Objective To investigate gene variation and the relationship between gene variation and pathogenicity of transfusion transmitted virus(TTV).Methods The TTV DNA in the serum sample from a blood donor(BD) and a chronic non-A-G severe hepatitis(CSH) patient with TTV infection was amplified by using PCR.The purified PCR product was cloned and 10 clones from each case were sequenced.The sequences were compared among different clones and analyzed by Phylogentic tree.Results There were two different TTV strains in the BD and seven different TTV strains in the chronic non-A-G severe hepatitis patient.The TTV clones in the BD were of G1a subtype and those of the CSH were of G1a and G1b subtype.Conclusion Gene variant of TTV was much more complicated in the CSH patients than that in the BD ones.

Objective To evaluate hepatectomy for liver metastasis in patients of gastric carcinoma.Methods Clinical data of 32 gastric cancer cases undergoing hepatectomy for hepatic metastatic tumor were reviewed retrospectively from 2006 to 2012.16 cases underwent radical gastrectomy and synchronous hepatectomy for liver metastasis,the remaining 16 cases underwent radical resection of gastric cancer and liver resection heterochronously.The relationship between prognosis and clinicopathology was analyzed.Results The overall survival rates were 84％,50％ and 37％ in 1 year,3 years and 5 years.The median survival time was 32 months.Gastric cancer invasion depth,intravascular tumor thrombi,lymphatic metastasis and intraoperative blood transfusion was related to poor prognosis by single factor analysis,while gastric serosal invasion,tumor thrombus and liver metastasis tumor ＞ 5 cm related to poor prognosis by multiple factors analysis.Conclusions Gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis who underwent hepatic resection can achieve good prognosis if hepatic metastatic tumor ＜ 5cm or the primary gastric cancer does not invade the serosa and without tumor thrombus.

Objective:To observe the sensitivity of transcription mediated amplification (TMA),and to compare its performance with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) in detecting human immunodeficiency virus RNA (HIV RNA).Methods:TMA system was established with TaqMan probes,specific primers,moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) reverse transcriptase,T7 RNA polymerase,and reaction substrates.The sensitivity of TMA was evaluated by amplifying a group of 10-fold diluted HIV RNA standards which were transcribed in vitro.A total of 60 plasma of HIV infected patients were measured by TMA and Cobas Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test to observe the positive rate.The correlation and concordance of the above two technologies were investigated by linear regression and BlandAltman analysis.Results:TMA system was established successfully and HIV RNA transcribed standards at concentration of equal or more than 10 copies/mL could be detected by TMA technology.Among 60 samples of plasma from HIV infected patients,46 were positively detected and 12 were negatively amplified by both TMA and Cobas reagents;2 samples were positively tested by Cobas reagent but negatively tested by TMA system.The concordance rate of the two methods was 97.1％ and the difference of positive detection rate between the two methods was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Linear regression was used for 46 samples which were positively detected by both TMA and Cobas reagents and showed an excellent correlation between the two reagents (r=0.997,P＜0.001).Bland-Altma analysis revealed that the mean different value ofHIV RNA levels for denary logarithm was 0.02.Forty-four samples were included in 95％ of credibility interval of concordance.Conclusion:TMA system has the potential of high sensitivity.TMA and real-time RT-PCR keep an excellent correlation and consistency in detecting HIV RNA.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Campylobacter Infections ; microbiology ; Campylobacter fetus ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Multilocus Sequence Typing

Objective:To identify a strain isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient and to investigate its biological characteristics.Methods:The strain was analyzed by several methods including Gram staining, biochemical identification, 16S rRNA and recN gene sequencing, average nucleotide identity (ANI), antibiotic susceptibility testing and detection of drug resistance and virulence genes. Results:The strain was Gram-positive cocci and formed α-hemolytic colonies on the blood plate. It was identified as Streptococcus parasuis by 16S rRNA, recN gene and whole-genome sequencing. It was sensitive to multiple antibiotics and carried the genes encoding a variety of virulence factors such as adhesion. Conclusions:Streptococcus parasuis could cause human infection and be identified by whole-genome sequencing.

