Objective To evaluate the treatment outcomes and toxicities of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with chemotherapy for children and adolescents with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Forty-three nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients less than 19 years old were recruited between April 2010 and April 2016.All patients were treated with IMRT (total dose 61.2-76 Gy) combined with cisplatin based chemotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier test was used to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).The patient's clinical characteristics,side effects and longterm effects of treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 43 patients,there were 29 (67.4％) male and 14 (32.6％) female,and the median age was 14 years old (range,6-18 years).According to AJCC 7thstaging system,2 patients were in stage Ⅱ,26 in stage Ⅲ,7 in stage ⅣA and 8 in stage Ⅳ B.All patients were confirmed as non-keratinizing carcinoma.The positive rates of EB virus VCAIgA was 53.8％ (7/13),and Rta-IgG was 60.0％ (6/10) before treatment.The median radiation dose was 70 Gy (range,61.2-76 Gy) to the primary tumor.Thirty-three (76.7％) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy,with 20 (46.5％) and 36 (83.7％) patients treated by concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy,respectively.With a median follow-up of 24 months (range,3-76 months),the 5-year OS and PFS ratios were 75.3％ and 64.7％,respectively.There were 5 patients (11.6％) occurred to bone metastasis within 2 years after treatment.Hypothyroidism was reported in 47.4％ (9/19) patients after IMRT.Conclusions Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence is mostly locally advanced diseases with poor differentiation.IMRT combined with chemotherapy produce a well treatment outcome with good tolerance in children and adolescents patients.The most common treatment failure bone metastasis.Radiation-induced hypothyroidism is common.

Objective To investigate the effects of anticancer bioactive fraction AMH-T of lichen on blood routine,organ coefficient and organ morphology by canying out short-term repeated dose toxicity test in rat so as to provide evidence for the development of anticancer drugs.Methods The nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:DDP group,DMSO group,and three AMH-T groups with the dosage of 50mg/kg,100mg/kg,and 200 mg/kg respectively.The weights of the mice were recorded every four days.At the end of the experiment,automatic biochemical analyzer and blood cell analyzer were applied to detect the serum biochemical indicators and blood routine indexes.The mice were dissected to observe the pathological changes in main organs.Heart,liver,spleen,kidney and testicle were weighed for organ coefficient calculation.Results In short-term repeated dose toxicity test,AMH-T significantly increased blood ALT and AST levels (P＜0.01) and significant change was found in other blood biochemical indexes and blood routine indexes.AMH-T had no obvious effect on weight,development of heart,liver,spleen,kidney and testicle.Conclusion When subcutaneous injection is performed,AMH-T shows hepatotoxicity,but it shows no toxicity on bone marrow hematopoietic function.

Objective To provide safety reference for the development of anti-cancer drugs by evaluating thetoxicological safety of the anticancer bioactive fraction AMH-T of lichen through the understanding of its poisonous nature and the intensity.Methods Acute toxicity test,bone marrow micronucleus test in mice,sperm malformation test in rats,Ames test and short-term repeat drug test in mice were conducted.Results Male mice were injected LD50 of 147 mg/kg and female mice 171 mg/kg.Conclusion Injection of AMH-T has acute toxicity and liver toxicity,but has no genetic toxicity.

Objective To investigate the effect of high power microwave(HPM) irradiation on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the cerebral cortex and hippoeampus of Wistar rats. Methods A total of 110 Wistar rats were used for this study.Three groups of 30 Wistar rats were exposed to HPM irradiation at intensities of 3,10,30 and 100 mW/cm~2,respectively.Twenty rats served as controls and were ex- posed to sham HPM irradiation.At 6 h,and at 1,3,7,14 and 28 d after irradiation,five rats from each group were sacrificed,and their cerebral cortices and hippocampi were harvested.HE staining was used to highlight any change in the structure of the cerebral cortex or hippocampus.Immunohistochemistry techniques and image analysis were used to study the changes in NPY and nNOS expression.Results 10 to 100 mW/cm~2 HPM irradiation caused pyc- nosis and deep staining of some neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.The increase in nNOS expression and decrease in NPY expression observed were significant at 3 days after irradiation.Conclusion HPM irradiation can induce injury in neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippoeampus,and abnormal NPY and nNOS expression.

OBJECTIVETo identify the serum protein markers for the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) syndrome to provide a molecular biological basis for the screening, prevention and therapy of the related diseases.

METHODSSerum samples were collected from the patients with GDM, PIH syndrome, and GDM complicated by PIH syndrome. IgG and albumins were removed from the samples before SDS -PAGE. The protein bands showing significant differences among the 3 samples were collected, digested and identified with mass spectrometry, and the function of the identified proteins was analyzed.

