure and bcl-2 expression in intestinal mucosa tissue were observed. RESULTS: MDA content in liposomes-treated group was less than I/R group ( P 0.05). CONCLUSION: Liposomes containing L-arginine, Se and taurine can protect intestine against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,which may be related to inhibiting lipid peroxidation, stabilizing internal circumstances and inducing bcl-2 protein expression.

Objective: To observe the effect of telomerase-antisense DNA on apoptosis of hepatoma cells induced by arsenic trioxide, in an effort to look for a new anti-hepatic cancer agent with high efficiency, low cytotoxicity. Methods: We designed and synthesized a 20nt telomerase-antisense DNA targeting telomerase template and observed its influence on the telomerase activity of hepatoma cells. H-E staining, flow cytometry, and DNA agarose electrophoresis were used to study the preventive effect of telomerase-antisense DNA on hepatoma cells apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Fas, Fas-L, and bcl-2. Results: Telomerase-antisense DNA (5 ?mol/L) effectively inhibited the telomerase activity of hepatoma cells after 24 hours (P

Objective Toinvestigatethepossibilityandquantitativerangeofpepsinogen(PG)usedas the screening marker of gastric cancer by detecting serum pepsinogen level in different gastric mucous pathologic status.Method ThelevelofserumpepsinogenⅠ(PGⅠ)andpepsinogenⅡ(PGⅡ)bytimeresolvedfluoro-immunoassay(TRFIA)in 64 chronic atrophic gastritis patients,63 gastric mucous atypical hyperplasia patients, 67 gastric cancer patients and 20 healthy volunteers were defeeted ,and the ratio of PGR(PGⅠ/PGⅡ)was calculated.Then the three kinds of diseases were graded.The data was analyzed between groups and sub-groups.Result ①Compared with normal control group,the median PGⅠvalues were 1 24.01 ,91 .23 and 71 .23 respectively,which were all lower than that of healthy group (1 52.00).There were significant differ-ences(Z=-2.52,P=0.01 7 0;Z=-3.42,P=0.001 4;Z=-3.57,P=0.000 9).The median PGR values were 7.61 ,5.21 and 4.32 respectively,which were also lower than that of healthy group,the differences were significant(Z=-2.98,P=0.002 9;Z=-3.1 7,P=0.000 2;Z=-2.89,P=0.000 1 ).The PGⅡlevel of these diseases were not significantly different with control group.②The serum PGⅠlevel of gastric mucous atypical hyperplasia and gastric cancer were reduced significantly in contrast with atrophic gastritis (Z =-3.42,P =0.001 4;Z=-3.62,P=0.000 9);the levels of PGⅡand PGR were varied without significance (P>0.05 );③The levels of PGⅠamong atrophy gastritis and gastric cancer subgroup have no significant difference(χ2 =2.86,P=0.41 4 3;χ2 =1 .67,P=0.1 36 8).But the level of PGⅠwas significantly different in gastric atypical hyperplasia(χ2 =0.83,P=0.043 0).It decreased in light and medium grade dysplasia and went up in severe grade dysplasia.The levels of PGⅡ and PGR were varied without significance(P>0.05).④The areas under the ROC curves performed by the PGⅠ and PGR from normal control group and atypical hyperplasia group were 0.782 and 0.831 respectively;The sensitivity and specificity of PGⅠ≤72.1 2 μg/L and PGR≤4.32 for gastric dysplasia were 89.48%and 76.31%respectively.Conclusion ①The level of PGⅠand PGR were decreased along with the seriousness of gastric pathological changes and probably regarded as the screening markers of gastric mucous malignant transformation.②Serum pepsinogen level is closely correlated with gastric precancerous lesion,PGI≤72.1 2 μg/L and PGR≤4.32 has better specificity and sensitivity for gastric atypical hyperplasia in this area.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the work of clinical TCM pharmacists.METHODS:The problems faced by clinical TCM pharmacists were analyzed in respects of status quo of training in colleges and universities,status quo of hospital post training and status quo of continuing education.From the ability of post service,the ways to determine the duty orientation and improve the training quality of clinical TCM pharmacists were discussed theoretically.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:According to the nature of different types of medical institutions as TCM hospital,western medicine hospital,township community hospital and clinics,the responsibilities of clinical TCM pharmacists should be differentiated.TCM curriculum system of colleges and universities should be improved by adding social pharmaceutical education and TCM practical teaching.Based on the ability of post service,great importance should be attached to professional training of clinical TCM tablets after their employment.The theory,practice and research ability of clinical TCM talents should be improved by strengthening continuing education.The medical and pharmaceutical clinical TCM inter-disciplinary talent can be cultivated by improving rational drug use standard system.

