Cardiovascular high risk population should receive intensive lipid-lowering therapy to reduce low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) below(2.6 mmol/L) or(1.8 mmol/L).This therapy can stop or regress atherosclerotic lesion,prevent and treat acute coronary syndrome.Individuals of coronary heart disease or risk equivalents can be benefited from intensive lipid-lowering therapy.

The massive researches confirmed intensive lipid-lowering therapy can block or reverse the progress of atherosclerosis.At present it has been believed that the term of intensive therapy should remain at least for 2 years in the patients with acute coronary syndrome.Significant reduction in the cholesterol is also essential for the patients with stable coronary heart disease.It should be realized that markedly lowering the cholesterol has latent damage and limitation.Lower lipid level does not mean better status.The adverse effects are also need to be monitored simultaneously.

Objective To determine the frequency of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-TaqIB polymorphism and investigate its relationship with plasma lipid levels and coronary hert disease(CHD). Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight patients with CHD (CHD group) and 203 age-matched controls( control group) were selected, the CETp-TaqIB mutation was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the CETP gene. Results In the total subjects, the frequency of B1 and B2 alleles were 59.4%(262/441 ) and 40.6%( 179/441 ) respectively. Compared with that in control group, the frequency of CETP genotype BIBI was higher in CHD group [39.9%(95/238) vs 29.6% ( 60/203 ), P<0.05], and the frequency of B1B2 was lower in CHD group [44.1%(105/238) vs 53.7%(109/203), P< 0.05]. Compared with that in the B2 homozygotes, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (apo)A I level were significantly lower in the B1 homozygotes [(1.19±0.36) mmol/L vs (1.38±0.39) retool/L,( 1.17±0.33 ) g/L vs ( 1.30±0.31 ) g/L, P<0.05]. The B 1 homozygotes was associated with higher degree of cononary stenosis than the B2 carriers (P<0.05 ). There was no significant association between CETP-TaqIB genotype and the risk of CHD (P=0.147). Conclusions CETP-TaqIB polymorphism affects the concentrations of lipaproteins. There are significant associations between the B1 homozygotes and lowerHDL-C and apo A I levels. The B1 allele is not an independent risk factor for CHD.

Probucol is a hypolipidemic agent with a unique pharm ac odynamic and clinical profile. It has a significant antiatherosclerogenic role a lthough it causes a marked decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-ch olesterol levels. The metabolism of HDL in vivois unclear. Some preliminary investigations suggest a beneficial effect in enhancing reverse cholesterol tra nsport which contributes to antiatherosclerosis of probucol. This paper reviews the mechanism of HDL-lowering effects of probucol.

Adipose tissue is the largest pool of free cholesterol in the body and performs "buffer" function for circulating cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol metabolism in adipocytes is closely associated with triglyceride storage. Cholesterol might serve as an intracellular signal moleculer of the adipocyte energy store and mediate some metabolic dysfunctions of enlarged adipocytes.

Objective To prepare the recombination protein and polyclonal antibodies against human apolipoprotein A5(ApoA5)and detect the expression of ApoA5 in human tissues with the antibody,then further study the fuction and serum level of ApoA5.Methods With PCR and gene recombinated techniques,the prokaryotic ApoA5 expression vector was constructed.The His-ApoA5 fusion protein was expressed in E.ColiM15,and the fusion protein was injected into New Zealand rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody.The antibody was tested for their specificity with ELISA and Western-blot,then it was used to detect the tissue distribution of ApoA5.Results It was found that there was a specific brand at 40 ku of the recombination ApoA5(rApoA5);the polyclonal antibody had high immunoreactivity and specificity.ApoA5 was expressed in human sera and hepatic tissue,not in other tissues(heart,vessel,spleen,intestine and lung),regardless of the lipid level.Conclusion The pQE30-ApoA5 is constructed successfully,the rApoA5 can be expressed in E.Coli M15;ApoA5 antibody has highly specifity.It can be used in clinical test.There is ApoA5 in human serum,and ApoA5 is expressed in liver which may be significant in lipid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the plasma lipid levels,ratio achieving the optimal goals and its possible influencing factors in patients with coronary heart disease,and to elaborate the current status of lipid-lowering therapy.Methods The incipient plasma lipid level and status of therapy from the case history data of the 101 patients with CHD who were followed up after discharge were collected.The data including blood lipid levels and medications were recorded and analyzed.Results (1)60.6%patients with CHD had elevated LDL-C,but actually 80.7% had taken lipid-lowering drugs in hospital.(2)Lipid-lowering therapy was used in 68.3% of patients during the follow-up period.According to NCEP ATP Ⅲ,the ratio achieving the optimal LDL-C goals was 65.3%.(3)The ratio achieving the optimal goals was related to income and smoking(P0.05).(4)None of the patients had apparent elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)or creatine kinase(CK).Conclusion The current status of CHD lipid-lowering therapy remains a big gap.The ratio achieving the optimal goals is related to economy status and life style(smoking),and influenced by the physician quality of care,patient compliance,drug efficacy and cost–benefit.Long-term lipid-lowering therapy is safe when the drug use and dosage are appropriate.

Aim Background tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) is produced by monocyte-macrophages and adipocytes. It may provide the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fenofibrate on serum TNF-? concentration and TNF-? secretion by adipocytes from hypercholesterolemia rabbits.Methods Ten male New Zealand white rabbits were fed with high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, and were randomly divided into two groups: ①high cholesterol group: maintained cholesterol diet for 4 wks; ② fenofibrate group: the same cholesterol diet supplemented with fenofibrate (30 mg?kg?d -1) for 4 weeks. And control group was fed with normal diet for 12 weeks. Subcutaneous adipose was collected for adipocytes culture. TNF-? concentrations in serum and adipocytes culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. Adipocytes were harvested for semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies. Results :Rabbits fed with high-cholesterol diet showed higher serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol than those fed with normal diet (P

Recently animal experiments and clinical trials indicates that statins are available for sepsis,which have been obtained unexpected effects.Now relevant experiments are reviewed and statins mechanisms probably include protecting heart function,inhibiting endothelium to dysfunction and apoptosis,anti-acute-phase response,anti-oxidative stress,etc.

Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers(ARBs) and statins are commonly used cardiovascular drugs.Their combination use has become a new topic in the research field of cardiovascular drugs.At present,many studies suggest great potential of the combination use of ARB and statins.