Objective To develop a candidate reference method for the determination of sodium in serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method (ICP-MS). Methods Aluminum, as internal standard of sodium, was added into serum samples and sodium standard solutions by gravimetric analysis. The samples were digested by HNO3 and diluted, and its 23Na/27Al isotope ratios were obtained by ICP-MS. The sodium concentrations were calculated with the standard curve method in serum. Results The analytical recoveries of sodium were 100.67% and 100.15% respectively, and the precisions were 0.08% and 0.04% respectively for 2 different serum samples. The results of measuring sodium in serum of Standard Reference Material (SRM) gave the coefficients of variation (CVs) of 0.18% and 0.22% for 2 levels of standard reference material(SRM) 909b and 0.41%, 0.41% and 0.66% for 3 levels of SRM 956b. The relative deviations between the results and median of the certified value were 0.17% and 0.14% for 909b and -0.09%, -1.05%, -0.48% for 956b respectively. Conclusions The ICP-MS and aluminum internal standard method is proved to be not only precise and accurate, but also quick and convenient for measuring sodium in serum. It is promising to be a candidate reference method for determination of sodium in serum.

Objective To improve the methods of making myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model and observe the changes of electrocardiogram and ultrastructure of myocardium in rats.Methods The chest of young male SD rats through the fourth intercostal space was opened,and the left coronary artery was tied with a silicagel tube,after 30 minutes,untied to perfuse.Changes of electrocardiogram were observed and recorded.After reperfusion,the levels of AST,LDH,and CK-MB were measured and the tissue samples of the infarct areas were examined by transmission electronic microscope.Results The 90 percent of total rats were made myocardial ischemia reperfusion model successfully.In myocardial ischemia reperfusion rats:the QRS wave of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion rats was much higher than that of control group;the level of cardiac enzymes increased;myocardial and vascular endothelial cells ultrastructure was damaged seriously.Conclusions The improvement of modus operandi is right.Ischemia reperfusion can cause evident damage of myocardial and vascular endothelial cells ultrastructure in rats,and damage of myocardial cells is more severe than vascular endothelial cells.

Oral mucosal drug delivery has the advantages of rapid drug absorption, no first-pass effect and good patient compliance. However, factors such as low drug dissolution, saliva carrying the drug into the gastrointestinal tract and the existence of physiological barriers in the mucosa may affect the mucosal permeation and bioavailability of the drug. Nanotechnology applied to drug oral mucosa delivery can overcome the above disadvantages and obtain efficient absorption effect. This paper describes the physiological structure of oral mucosa and the factors affecting the absorption of drugs in oral mucosa, reviews the application of nanotechnology such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, polymer nanoparticles, polymer micelles and nanohybrid suspensions in oral mucosal drug delivery and the mechanism of promoting drug absorption, summarizes the main problems of current research, and gives an outlook on the application of nano oral mucosal drug delivery system. The main problems of current research are summarized, and the prospects for the application of nano oral mucosal drug delivery systems are discussed.

Objective:To statistically analyze the prescription writing norms of narcotic drugs for injection in the operation room and inpatient area of our hospital to improve the prescription writing quality and the efficiency of management. Methods:A retrospec-tive research method was adopted, and 17 103 prescriptions for narcotic drugs for injection in the operation room and inpatient area were collected and analyzed from June to August in 2014. Results:The irregular proportion of prescriptions of narcotic drugs for injec-tion was 9. 05%, and the abnormal item was lack of the text. The proportion of prescriptions using residual amount and needing to be marked was 4. 01%. Conclusion: Improving the management and unifying the prescriptions of narcotics, or applying the electronic prescription if allowed will improve the quality of prescriptions of narcotics and achieve the purpose of fine management.

Objective:To investigate the residual narcotics for injection after used in wards in order to provide evidence for the use standardization of narcotics for injection. Methods:A retrospective research method was adopted. Totally 5 288 prescriptions including narcotic drugs for injection in wards were collected and analyzed from June to August in 2014. Results:Only four kinds of narcotics for injection were used in wards, the residual proportion of morphine hydrochloride injection and pethidine hydrochloride injection was 2%, and that of fentanyl citrate injection was 0. 2%. Conclusion:The residue of narcotics for injection in wards is very little, and the specifi-cations of the medication in our hospital meet the demands of clinics. The research is beneficial to improving the management efficiency.

As the main chemical component of aromatic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the volatile oil of TCM has significant pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and so on. However, TCM volatile oil is easy to volatilize and oxidize, which seriously limits its application. As a kind of grid structure material, porous material has the characteristics of high specific surface area, large pore volume, adjustable pore size, strong adsorption capacity and controllable surface chemical properties. It has been widely used in adsorption separation, biomedicine, industrial catalysis, wastewater treatment and other fields. In recent years, the use of porous materials to adsorb volatile oil has provided a new strategy and method for improving the stability of TCM volatile oils. At the same time, it can realize the solidification and stability of TCM volatile oils and the application of preparations. In this review, the development and characteristics of porous materials such as mesoporous silica, mesoporous carbon, mesoporous nano hydroxyapatite, porous metal organic framework, porous starch and their application in improving the stability of TCM volatile oils are summarized, and the research strategies affecting the adsorption stability of porous materials for TCM volatile oils are discussed, in order to provide reference for the stabilization control and application of TCM volatile oils.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) on the proliferation and invasiveness of leukemia cell line U937 cells.

