SPR biosensor can inspect a lot of biochemical indexes exactly,sensitively,fast and simply.It also can inspect reciprocity of inter-molecule in real time.In 20 years,it has become a popular photoelectric technique in clinical examination.This article introduces the basic principle,structure and application of SPR biosensor in clinical examination.

Objective To investigate the factors that induce constipation in bedridden patients undergoing replantation of severed finger and find countermeasures. Methods A retrospective investigation was carried out in 92 patients undergoing replantation of severed finger, their constipation and factors influencing constipation were recorded. Results 61 patients suffered from constipation in total 92 cases,the rate being 66.30%. 76 patients reduced food intake, and 59 cases presented constipation (the rate being 77.63%). Factors influencing constipation included being unaccustomed to defecate in bed (the rate that present with constipation being 87.09%),reluctant to trouble others(75.47%), side effects of drugs(55.56%) and lack of dietary knowledge (71.87%), decreasing food intake was closely bound up with constipation. Conclusions Proper psychological counseling, strengthening of health propaganda, comfortable facility for defecation, improved family support and oral food intake can significantly reduce the proportion of constipation and increase comfort degree of patients.

Objective To develope a new kind of piezoelectric immunosensor which could detect anti-HCV antibody in short time.Methods The corresponding sensitive material was fixed on the piezoelectric immunosensor by polyethylenimine adhesion and glutaraldehyde cross-linking method.The assembly condition and response characters were investigated and the piezoimmunosensor could be used in detection of clinical blood specimen.Results The respond of the positive serum was 4 times higher than that of negative serum.HBsAg had little interference to the detection of anti-HCV antibody.Conclusion The piezoelectric immunosensor prepared in this study is highly selective,easy to be operated for effective detection of anti-HCV antibody.

Objective To detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)and its resistance against rifampin (RIF ) by applying Xpert MTB/RIF assay in the clinical samples from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis,and to discuss the value of this assay in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Totally 300 clinical samples from the patients who were highly suspected with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and hospitalized in Department of Tuberculosis Section,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center of Fudan University from May 2014 to May 2015 were collected.Smear and fluorescence staining microscopy,MGIT 960 BACTEC liquid culture,Xpert MTB/RIF assay were applied to detect MTB in these samples.Meanwhile,all the patients received the peripheral blood T-cell spot of tuberculosis test (T-SPOT.TB).The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB and its resistance against rifampin (RIF)in extrapulmonary tuberculosis samples were evaluated.The measurement data of two independent samples were analyzed by using t test and enumeration data were analyzed by usingχ2 test.Results Totally 282 out of 300 clinical samples from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were included in this study,and 62.7% were male with average age of (32.1 ±24.6 )years and 37.3%were female with average age of (37.8 ±21 .0)years.When MGIT 960 BACTEC liquid culture results were considered as standard diagnosis,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay were 53.8% (95 %CI :37.4%—69.6%),100.0% (95 %CI :86.3%—100.0%),100.0% (95 %CI :80.8%—100.0%)and 63.3% (95 %CI :48.3%—76.2%), respectively.The sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in smear-positive/culture-positive samples was 92.3% (95 %CI :62.1 %— 99.6%),while that in smear-negative/culture-positive samples was only 34.6% (95 %CI :17.9%— 55 .6%).Xpert MTB/RIF assay had advantage for detecting MTB in fine needle aspirates,pus,stool and urine,but not in serous effusion and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the sensitivities of MGIT BACTEC 960 liquid culture,fluorescence smear and T-SPOT.TB were 25 .8%, 21 .8% and 70.2%,respectively,and the specificities were 95 .5 %,90.3% and 51 .6%,respectively. The diagnostic value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was not significantly different from those of MGIT BACTEC 960 liquid culture and fluorescence smear (χ2 =0.61 and 3.45 ,respectively;both P >0.05 ), while it was significantly different from T-SPOT.TB (χ2 =50.58,P <0.05).The sensitivity of T-SPOT. TB was significantly superior to Xpert MTB/RIF assay,but the specificity was relatively low.The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in RIF resistance detection were 71 .4% (95 %CI :30.3%—94.9%)and 100.0% (95 %CI :86.7%—100.0%),respectively.Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in detecting MTB in fine needle aspirates,pus,stool and urine are relatively high,but not in serous effusion and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the pros of rapid detection and the ability of detecting RIF resistance are useful for the diagnose of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in clinical settings.

