Objective To explore the effects of compound matrine oxygen inhalation on prevention of oral mucosal inflammation for patients after hemopoietic stem cells transplantation. Methods A total of 60 patients with allogeneic hemopoietic stem cells transplantation were divided into observation group (30 cases, routine oral nursing and compound matrine oxygen inhalation ) and control group ( 30 cases, routine oral nursing) by random number table. We observed the degree of oral mucosal inflammation and counted the position in two groups during pre-treatment period, low cell stage and convalescence stage from one day before pre-treatment period to 29 days after transplantation. Results The incidences of oral mucosal inflammation were 10. 0%, 56. 7%, 33. 3% in the observation group and 40. 0%, 100. 0%, 93. 3% in the control group during pretreatment period, low cell stage and convalescence stage (Z=3. 406, 5. 720, 5. 002;P<0. 05). There were significant differences in the numbers of occurrence sites between the two groups during pre-treatment period, low cell stage and convalescence stage (Z =2. 866, 6. 596, 5. 448;P <0. 05). Conclusions Compound matrine oxygen inhalation can decrease the degree of oral mucosal inflammation and reduce the occurrence sites of oral mucosal inflammation.