AIM: To explore the roles of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in the blockage of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) against chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent (cobalt chloride, CoCl_2)-induced oxidative stress injuries in H9c2 cardiac cell. METHODS: H9c2 cells were treated with CoCl_2 to set up the chemical hypoxia-induced the model of cardiomyocyte injury. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) was added into medium for 30 min before CoCl_2 treatment. ATP content was detected by high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by rhodamine123 (Rh123) staining and photofluorography. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed using a SOD kit. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS: CoCl_2 at concentration of 600 μmol/L significantly reduced SOD activity, ATP level and MMP, and enhanced the expression of HO-1 in H9c2 cells. Pretreatment with 400 μmol/L NaHS dramatically inhibited the cytotoxicity induced by CoCl_2, increased SOD activity, ATP level and MMP, decreased HO-1 expression. 17-allylamino-17 demethoxygeldanamycine(17AAG), an inhibitor of HSP90, obviously blocked the inhibitory effect of H2S on the CoCl_2-induced cytotoxicity, reduced the levels of ATP and MMP, increased HO-1 expression. However, no significantly influence on SOD activity was observed. CONCLUSION: HSP90 may mediate the cardioprotection of H2S via inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by chemical hypoxia.

Objective To observe the serum cortisol level in ischemic stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS),and discuss the influence factors and its correlation with severity of cerebral infarction.Methods Two hundred ischemic stroke patients with onset of 6 h to 3 weeks,admitted to our hospital from July 2015 to April 2017,were recruited;all patients were monitored with polysomnography.According to apnea hypopnea index (AHI),all patients were divided into ischemic stroke without OSAS group (AHI＜5/h,n=89) and ischemic stroke with OSAS group (AHI≥ 5/h,n=111).Moreover,according to AHI,patients from ischemic stroke with OSAS group were divided into three subgroups,namely,mild subgroup (5/h ≤AHI＜15/h),moderate subgroup (15/h ≤AHI＜30/h) and severe subgroup (AHI ≥30/h).According to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores,all subjects were divided into a group of NIHSS scores no more than 10 and a group of NIHSS scores＞10.The general clinical data,biochemical indices,early morning blood pressure,serum cortisol level and sleeping parameters were detected and compared among the groups,and the main factors affecting serum cortisol levels were identified by multivariate linear regression analysis.Results (1) The serum cortisol level in ischemic stroke with OSAS patients ([195.41±75.31] μg/L) was significantly higher than that of ischemic stroke without OSAS patients ([158.65±77.28] μg/L,P＜0.05);the serum cortisol level in ischemic stroke with mild OSAS subgroup ([227.32±75.12] μg/L) was significantly increased as compared with that in the ischemic stroke with moderate OSAS subgroup and ischemic stroke with severe OSAS subgroup ([191.27±71.50] μg/L and [175.21±75.13] μg/L,P＜0.05).(2) The serum cortisol level of group of NIHSS scores＞10 was significantly higher than that of group of NIHSS scores ≤ 10 (P＜0.05).(3)AHI,NIHSS scores,longest duration of apnea,and lowest blood oxygen saturation at night had significant effects on serum cortisol levels.Serum cortisol levels increased with AHI (β=89.984,95％CI:71.325-108.644,P=0.000) and NIHSS scores (β=0.923,95％CI:0.377-1.468,P=0.001),increased with the longest sleep apnea (β=0.804,95％CI:0.262-1.325,P=0.000),and decreased with the lowest blood oxygen saturation at night (β=-0.709,95％CI:-0.290--0.041,P=0.000).Conclusion The serum cortisol level in cerebral infarction patients with OSAS was increased,and the higher the severity of cerebral infarction and OSAS is,the higher the serum cortisol level is.