Objective To explore the role of MRI(T1ρ)in the early osteoarthritis,curative efficacy monitoring and speculated that the mechanism of curative effect.Methods (1)(early OA model)A total of 28 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups.group A(treatment)and B(control)were both for 1 1 rabbits,and 6 rabbits were considered as blank control group(group C).0.5 mL 1.6% papain was injected into the right knee joint cavity both group A and B according to three times (1,4,7 days).The equivalent dilution was injected into the left knee joint cavity simultaneously.3 weeks after the first injection,and T2 WI,3D-FS-SPGR,and T1ρ mapping in sagittal plain were scanned for three groups.Randomly selected two models pathology test in the group A and B,confirm early OA model is established.(2)(treat models)Then give epimedium lavage to group A two month.The equivalent sterile saline lavage to group B.A certain time (T0 = 0,T1 = 1 mon,T2 = 2 mon)after treated do MR scanned for group A and B.Analysis of the image.T1ρvalues and the cartilage thickness in bilateral femoral condyle cartilage were measured by post-processing software.The all femurs were pathological examined.T1ρvalues and the cartilage thickness were statistic analysis. Results (1)Articular cavity injection of papain can successfully establish early osteoarthritis rabbit model which pathology has been confirmed.T1ρvalues of the experimental (group A,B)were significant higher than of the control side(P<0.05).Cartilage thickness values of the experimental (group A,B)and the control side has no statistical significance(P >0.05).(2)T1ρvalues of the Epimedium treat model (right side)were significant lower than of the pre-treatment that of the preintervention (P <0.05 ).T1ρvalues of the NS treatment (left side)and the pre-treatment has no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion (1)T1ρvalues of the early and advanced stage of OA had increased in various degree,and the values related cartilage matrix composition.(2 )Single herb Epimedium has effective to treat early stages osteoarthritis in knee joint.Spec-ulated that the possible mechanism for treatment common channel in the development of OA,which inhibition protease formation and promote proteoglycan secretion.

H7N9 avian influenza is the latest subtype of influenza virus to emerge in the world. By April 17, 2013 in Shanghai, a total of 31 confirmed cases were reported, and 11 of these patients died. The epidemiological characteristics and the clinical progress of this new human flu infection are still not clear. Thirteen confirmed patients have now been treated in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. Among the first batch of patients, hospitalised at the beginning of April 2013, two who were admitted with the same estimated date of onset of disease had very different outcomes. After active treatment at the Centre, one recovered by April 18, 2013, but one patient entered critical condition and died on April 11, 2013. The clinical and laboratory characteristics in hospital are here analysed and compared to learn more about H7N9 avian influenza. Confirmation that the observed differences are valuable for prognosis and treatment decisions for H7N9 patients awaits authentication by analysis of more patients.
Influenza in Birds ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Communicable Diseases ; Laboratories

Objective:To assess the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fetal isomerism syndrome in the first trimester.Methods:Sonographic features of 15 fetuses with isomerism syndrome diagnosed in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2015 to March 2020 were reviewed. Ultrasonic characteristics in the first trimester were analyzed, and the ultrasonic characteristics of early mid-trimester and pathological anatomical results were combined for comparison.Results:There were 6 cases of left isomerism syndrome (LIS) and 9 cases of right isomerism syndrome (RIS) in the 15 fetues.Increased nuchal translucency(NT) (≥3.0 mm, 6 cases), reversed A wave in ductus venosus (10 cases), and atrio-ventricular valve regurgitation (14 cases) were found during the first trimester. There were 14 cases with abnormal visceral laterality. Of the 15 fetues, 14 cases with cardiac malformations, including 6 cases of functional single ventricle, 8 cases of complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD), and 12 cases with great artery abnormalities. All of the 6 LIS cases had bradycardia, 3 cases had interruption of inferior vena cava (IVC). Six cases of RIS had juxtaposition of descending aorta and IVC, and 1 case of RIS had total anomalous pulmonary vein drainage. The major structural malformations were consistent with the early mid-trimester ultrasound examination or autopsy. Karyotype and chromosomal microarray were available in 12 cases and all were normal.Conclusions:Isomerism syndrome has high positive rate of fetal aneuploidies ultrasonographic marker, especially with the atrio-ventricular valve regurgitation, but the risk of chromosome abnormality is low. Ultrasound screening for fetal cardiac structural abnormalities is beneficial to the early diagnosis of isomerism syndrom in the first trimester.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and prognosis of prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal isolated vascular ring at 11-13 + 6 weeks. Methods:A total of 36 996 fetuses were selected to compare the results of ultrasound screening at 11-13 + 6 weeks and 20-24 weeks of pregnancy in Guangxi Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital from January 2016 to January 2020, the reasons for missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of fetal isolated vascular ring by ultrasonography in the first trimester were summarized. Results:Thirty-five cases were diagnosed as isolated vascular ring in the first trimester, including 19 cases right aortic arch combined with aberrant left subclavian artery with "U-shaped" vascular ring, 7 cases double aortic arch with "O-shaped" vascular ring, and 9 cases aberrant right subclavian artery with "C-shaped" vascular ring. While 155 cases were diagnosed as isolated vascular ring at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy, consisting of 18 cases of combined with aberrant left subclavian artery, 9 cases of double aortic arch, 126 cases of aberrant right subclavian artery and 2 cases of pulmonary artery sling, the diagnosis coincidence rates were 94.74%, 77.78%, 7.14%, 0(Kappa value were 0.97, 0.88, 0.13, 0). For the diagnosis of right aortic arch combined with aberrant left subclavian artery, double aortic arch and aberrant right subclavian artery in the first trimester, the specificities were 99.99%, 100%, 100%, the sensitivities were 100%, 77.78%, 7.14%, the false-positive rates were 0.01%, 0, 0, the false-negative rates were 0, 22.22%, 92.86%, and the Youden′s indices were 0.99, 0.78, 0.07.Conclusions:Right aortic arch combined with aberrant left subclavian artery and double aortic arch have high coincidence rate by ultrasonography in the first trimester, while the diagnostic coincidence rate of isolated aberrant right subclavian artery was low. Ultrasound screening for isolated vascular ring in the first trimester still needs ultrasound examination in the second trimester to exclude the minor cardiac malformations that are difficult to diagnose in the first trimester.

