Defecography was performed in 110 patients without any anorectal symptoms which included 57 male and 53 female with an average age of 43. 15. Normal defecography was found in 82 cases and abnormal one in 28. The normal features of defecography in 82 patients were as follows;1.There was an increase of anorectal angle during defecation. The increase was 21. 27 degrees measured-with precise axis method and 36. 72 degrees with approximate axis method.2. Reduction or obliteration of the impression of the puborectal muscle.3. There was a shortening of the anal canal by 1. 20 cm and a widening of the caliber of the anal canal to an average of 2. 23 cm.4. The resistance of the pelvic floor was good and the decending of the perineum was smaller than 3 cm during straining. The rectovaginal septum of female subjects was not deformed during straining.5. The barium paste in the distal rectum was largely or totally evacuated with an average e-vacuation rate of 90. 55%.

Objective: To assess the clinical results and value of retroperitoneal laparoscopic varicocele ligation. Methods: Sixty-eight cases of retroperitoneal laparoscopic varicocele ligation were analysed retrospectively. Results: Successful surgery was achieved in 67 cases,with average operation time of 30.5 minutes and mean post-operation hospital stay of 3 days.Two cases of recurrence were found during a 3-9 months follow-up. Conclusion:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic varicocele ligation is effective and minimally invasive.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) in modified supine Valdivia and traditional prone positions for the treatment of renal stones.Methods Clinical data of 80 consecutive patients with renal calculi who accepted PCNL from December 2012 to September 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.They were divided into modified supine Valdivia group ( n=44) and prone position group (n=36) according to the position during surgery.There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age, sex, ASA class, stone location and size (P>0.05).Total operative time, ratio of multi-access, blood loss, perioperative complications and stone-free rate were compared between the 2 groups.Results All punctures were performed successfully.No case was converted to open surgery.No severe complications such as colon injury, pleura or peritoneum perforation, or death occurred intra-and post-operatively.In prone position, 1 patient was found to develop high intra-trachea pressure because of large stone burden and prolonged operative time (130 min).This procedure was stopped and the patient received the second session of PCNL 1 week later.The mean total operative time was significantly shorter in the modified supine than in the prone position ( 67.7 ±24.5 min versus 91.5 ±29.8 min, P<0.05).There were no significant differences in ratio of multi-access (14% versus 22%), mean blood loss (1.3 ±0.2 g/L versus 1.4 ±0.7 g/L), incidence of complications (18% versus 19%), and stone clearance rate ( 80% versus 86%) between the 2 groups ( P >0.05 ) .Conclusion PCNL in modified supine Valdivia is as safe and effective as that of prone position for the treatment of renal stones, but the former is more time-saving than the latter.

Objective: To establish a rabbit unstable bladder and Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO) model, and to study on urodynamic changes. Methods: 30 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into control group and operative group. After 8 weeks, urodynamic changes were determined after they were anaesthetized by ketamine and droperidol. Results: Prominent changes of Main urodynamic parameters were found between the operative group and control group. The incidence rate of unstable bladder was 60%. Conclusion: The method of establishing rabbit model of Partial BOO is successful. It provides a platform for the study on the changes of pathology and pathophysiology of human chronic partial BOO and treatment of this kind of diseases.

OBJECTIVETo analyse different factors related to the occurrence of bladder neck contracture (BNC) and to find possible ways of reducing this complication.

METHODSAll putative factors and the numbers of BNC cases were studied with statistical analyses in 1,017 cases that had undergone transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

RESULTSThe morbidity of BNC after TURP was significantly higher than that of open operations. Small size of the prostate, longer time of operation, higher power in resection and prostatitis were factors of BNC.

CONCLUSIONProperties of the prostate and electrical current injuries of resection are the primary factors of BNC. The selection of patients and techniques of TURP are most important in decreasing the morbidity of BNC.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Contracture ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; adverse effects ; Urinary Bladder

Objective To study the relationship between cleanliness of children′s hands and diminution of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Methods Before the study all persons positive for ascaris eggs in the preliminary survey were treated with albendazole. Hand washing habit before meal and after defecation was kept in children of experimental group, but not in the control group. Kato thick smear stool examination was done once every two months for one year to compare the new infection rates in children without ascaris infection in the two groups, and the reinfection rates in the cured negative cases were also compared between them in half a month after chemotherapy. Results All the new infection rates as well as reinfection rates of each reexamination in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group ( P