Objective:To investigate the current status of prevention and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients in Ningxia region.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 820 cirrhotic portal hypertension patients who were admitted to 21 medical centers in Niangxia region from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected, including 85 cases in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People′s Hospital, 73 cases in the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 59 cases in the Wuzhong People′s Hospital, 52 cases in the Qingtongxia People′s Hospital, 50 cases in the Guyuan People′s Hospital, 47 cases in the Yuanzhou District People′s Hospital of Guyuan City, 47 cases in the Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital, 40 cases in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 40 cases in the Tongxin People′s Hospital, 35 cases in the Yinchuan First People′s Hospital, 34 cases in the Third People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 32 cases in the Zhongwei People′s Hospital, 30 cases in the Lingwu People′s Hospital, 30 cases in the Wuzhong New District Hospital, 30 cases in the Yanchi People′s Hospital, 29 cases in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 28 cases in the Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital, 25 cases in the Shizuishan First People′s Hospital, 21 cases in the Haiyuan People′s Hospital, 20 cases in the Pengyang People′s Hospital, 13 cases in the Longde People′s Hospital. There were 538 males and 282 females, aged (56±13)years. Observation indicators: (1) clinical charac-teristics of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients; (2) overall prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients; (3) prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients from different grade hospitals. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: of 820 cirrhotic portal hypertension patients, 271 cases were in compensated stage and 549 cases were in decompensated stage. Of the 271 cases in compensated stage, there were 183 maels and 88 females, aged (53±12)years. There were 185 Han people, 85 Hui people and 1 case of other ethic group. The etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed 211 cases of viral hepatitis B, 4 cases of alcoholic liver disease, 8 cases of viral hepatitis C, and 48 cases of other etiology. There were 235 cases of Child-Pugh grade A and 36 cases lack of data. Of the 549 cases in decompensated stage, there were 355 males and 194 females, aged (57±14) years. There were 373 Han people, 174 Hui people and 2 cases of other ethic group. The etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed 392 cases of viral hepatitis B, 33 cases of alcoholic liver disease, 10 cases of viral hepatitis C, and 114 cases of other etiology. There were 80 cases of Child-Pugh grade A, 289 cases of grade B, 170 cases of grade C and 10 cases lack of data. (2) Overall prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: of 271 patients in compensated stage, 38 cases received non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) therapy, 16 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interventional therapy. Of 549 patients in decompensated stage, 68 cases received NSBB therapy, 46 cases received endoscopic treatment, 28 cases received interventional therapy. (3) Prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients from different grade hospitals: of 271 patients in compensated stage, 181 cases came from tertiary hospitals, of which 28 cases received NSBB therapy, 15 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interventional therapy. Ninety cases came from secondary hospitals, of which 10 cases received NSBB therapy, 1 cases received endoscopic treatment. There was no significant difference in NSBB for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=0.947, P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in endoscopic treatment for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=5.572, P<0.05). Of 549 patients in decompensated stage, 309 cases came from tertiary hospitals, of which 22 cases received NSBB therapy, 29 cases received endoscopic treatment, 22 cases received interventional therapy. Two hundreds and fourty cases came from secondary hospitals, of which 46 cases received NSBB therapy, 17 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interven-tional therapy. There were significant differences in NSBB and interventional therapy for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=18.065, 5.956, P<0.05). Conclusions:The proportion of receiving EUB prevention in cirrhotic portal hypertension in Ningxia is relatively low. For patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, the proportion of NSBB therapy and endoscopic treatment in the secondary hospitals was lower than that in tertiary hospitals. For patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, the proportion of interventional treatment in secondary hospitals is lower than that of tertiary hospitals, but the proportion of NSBB in secondary hospitals taking is higher than that of tertiary hospitals.