Objective To detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampin resistance of the clinical specimens in children by Xpert MTB DNA and resistance to rifampicin (MTB/RIF) detection system,and evaluate the application value of this method in children with tuberculosis.Method Data of 109 children cases of clinically suspected tuberculosis were collected (including 46 gastric lavage aspirate,19 sputum,10 fine needle aspiration biopsy,4 pus,14 cerebrospinal fluid,11 Serous membrance fluid,1 marrow,3 stool,1 urine specimens)between April 2014 and March 2015.All specimens were detected by smear fluorescence staining microscopy,MGIT 960 BACTEC liquid culture,Xpert MTB/RIF assay and T-SPOT.TB test respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay were analyzed in those clinical specimens.Result The sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB detection in childhood tuberculosis clinical specimen were 28.6％ and 87.5％.The sensitivity of 65 pulmonary tuberculosis (46 gastric lavage aspirate,19 sputum) which included gastric lavage aspirates and sputum was 33.3％ and 57.1％,the specificity of the two was 100.0％.In 44 extrapulmonary tuberculosis,the sensitivity of the pus and the puncture fluid was higher and approached 100.0％.The detection rate of the cerebrospinal fluid and serous cavity effusion was very low.The sensitivity was 100.0％ in smear-positive and culture-positive samples and only 30.8％ to 50.0％ in smear-negative and culture-positive samples.The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay to detect rifampin resistance were 100.0％.In clinical samples,the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was higher than that of smear fluorescence staining microscopy,but the difference was not statistically significant (X2 =0,P ＞ 0.05).The result was equivalent to that of MGIT 960 BACTEC liquid culture (28.6％ vs.27.3％,X2 =2.50,P ＞ 0.05),and far below that ofT-SPOT.TB(28.6％ vs59.7％,X2=13.92,P＜0.05).Conclusion Xpert MTB/RIF assay did not show obvious advantage in childhood tuberculosis,especially in serous cavity effusion and cerebrospinal fluid,but the advantages of detecting tuberculosis rapidly and resistance to rifampin can provide help for the clinical diagnosis and treatment in childrenhood tuberculosis.

Healthy lifestyles and good living habits are effective strategies and important approaches to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. With the development of evidence-based medicine, the evidence translation system has made some achievements in clinical practice. There is, however, no comprehensive, professional and efficient system for translating lifestyle evidence globally. Therefore, the Health Lifestyle Evidence (HLSE) Group of Lanzhou University constructed the HLSE Evidence Translation System (https://hlse.cn/), with the aim of synthesizing, evaluating, translating, and applying lifestyle-related evidence resources. This paper aims to introduce the functional module design of the evidence translation system, the system development process and testing, introduce the interface design and function demonstration, and explain the significance of constructing the HLSE.