The paper is to report the establishment of a method for the determination of multi-residue organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Fifty-six pesticides were extracted by high-speed homogenization, and then purified through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by GC-ECD equipped with dual tower, dual column and two micro-ECD detectors. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 3 TCMs samples' extracts, spiked at three concentration levels for each pesticide. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) better than 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) for most of the targeted pesticides tested was below 0.01 mg kg(-1). The method had good extraction efficiency, purification effect and good reproducibility, which could be applied to the determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in the routine analysis of TCMs.

OBJECTIVETo observe the harmful effects of oxygen free radicals and the protective roles of Tiopronin in severely scalded rats after delayed fluid resuscitation.

METHODSRats inflicted with 30% III degree scald on the back were employed as the model. They were divided into delayed resuscitation (D) and Tiopronin treatment (T) groups. The changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and subeschar fluid were determined at 24 to 48 postburn hours (PBHs) by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) technique and other routine methods. And the pathomorphological changes in the heart, liver, kidneys and small intestine, and changes in the blood biochemical indices were simultaneously determined. Normal rats were taken as control group (N).

RESULTSThe plasma SOD level was was lower than that in N group, while the MDA content in plasma and subeschar fluid in D group was much higher than that in N group. Changes in all the blood biochemical and internal organ pathomorphology were more obvious in the D group. on the other hand, the rat plasma SOD level in T group increased obviously (P < 0.01) while the MDA contents was decreased in T group (P < 0.05) when compared with those rats of D group. In addition, the internal organ pathomorphology and blood biochemical indices were improved evidently in T group.

CONCLUSIONOxidative stress injury was evoked in severely scalded rats after delayed fluid resuscitation, and it could be protected to some extent by Tiopronin.

Animals ; Burns ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Tiopronin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcomes of superior labrum from anterior to posterior (SLAP) repair and biceps tenodesis in treating type I SLAP injury.

METHODSFrom March 2009 to March 2012, 38 patients with type II SLAP injury were treated with SLAP repair and biceps tenodesis, and all patients were unilateral SLAP injury. Sixteen patients treated with biceps tenodesis included 8 males and 7 females with an average age of (49.3±3.7) years old (ranged, 45 to 54); 10 cases were on the left side and 6 cases on the right side; 10 cases were caused by falling down, 2 cases were caused by throwing damage and 4 cases were caused by daily life damage; the time from injury to operation were from 3 to 8 weeks. Twenty-two patients treated with SLAP repair included 14 males and 8 females with an average age of (49.0±2.8) years old (ranged, 44 to 56); 13 cases were on the left side and 9 cases were on the right side; 14 cases were caused by falling down, 5 cases were caused by throwing damage and 3 cases were caused by daily life damage; the time from injury to operation were from 3 to 7 weeks. Preoperative, postoperative at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years' UCLA and SST score were compared between two groups.

RESULTSThere was no significant differences in UCLA and SST score between two groups before operation. At 6 months after operation, UCLA and SST score in biceps tenodesis group was higher than SLAP group, and action,range of anteflexion, strength of anteflexion, degree of satisfaction in biceps tenodesis group was higher than SLAP group. There was no significant meaning in SST and UCLA score between two groups at 1 and 2 years after operation.

CONCLUSIONShort-term efficacy of biceps tenodesis for SLAP injury is better than SLAP repair, but long-term efficacy is fairly.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery ; Tenodesis

OBJECTIVETo explore the dynamic postburn changes in rat hepatic function and the effects of hyperoxic Ringer's solution resuscitation on the function.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety Wistar rats of both sexes with body weight of 250 - 300 g were employed as the model and were divided into 6 groups as A, B, C, D, E and F groups as follows: normal control (A, n = 10), early resuscitation with Ringer's solution (B, n = 40), delayed resuscitation with Ringer's solution (C, n = 30), early resuscitation with hyperoxic Ringer's solution (D, n = 40), delayed hyperoxic Ringer's solution resuscitation (E, n = 30) and burn control (F, n = 40). Blood samples were drawn from the injured rats under anesthesia at 6, 12, 24 and 48 postburn hours (PBHs), and the serum contents of ALT, AST and MDA in these blood samples were determined. Hepatic tissue samples were also harvested at the same time and served histologically.

