Objective To study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning (PC) on motor function and mitochondrial apoptosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.Methods Thirty-six healthy,male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (each n =12):a control (CON) group,an SCI model group and an HBO-PC group.The SCI group and the HBO-PC group after 7 sessions of HBO-PC treatment were subjected to SCI modeling using Allen's method.The CON group was not given any special treatment.Two weeks after the modeling,Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan BBB scale was used to rate the rats' locomotor function,and the T8 segment of the rats' spinal cords was removed.After extracting total RNA from the spinal cord tissue,real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels ofcaspase-3,cytochrome C (CYC),Bak,Bax,Bcl-x and Bcl-2 in the spinal cord tissue.Results Two weeks after modeling,compared with the CON group,the average BBB locomotion score of the SCI model group had decreased.In contrast,caspase-3,CYC,Bak and Bax mRNA expressions had increased significantly.Compared with the CON group,the average BBB locomotion score of the HBO-PC group had decreased,caspase-3 expression had increased,and Bax mRNA expression had decreased,but the differences in the changes between the two groups were not statistically significant.Bak mRNA expression increased and CYC expression decreased,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant.Compared with the SCI model group,the average BBB locomotion score of the HBO-PC group increased while caspase-3,CYC,Bak and Bax mRNA expressions decreased,but none of these differences between the two groups was statistically significant.Bak mRNA expression increased and CYC mRNA expression decreased,and those differences between the two groups were statistically significant.Bcl-x and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in the CON,HBO-PC and SCI model groups were significantly different.Conclusion HBO-PC can reduce the loss of motor function after SCI,at least in rats.The mechanism may be related to reducing neuron mitochondrial apoptosis.

Objective To observe the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF) on CCL4‐induced hepatic fibrosis in mice .Methods The hepatic fibrosis model was induced by subcutaneous injection of CCL 4 in mice .Thirty female Kunming mice were equally and randomly divided into three groups :fibrosis model group (A) ,NGF intervention group (B) and normal saline control group (C) .At 8 weeks following the initiation of experiment ,the samples were collected to measure ALT ,AST ,TBIL ,ALB by the fully automativ biochemical analyzer ,an the liver fibrosis indices (HA ,LN ,PC Ⅲ ) by radioimmunoassay .The Ishaki scoring system was adopted to assess the severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis degree .Results Serum levels of ALT ,AST ,HA and LN in the group A and B were significantly higher than those in the group C (F= 111 .45 ,658 .80 ,157 .43 ,167 .99 ;P< 0 .05) ,the levels of ALT 、AST and LN in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A (P< 0 .05) .The HE staining ,reticular fiber staining and Masson staining showed that the liver fibrosis degree and the liver tissue inflammation in the group A were most obvious ,the liver tissue inflamation in the group B were significantly alleviated as compared with the group A .No fibrous septum was formed and the fiber tissues were fine and short .No obvious inflammatory cells infiltration and fibers formation were found in the liver tissue of the group C .The scores of liver inflamation grade and fibrosis staging in the group C were higher than those in the group B and C ,moreover the scores of liver inflammation grade and fibsosis had statstical differences among 3 groups (P < 0 .05) .Conclusion NGF can block hepatic fibrosis induced by CCL4 and relieve the liver inflammation .

Objective To study biological characteristics of R5 tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains in different disease stage. Methods Primary clinical viruses were isolated from fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using co-culture methods; meanwhile, viral co receptor usage and infectivity were tested using flow cytometry on GHOST (3) cell lines,which expressed CD4 receptor and CC ehemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) or CXCR4 eoreceptor; to identified CCR5 tropic viruses(R5 tropic strains). Viral replication kinetics was detected in PBMCs. Plasma viral load was measured using an HIV-1 nucleotide fluorescence quantification assay kit. Results There were 22 individuals with HIV-1 subtype B' infection, in which 11 were CD4>0. 2 × 109/L and 11 were CD4≤0. 2 × 109/L. All isolated viruses used CCR5 coreceptor and therefore were HIV-1 R5 tropic strains. The infectivity of R5 tropic strains isolated from patients with CD4≤0.2 × 109/L was (7.392 7 ± 4. 584 2) % ; while the infectivity of R5 tropic strain from patients with CD4>0. 2 × 109/L was (2. 613 6 ± 1. 610 5)%. There were significant statistical difference(t= 3. 262, P<0.05). The possibility of viral replication became strong after the day 7 post-infection. There was a significant difference of viral replication between two groups in the day 7,10, 15 post-infection(t value was 3. 771, 2. 509 and 2. 260 respectively, P<0. 05). The possibility of viral replication was higher in CD4≤0.2 ×109/L group than that of CD4>0.2 × 109/L group. The logarithm of viral load was (5. 606 8 ± 0. 815 1 ) copies/mL in CD4≤0.2 × 109/L group and (4. 729 8 ± 0. 431 6) copies/mL in CD4> 0.2 × 109/L group. There was a significant difference between two groups(t = 3. 771 ; P<0.05). Conclusion Viral infection and replication are enhanced during progression of disease, even if viral coreceptor usage do not switch from CCR5 to CXCR4.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of the semen of the infertility patients infected by Gardnerella vaginalis (Gv).