METHODSThree pairs of double-strand siRNA targeting IGFBP7 gene were transfected into SMMC7721 cells to select the most efficient one for U937 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of IGFBP7 in U937 cells after transiently transfected with siRNA of IGFBP7. Cell proliferation, adhesion, trans-endothelial migration and invasion were performed in transfected cells and control groups.

RESULTSAfter transfected with siRNA of IGFBP7 in U937 cells, the ability of cell proliferation was significantly decreased at 24 h (0.580 ± 0.159) compared to that of parental cells and scramble negative control (1.049 ± 0.274, 0.946 ± 0.195, respectively) (P < 0.01). Adhesion of U937 cells transfected with IGFBP7 gene specific siRNA to ECV304 cells was significantly lower than that of the control groups (0.247 ± 0.031 vs 0.406 ± 0.023 and 0.395 ± 0.011) (P < 0.01). Transendothelial membrane of U937 cells into the bottom of the 24-well plate for experimental group were less than those in the control groups \[(0.387 ± 0.021)×10(5) vs (1.017 ± 0.031)×10(5) and (0.908 ± 0.027)×10(5)\]. Cells adherent to the matrigel for experimental group were less than those in the control groups \[(0.197 ± 0.098)×10(5) vs (0.493 ± 0.067)×10(5) and (0.469 ± 0.083)×10(5)\]. The difference was significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIGFBP7 gene plays a contributing role in leukemogenesis involving in leukemic cells' proliferation and interaction with endothelial cells through adhesion, invasion and migration.

Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection ; U937 Cells

The aim of this study was to construct venus vector carrying the gene encoding insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), which provides an effective platform for exploring the function of this gene in leukemia. After digestion by restriction endonuclease, the IGFBP7 gene was recombined with the transfer plasmid. The venus particles were packaged using 293T cells to transfect K562 cells, and identification was performed by means of flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that the sequence of cloned IGFBP7 gene was the same as that in GenBank. The size of product restricted by BamHI was same as the predicted one. GFP expression was observed in 293T and K562 cells with the fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The expression level of mRNA and protein of IGFBP7 was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting in K562 cells. It is concluded that venus vector carrying IGFBP7 gene has been successfully constructed and provides basis for exploring function of IGFBP7 in K562 cells.
Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; genetics ; K562 Cells ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Transfection

Public hospitals reform is a key roadblock for the ongoing health reform.By means of such experiments as Three openings and three mechanisms,Beijing is practicing a separation of hospital regulation and management and separation of clinic and pharmacy,while building the mechanism of financial subscription for pricing,that of medical insurance adjustment,and that of hospital corporate governance.These measures aim at building a new management structure,operation mechanism and medical service model focusing on quality of care,efficiency and satisfaction.Separation of clinic and pharmacy has lowered drug proportion,average outpatient expense and out of-pocket payment of patients,as well as producing higher patient satisfaction,quality of care and hospital income.Other benefits include better management efficiency indirectly caused by separation of clinic and pharmacy,higher acceptance of the corporate governance,and service model innovation to better serve the people.

OBJECTIVETo explore the dynamic postburn changes in rat hepatic function and the effects of hyperoxic Ringer's solution resuscitation on the function.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety Wistar rats of both sexes with body weight of 250 - 300 g were employed as the model and were divided into 6 groups as A, B, C, D, E and F groups as follows: normal control (A, n = 10), early resuscitation with Ringer's solution (B, n = 40), delayed resuscitation with Ringer's solution (C, n = 30), early resuscitation with hyperoxic Ringer's solution (D, n = 40), delayed hyperoxic Ringer's solution resuscitation (E, n = 30) and burn control (F, n = 40). Blood samples were drawn from the injured rats under anesthesia at 6, 12, 24 and 48 postburn hours (PBHs), and the serum contents of ALT, AST and MDA in these blood samples were determined. Hepatic tissue samples were also harvested at the same time and served histologically.

RESULTSThe plasma ALT level at 6 PBH in all groups was higher than that in A group (P < 0.05). There was significant difference of plasma ALT levels between hyperoxic Ringer's solution treatment group an other treatment groups (P < 0.05). And there was evident difference of plasma ALT levels between hyperoxic Ringer's solution treatment groups and other treatment groups (P < 0.05). The dynamic change in plasma AST was almost similar to that of ALT. The plasma MDA level was increased obviously after injury, especially in F group (highest level). Furthermore, the MDA level in C group was higher than that in B group. The plasma MDA levels in D and E groups were evidently lower than that in all other groups (P < 0.05). It was revealed by histological examination that there were different degrees of degeneration an necrosis of hepatocytes during early postburn stage, but less so in D group.

CONCLUSIONFluid resuscitation during early postburn stage with hyperoxic Ringer's solution could inhibit the production of oxygen free radicals and blunt lipid peroxidation, and it could also enhance the host tolerance to hypoxia and prevent hepatocytes from injury, thus hepatic function was protected.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; therapy ; Fluid Therapy ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Isotonic Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Traumatic ; metabolism ; therapy