RESULTSThree SDS-PAGE were performed in parallel to confirm the differentially expressed proteins. Mass spectrometry indicated that the proteins showing obvious differences among the 3 samples were haptoglobin, protein SMG8 and apoptosis-inducing factor-1.

CONCLUSIONSThe protein markers identified in GDM complicated by PIH syndrome may be integrated into the proteomic database of gestational metabolic diseases. Identification of the associated protein markers may provide significant experimental data for the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of the related diseases.

Adult ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; blood ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Diabetes, Gestational ; blood ; diagnosis ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Haptoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; blood ; diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Proteomics ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the dynamic postburn changes in rat hepatic function and the effects of hyperoxic Ringer's solution resuscitation on the function.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety Wistar rats of both sexes with body weight of 250 - 300 g were employed as the model and were divided into 6 groups as A, B, C, D, E and F groups as follows: normal control (A, n = 10), early resuscitation with Ringer's solution (B, n = 40), delayed resuscitation with Ringer's solution (C, n = 30), early resuscitation with hyperoxic Ringer's solution (D, n = 40), delayed hyperoxic Ringer's solution resuscitation (E, n = 30) and burn control (F, n = 40). Blood samples were drawn from the injured rats under anesthesia at 6, 12, 24 and 48 postburn hours (PBHs), and the serum contents of ALT, AST and MDA in these blood samples were determined. Hepatic tissue samples were also harvested at the same time and served histologically.

RESULTSThe plasma ALT level at 6 PBH in all groups was higher than that in A group (P < 0.05). There was significant difference of plasma ALT levels between hyperoxic Ringer's solution treatment group an other treatment groups (P < 0.05). And there was evident difference of plasma ALT levels between hyperoxic Ringer's solution treatment groups and other treatment groups (P < 0.05). The dynamic change in plasma AST was almost similar to that of ALT. The plasma MDA level was increased obviously after injury, especially in F group (highest level). Furthermore, the MDA level in C group was higher than that in B group. The plasma MDA levels in D and E groups were evidently lower than that in all other groups (P < 0.05). It was revealed by histological examination that there were different degrees of degeneration an necrosis of hepatocytes during early postburn stage, but less so in D group.

CONCLUSIONFluid resuscitation during early postburn stage with hyperoxic Ringer's solution could inhibit the production of oxygen free radicals and blunt lipid peroxidation, and it could also enhance the host tolerance to hypoxia and prevent hepatocytes from injury, thus hepatic function was protected.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; therapy ; Fluid Therapy ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Isotonic Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Traumatic ; metabolism ; therapy

Rosiglitazone (ROSI), thiazolidione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activator, reduces insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It also improves vascular reactivity in T2DM patients and some animal models by unclear mechanisms. In order to investigate the effect of ROSI on aortic systolic and diastolic function of insulin resistant-hypertensive rats (IRHR) and the underlying mechanism, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with high fructose (HF) for 8 weeks to induce IRHR model. To verify IRHR model, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting serum insulin (FSI) were measured respectively in each group, and insulin sensitive index (ISI) was also calculated. Subsequently, the vascular function test was performed. The thoracic aortic ring of SD rats was mounted on a bath system. The effect of rosiglitazone on the contraction elicited by L-phenylephrine (PE) and potassium chloride (KCl) and the relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured. To explore the mechanism, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used and serum nitric oxide (NO) was measured. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Rosiglitazone reduced the level of SBP, serum insulin and improved insulin resistance in IRHRs. (2) The contractive responses of thoracic aortic rings to PE and KCl were enhanced and the relaxation response to ACh was depressed significantly in the HF group, and the effect was reversed by ROSI. (3) After pretreatment with L-NAME, the relaxation response to ACh was further impaired in the HF group, this effect was partly reversed by ROSI. (4) Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasodilator responses did not differ significantly among the groups. (5) Aortic systolic and diastolic function of the control group was not affected markedly by ROSI. (6) Compared with the control group, serum nitric oxide was significantly reduced in the HF group, but after rosiglitazone treatment it was remarkably increased. These findings suggest that ROSI can improve aortic diastolic function of insulin resistant-hypertensive rats, the mechanism of this effect might be associated with an increase in nitric oxide mediated partly by NOS pathway, a decrease in the level of blood pressure, serum insulin and the improvement of insulin resistance.
Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Vasodilation ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

AIMTo study the protective effects and the mechanisms of sevoflurane on ischemic cerebral neurons.