METHODSSemen samples from 373 clinic patients of infertility and vaginal samples from 63 positive patients' wives were collected from April 2002 to May 2003. And the samples were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR).

RESULTSThe positive rate of the infertile males' semen infected by Gv was 44.2%, while that of the postive patients' wives was 87.3%.

CONCLUSIONThe positive rate of the infertile male's semen infected by Gv is high and Gv can be spread by sexual intercourse.

Adult ; Base Sequence ; Female ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Semen ; microbiology

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of three column osteotomy (3-CO) procedures through previous spinal fusion site for the revision surgical treatment in severe spinal deformity patients.Methods From Oct.2010 to May 2014 in our hospital,a total of 12 severe spinal deformity patients underwent 3-CO for the revision surgical treatment.There were 7 males and 5 females with the average age of (21.8±3.8) years,ranging from 18 to 30 years.The mean time from the initial operation to the revision surgery was (10.2±4.8) years (ranging from 3 to 17 years).The reasons for revision were:curve progression in 7 patients,neurologic deficit in 2 cases,implant failure in 1 patient and pseudarthrosis in 2 patients.The coronal parameters including major Cobb angle and distance between C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line (C7PL-CSVL),and the sagittal parameters including global kyphosis curve and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured pre-operatively,post-operatively and at last followup,respectively.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and complications were recorded.The paired t test was used to evaluate the difference among pre-revision,post-revision and last follow-up.Results The average operation time was (451.7±83.1) min (range,320-600 min) and the average blood loss was (4 016.7± 1 080.0) ml (range,2 700-6 000 ml).The average follow-up time after revision operation was (35.4±9.8) months (range,24-49 months).The coronal Cobb angles of pre-revision and post-revision were 83.8°±23.3°and 34.6°± 13.7°.The average correction rate was 60.1％ ±8.8％.At last follow-up,the average coronal Cobb angle was 34.9°±13.8°,there was no significant loss of correction.The pre-revision and post-revision values of global kyphosis were 99.1°±13.3°and 38.7°±7.8° with a mean correction rate of 60.8％ ±6.7％.At the last follow-up,the average global kyphosis was 39.3°±7.5°and no loss of correction was found.For the C7PL-CSVL and SVA,pre-revision (30.3± 17.1) mm and (40.1±31.1) mm were corrected to (14.3 ±7.6) mm and (19.1± 12.3) mm immediately after revision operation,respectively.At final follow-up,the average C7PL-CSVL and SVA were(14.1 ± 7.6) mm and (19.6± 12.1) mm,the correction was well maintained.Obviously,two patient's neurological status improved from Frankel C before revision surgery to Frankel E.Complications were encountered in five patients (41.7％),including SEP signal changed in 1 patient (8.3％),transient neurologic deficit after revision surgery in 1 patient (8.3％),cerebrospinal fluid leak in 1 patient (8.3％),and pleural effusion in 2 patients (16.7％).During the follow-up time,there was no patient experienced pseudarthrosis,implant failure,infection or significant loss of correction.Conclusion Based on results of this study,it was concluded that 3-CO procedures through previous spinal fusion sites could obtain satisfactory and safety results in severe spinal deformity revision surgery.However,it is a technique-demanding procedure with more blood loss,longer operative time and higher risk of perioperative complications.

Objective: To define radiographic features that response to serial casting and bracing for progressive early-onset scoliosis (EOS). Methods: A retrospective study of a total of 20 patients (10 females and 10 males) with complete radiographic data diagnosed as progressive early onset scoliosis treated with serial cast or brace for at least 12 months in the 306th Hospital of PLA from June 2011 to April 2018. Ages at initial diagnosis were all less than 5 years old. They were divided into two groups according to the main curve degree, those with cobbs angles more than 50 degree treated with serial cast, or else with brace. All the cases have radiographs of pretreatment, posttreatment, and last follow-up, and anteroposterior (lateral) film of the full length spine in standing position were taken to evaluate magnitudes and balance of coronal and sagittal malformations. We compared the general data of the two groups by independent sample t test and that of pretreatment, posttreatment and the last follow-up by paired-sample t test. Results: According to the effective standard of not less than 10 degrees improvement, 9 of them were effective, 4 cast and 5 brace, the effective rates were 44.44% and 45.45%, 3 cases from brace group progressed. The magnitudes of the main curve improved significantly after the first treatment of cast and brace (55.4±24.36 vs 42.35±23.62) degree (t=5.850, P=0.000), and at the last follow up, the curve decreased slightly compared of that before interventions (55.4±24.36 vs 51.8±26.33). The compensatory curves, segmental kyphosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, balance of both coronal and sagittal also had no significant differences between the primal and the latest follow up. The widths 159.63±19.27 mm, 160.81±14.54 mm, 176.08±28.10 mm (t=3.942, P=0.001; t=-3.096, P=0.006) and heights 153.78±29.24 mm, 161.14±29.53 mm, 175.01±36.91 mm of the thoracic were significantly different between pre-posttreatment and the last follow up (t=-5.950, P=0.000; t=-3.997, P=0.001). Serial cast and brace application can preserve the growth of the thorax. Conclusion Serial cast and brace are viable growth friendly methods to deal with progressed EOS, Although a cure improvement cannot be always expected, they can stabilize relatively large curves in young children and may help delay eventual surgical intervention.