RESULTSThe plasma ALT level at 6 PBH in all groups was higher than that in A group (P < 0.05). There was significant difference of plasma ALT levels between hyperoxic Ringer's solution treatment group an other treatment groups (P < 0.05). And there was evident difference of plasma ALT levels between hyperoxic Ringer's solution treatment groups and other treatment groups (P < 0.05). The dynamic change in plasma AST was almost similar to that of ALT. The plasma MDA level was increased obviously after injury, especially in F group (highest level). Furthermore, the MDA level in C group was higher than that in B group. The plasma MDA levels in D and E groups were evidently lower than that in all other groups (P < 0.05). It was revealed by histological examination that there were different degrees of degeneration an necrosis of hepatocytes during early postburn stage, but less so in D group.

CONCLUSIONFluid resuscitation during early postburn stage with hyperoxic Ringer's solution could inhibit the production of oxygen free radicals and blunt lipid peroxidation, and it could also enhance the host tolerance to hypoxia and prevent hepatocytes from injury, thus hepatic function was protected.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; therapy ; Fluid Therapy ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Isotonic Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Traumatic ; metabolism ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo enlarge the ratio of length to width of a prefabricated random skin flap in a short period, in order to meet a special clinical need.

METHODSA white rat and a white mini-pig was chosen for an animal model for the experiment. They were divided into the experimental group and the control. The prefabricated flap was formed as the planned design. In the experimental group, the flaps were treated with a desired pressure in certain intervals at the planned part of the flap. We estimated and inspected the digitized perfusion of flap microcirculation, and made overcong and wide random skin flap survive within 24 hours, and this technique was finally used for the clinical wound treatment.

RESULTSAs expected, the survival area of the flap in the experimental group was significantly larger than the control. This technique was successfully used to repair the defects of the special sites in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

CONCLUSIONThe method of quickly prefabricated random flap could enlarge the ratio of length to width of the flap and put the flap in shape in short time. With the digitized estimating and inspecting, this method could obviously improve the survival area of the random flap and could also be very useful for the clinical treatment.

Adult ; Animals ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; supply & distribution ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the diagnosis and therapy experience of vascular ring combined with tracheal compression in infants and neonates.Methods Sixteen cases(including 7 boys and 9 girls,aged 1 day to 12 months)with vascular ring combined with tracheal compression hospitalized in Guangdong General Hospital from Jun.2004 to Dec.2009 were enrolled.In these 16 children,13 cases had congenital heart malformations.All children underwent X-ray,echocardiography and spiral computed tomography examination.Nine cases received bronchoscopy study.Fifteen cases performed surgical division of vascular ring with cardiopulmonary bypass and 1 case underwent vascular ring division and tracheoplasty.Eleven cases received management of congenital heart defect simultaneously.Results Vascular ring anomalies included pulmonary artery sling in 5 children,right aortic arch-left ligmentum/aberrant left subclavian artery in 8 cases,double aortic arch in 1 case,innominate artery compression in 1 case,and pulmonary sling combined with right aortic arch-aberrant left subclavian artery in 1 case.There were 2 ring-sling complex cases in this study.The diagnosis of vascular ring were correctly made by echocardiography in 7 children and made by spiral computed tomography in all 16 cases.Two cases combined with tracheal ring died.In the follow-up study of 11 cases,5 cases were still vulnerable to wheezing.Conclusions The common presentation of tracheal compression in infants and neonates associated with vascular ring are tachypea,stridor,and dyspnea.Multi-slices spiral computed tomography is an important imaging modality.Surgical divisions of vascular ring are safe procedure in most cases and tracheal compression can be relieved by this operation.In patients with severe tracheal stenosis,tracheoplasty should be recommended.