METHODSWith electrophysiological microelectrode recoding technique, the OPS of hippocampal slices deprived with oxygen and glucose (OGD) and injured from toxicity of glutamate (Glu) in the control group, 2% sevoflurane group and 4% sevoflurane group were observed. The changes of ultrastructure in the three groups were also observed respectively.

RESULTSIn the control group and 2% sevoflurane group it didn't show the improvement of recovery in OPS of hippocampal slices injured from OGD and Glu. In 4% sevoflurane group the recovery degree and the recovery rate of OPS were obversely. With electricmicroscope, it was founded that in the control group and 2% sevoflurane group, the pyramidal neurons in CA1 regions deprived with glucose and oxygen and exposured by Glu were damaged. Intercellular edema were severe, the nucleus membranes were not complete, the chromatin formed mass, the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm were degenerate, mitochondrion swelled. In 4% sevoflurane group, the pyramidal neurons in CA1 regions did not swell obviously, the nucleus was clear, the nucleus membranes were complete and the mitochondria swelled lightly.

CONCLUSION4% sevoflurane could protect hippocampal neurons deprived with glucose and oxygen from the damage. The probable mechanism is 4% sevoflurane reduced the excitatory of Glu.

Anesthetics, Inhalation ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; blood supply ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; pharmacology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment on hand burn, and to make a cost-effectiveness analysis.

METHODSSixty-two patients with ninety-eight affected hands were divided into rehabilitation group (32 cases, 48 hands) and control group (30 cases, 50 hands). Patients in rehabilitation group received comprehensive rehabilitation treatment at early stage after burn; patients in control group were given instructions for function training at the same time. The functions of the hands to be restored including grasp, hold, pinch, nip, forearm pronation and supination, fetching, laying, and writing abilities of patients in both groups were quantitatively evaluated with Carroll's upper extremity function test before treatment and 5 months after. Direct medical costs of patients in both groups within 5 months were respectively added up to make a cost-effectiveness analysis.

RESULTSIn rehabilitation group, function of digital opposition, palmar opposition, holding, and pinching of 37 hands recovered well, with which patients could pick food, put on clothes, go to toilet, and self-care etc. independently. Function of digital opposition, palmar opposition, holding, pinching half recovered in 7 hands, accompanied with well recovered of metacarpophalangeal function, but recovery of function of interphalangeal joint was less satisfactory. Although patients could grasp and hold, they were still poor in fine and harmonized activities. Joint ranges of motion of 4 hands were poor with limited function, and this was resulted from not strictly following treatment for remaining granulation wound. In control group, 23 hands received reconstructive surgery, 14 of them recovered with good function, but were poor in most of fine and harmonized activities. Severe claw hands were found in 13 hands. The ratio between total mean cost value and total function increment value in rehabilitation group (181 +/- 11) was obviously lower than that in control group (298 +/- 30, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSComprehensive rehabilitation treatment at early stage after hand burn has a good effect on prevention and treatment of hand deformity, promoting recovery of hand function and improving hand appearance. It is also less costly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; rehabilitation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rehabilitation ; economics ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) have been a challenging concern of health-care associated infections. The aim of the current study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and clonal dissemination of CRAB isolates in a Chinese teaching hospital. METHODS: Non-duplicate clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected from inpatients, and we measured the minimal inhibitory concentrations to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to detect carbapenem-resistance genes and occurrence of transposons among CRAB isolates. Moreover, the genetic diversity among isolates and clonal dissemination were determined by repetitive element PCR-mediated DNA fingerprinting (rep-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS: A total of 67 CRAB isolates displayed resistance to most of the antibiotics tested in this study, except tigecycline. We detected blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, and blaVIM genes in 94.0%, 100.0%, 1.5%, and 80.6% of the CRAB isolates, respectively. Nevertheless, 74.6% of the CRAB isolates co-harbored the blaOXA-23 and blaVIM. Only one type of transposons was detected: Tn2008 (79.1%, 53/67). Although 12 distinctive types (A-L) were determined (primarily A type) ST195 was the most prevalent sequence type (ST). ST368, ST210, ST90, ST829, and ST136 were also detected, and all belonged to clonal complex 208 (CC208) and global complex 2 (GC2). CONCLUSION The blaOXA-23 and blaVIM genes contributed to the resistance among CRAB isolates collected in our study. Notably, most of the CRAB strains co-harbored blaOXA-23 and blaVIM genes, as well as Tn2008, which could contribute to clonal dissemination. The prevalence of such organisms may underlie hospital acquired infections.