Objective To investigate the relation between course and effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on patients with spinal cord injuries. Methods The retrospective study of 147 patients with spinal cord injuries were reviewed and on the basis of comprehensive treatment the control group was not treated with hyperbaric oxygen (NHBO group,39 cases),whereas Hyperbaric oxygen treatment group(HBO group,108 cases)were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. According to courses of HBO treatment ,from short term to long term ,the HBO group was divided into 3 subgroups,HBO1,HBO2 and HBO3 subgroup. Evaluation based on the result all selected patients assessed on the six months after the date of surgery. Results There was no significant difference in baseline data between the NHBO group and the HBO group and the overall effectiveness of the HBO group was better than the NHBO group(P<0.01). The efficacy of HBO2 and HBO3 subgroup was better than that of HBO1 subgroup. From the perspective of spinal cord function before and after treatment ,the efficacy of the HBO group was better than that of the NHBO group(P < 0.05).The efficacy of HBO2 and HBO3 subgroup was superior to that of HBO1 subgroup (P < 0.05). However there was no significant difference in total effective rate and spinal cord score between the HBO2 and the HBO3 subgroups. Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. The treatment for 3~4 courses play the best therapeutic effect.

Objective: To investigate the causes of 30-day unplanned revision surgery following one-stage posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) for severe spinal deformity and the methods of prevention and management. Methods: A total of 112 severe deformity patients underwent one-stage PVCR for surgical treatment in the 306^th Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from May 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Six patients required reoperation within 30 days after PVCR, including 2 males and 4 females with average age of 21 years (ranging from 12 to 38 years). Four cases were congenital kyphoscoliosis, 1 was post-laminectomy kyphoscoliosis and 1 was post-tuberculous angular kyphosis. Three cases associated with preoperative neurologic deficit (Frankel C in 1 patient and D in 2 patients). The causes, management and outcomes of unplanned revision surgery within 30 days after PVCR were recorded. Results: The total incidence of unplanned revision surgery within 30 days following PVCR was 5.4% (6/112). There was 1 case due to cerebrospinal fluid leak, 5 cases with varying degrees of new neurologic deficits, the causes were as followed: dural buckling in 1 case, residual bone compression in 1 case, epidural hematoma compression in 2 cases, spinal subdural hematoma in 1 case. All the 6 cases underwent surgical exploration again, including further dural repair, decompression and hematoma clearance. After unplanned reoperation, 6 cases recovered completely. The average follow-up time after surgery was 30.8 months (ranging from 10 to 60 months). The major curve at coronal plane was improved from preoperative 87.7° to 34.2°, with a mean correction of 61.0% at final follow-up; the sagittal kyphosis curve was improved from preoperative 119.5° to 45.5°, with a mean correction of 61.9% at final follow-up. Two patients′ neurological status improved from Frankel D to Frankel E, one patient′s neurological status improved from Frankel C to Frankel E. Conclusions One-stage PVCR could be an effective method for treatment of severe spinal deformity. The causes of 30-day unplanned reoperation after PVCR are as followed: cerebrospinal fluid leak, dural buckling, residual bone compression and hematoma compression. Timely surgical exploration can gain good clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To design and construct a graphene oxide (GO)/silver nitrate (Ag₃PO₄)/chitosan (CS) composite coating for rapidly killing bacteria and preventing postoperative infection in implant surgery. METHODS: GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were prepared by ion exchange method, and CS and GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were deposited on medical titanium (Ti) sheets successively. The morphology, physical image, photothermal and photocatalytic ability, antibacterial ability, and adhesion to the matrix of the materials were characterized. RESULTS: The GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were successfully prepared by ion exchange method and the heterogeneous structure of GO/Ag₃PO₄ was proved by morphology phase test. The heterogeneous structure formed by Ag₃PO₄ and GO reduced the band gap from 1.79 eV to 1.39 eV which could be excited by 808 nm near-infrared light. The photothermal and photocatalytic experiments proved that the GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS coating had excellent photothermal and photodynamic properties. In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that the antibacterial rate of the GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS composite coating against Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.81% after 20 minutes irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light. At the same time, the composite coating had excellent light stability, which could provide stable and sustained antibacterial effect. CONCLUSION GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS coating can be excited by 808 nm near infrared light to produce reactive oxygen species, which has excellent antibacterial activity under light.
Chitosan ; Silver Nitrate ; Titanium ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Coloring Agents