The paper is to report the establishment of a method for the determination of multi-residue organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Fifty-six pesticides were extracted by high-speed homogenization, and then purified through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by GC-ECD equipped with dual tower, dual column and two micro-ECD detectors. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 3 TCMs samples' extracts, spiked at three concentration levels for each pesticide. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) better than 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) for most of the targeted pesticides tested was below 0.01 mg kg(-1). The method had good extraction efficiency, purification effect and good reproducibility, which could be applied to the determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in the routine analysis of TCMs.
Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Chromatography, Gel ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ; analysis ; Limit of Detection ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Pyrethrins ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Solid Phase Extraction

Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Hepatitis A ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Safety ; Sampling Studies ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; adverse effects ; immunology

The hemagglutinin (HA) gene from H5N1 avian influenza virus and the chicken interleukin 2 (chiIL-2) gene were inserted into a expressing vector p12LS to construct a recombinant transferring vector p12LSH5AIL2, in which HA gene under the control of the promoter Ps was in inverse tandem connection with the chiIL-2 gene under the control of the promoter PE/L. The p12LSH5AIL2 was then used to transfect the chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) pre-infected with a wild-type fowlpox virus 282E4 strain, to generate a recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing the inserted HA and chiIL2 genes (rFPV-H5AIL2). The rFPV-H5AIL2 was obtained and purified by blue plaque screening on the CEF. The in vitro expression of HA gene by rFPV-H5AIL2 was detected in the recombinant fowlpox virus-infected CEFs with an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and the expression of the chiIL2 gene by rFPV-H5AIL2 was confirmed by detection of the chiIL2 mRNA by RT-PCR and by detection of chiIL2 by the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Experiments on SPF and commercial chickens demonstrated that the titer for HI antibodies induced by the rFPV-H5AIL2 was significantly higher than that by the rFPV-HA. The group immunized with the rFPV-H5AIL2 exhibited the similar ratios of protective efficacy and virus shedding as the group immunized with the rFPV-HA in SPF chicken. However, in commercial chicken, the group immunized with the rFPV-H5AIL2 generated significantly higher protection against H5N1 avian influenza virus challenge and lower virus shedding than the group immunized with the rFPV-HA. This study paved the way for further development of a new AIV recombinant vaccine.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Fowlpox virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hemagglutinins ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza in Birds ; immunology ; virology ; Interleukin-2 ; genetics ; immunology ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), against H9c2 cardiomyocytes from injuries induced by chemical hypoxia.

METHODSH9c2 cells were treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent, to establish the chemical hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury model. NAC was added into the cell medium 60 min prior to CoCl2 exposure. The cell viability was evaluated using cell counter kit (CCK-8), and the intercellular ROS level was measured by 2', 7'- dichlorfluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining and photofluorography. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of the cells was observed by Rhodamine123 (Rh123) staining and photofluorography, and the ratio of GSSG/ (GSSG+GSH) was calculated according to detection results of the GSSG kit.

RESULTSExposure of H9c2 cardiomyocytes to 600 micromol/L CoCl2 for 36 h resulted in significantly reduced cell viability. Pretreatment with NAC at the concentrations ranging from 500 to 2000 micromol/L 60 min before CoCl2 exposure dose-dependently inhibited CoCl2-induced H9c2 cell injuries, and obviously increased the cell viability. NAC at 2000 micromol/L obviously inhibited the oxidative stress induced by CoCl2, decreased the ratio of GSSG/(GSSG+GSH), increased ROS level, and antagonized CoCl2-induced inhibition on MMP.

CONCLUSIONNAC offers obvious protective effect on H9c2 cardiomyocytes against injuries induced by chemical hypoxia by decreasing in the ratio of GSSG/(GSSG+GSH) and ROS level and ameliorating MMP.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism