Catalytic activity of activated carbon supported tungstosilicic acidin synthesizing 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl1,3-dioxolane, 2,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-l,3-dioxolane, cyclohexanone ethylene ketal, cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, butanone ethylene ketal, butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane was reported. It has been demonstrated that activated carbon supported tungstosilicic acid is an excellent catalyst. Various factors involved in these reactions were investigated. The optimum conditions found were: molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol is 1/1.5, mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants is 1.0%, and reaction time is 1.0 h. Under these conditions, the yield of 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-l,3-dioxolane is 61.5%, of 2,4-dimethyl2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane is 69.1%, of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal is 74.6%, of cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 80.1%, of butanone ethylene ketal is 69.5%, of butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 78.5%, of 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane is 56.7%, of 4-methyl-2-phenyl- 1,3-dioxolane is 86.2%, of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.5%, of 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.9%.

Carthamus tinctorius L.,a classic traditional Chinese medicine,has been widely used for cardiovascular disease.In recent years,there are more and more studies on the anti-tumor effects of safflor yellow pigment.This review summarizes the effectiveness and mechanisms of the safflower yellow pigment on anti-tumor,in order to provide a new therapeutic way for anti-tumor therapy by traditional Chinese medicine.

As the main chemical component of aromatic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the volatile oil of TCM has significant pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and so on. However, TCM volatile oil is easy to volatilize and oxidize, which seriously limits its application. As a kind of grid structure material, porous material has the characteristics of high specific surface area, large pore volume, adjustable pore size, strong adsorption capacity and controllable surface chemical properties. It has been widely used in adsorption separation, biomedicine, industrial catalysis, wastewater treatment and other fields. In recent years, the use of porous materials to adsorb volatile oil has provided a new strategy and method for improving the stability of TCM volatile oils. At the same time, it can realize the solidification and stability of TCM volatile oils and the application of preparations. In this review, the development and characteristics of porous materials such as mesoporous silica, mesoporous carbon, mesoporous nano hydroxyapatite, porous metal organic framework, porous starch and their application in improving the stability of TCM volatile oils are summarized, and the research strategies affecting the adsorption stability of porous materials for TCM volatile oils are discussed, in order to provide reference for the stabilization control and application of TCM volatile oils.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Ligularia xanthotricha.

METHODSilica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data (IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT) and chemical evidence.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated and identified as follows: lupeol (1), lupeol palmitate (2), 3, 28-dihydroxyl-lupeol (3), betulinic acid (4), taraxasterol (5), taraxasteryl palmitat (6) and taraxasteryl acetate(7).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the reinfection rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosa by two measures of oral plaque control on patients, and to demonstrate the necessity and better method of plaque control on those patients.

METHODS148 patients suffered gastritis or gastroduodenal ulcer were assigned into test group 1 (54 patients), test group 2 (55 patients) and control group (39 patients). 13C-urea breath test proved that there were no H. pylori in their gastric mucosa. Daily plaque control was used in test group 1, oral professorial interventions were added into test group 2, neither daily plaque control nor oral professorial interventions was conducted in control group. All patients were conducted 13C-urea breath test again after half a year to determine the reinfection rate of H. pylori in gastric mucosa.

RESULTS5 patients were eliminated because of stopping mouthwash in the test group 1, 8 patients failed to control dental plaque in the test group 2. The infection rates of H. pylori in gastric mucosa of test group 1, test group 2 and control group were 67.3%, 19.1%, 82.1%, respectively. The infection rate of H. pylori of test group 2 was lower significantly than that in control group and test group 1 (chi2=33, P<0.05; chi2=31.06, P<0.05). There were no significant difference between test group 1 and control group (chi2=2.43, 0.1

CONCLUSIONDental plaque is an important source of gastric H. pylori reinfection. Dental plaque control procedures should be performed in the treatment of gastric disease correlated with H. pylori. The method of mixing professional dental plaque control and solution of mouthwash was better.

Adult ; Breath Tests ; Dental Plaque ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter Infections ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Catalytic activity of activated carbon supported tungstosilicic acid in synthesizing 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl- 1,3-dioxolane, 2,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane, cyclohexanone ethylene ketal, cyclohexanone 1,2-propa- nediol ketal, butanone ethylene ketal, butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane was reported. It has been demonstrated that activated carbon supported tungstosilicic acid is an excellent catalyst. Various factors involved in these reactions were investigated. The optimum conditions found were: molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol is 1/1.5, mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants is 1.0%, and reaction time is 1.0 h. Under these conditions, the yield of 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane is 61.5%, of 2,4-dimethyl- 2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane is 69.1%, of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal is 74.6%, of cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 80.1%, of butanone ethylene ketal is 69.5%, of butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 78.5%, of 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane is 56.7%, of 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane is 86.2%, of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.5%, of 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.9%.

Sinocalycanthus chinensis, an endangered species endemic to China, is cultivated as an ornamental landscape tree in China. However, S. chinensis, Chimonanthus species and Calycanthus floridus are difficult to be distinguished in seedling market because of their similar morphological characters. In this study, ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) were applied to detect S. chinensis from its closely related species. A unique 748-bp band was found in all accessions of S. chinensis. SCAR (sequence characterized amplified regions) markers were created by cloning and sequencing the specific band, and designing a pair of primers to amplify the band of 748 bp. Diagnostic PCRs were performed using the primer pair with the total DNAs of S. chinensis, Chimonanthus species and C. floridus as templates, with only S. chinensis being able to be amplified. This amplification is not only rapid (results can be obtained in less than 3 h), but is also easy to perform. Hence it is a feasible method for identifying S. chinensis in seedling market.
Calycanthaceae ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To prove the existence neurons in the rat corpus callosum, the potential function of these neurons and their connection. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used performed to examine the expressions of NeuN, a mature neuron marker,and N-type voltage-dependent valcium channel alpha1-subunit (Cav2.2)in the section of the rat corpus callosum. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) normal sodium solution (30%), the retrograde tracer,was injected under the frontal forceps of corpus callousm and HRP absorbed by the process of neurons in the brain slices was stained with tetramethyl benzidine. RESULTS: There were some NeuN positive cells in the rat corpus callosum and Cav2.2 was detected in some of these NeuN positive cells.Neurons with positive HRP were found in the rat corpus callosum and some of these neurons connected to the cortex or corpus striatum. CONCLUSION There are a few neurons in the corpus callosum of adult rats and some of them express Cav2.2. Neurons in the corpus callosum have connections with the brain cortex or corpora striatum.
Animals ; Calcium Channels, N-Type ; biosynthesis ; Corpus Callosum ; cytology ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Neural Pathways ; physiology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Nuclear Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), against H9c2 cardiomyocytes from injuries induced by chemical hypoxia.

METHODSH9c2 cells were treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent, to establish the chemical hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury model. NAC was added into the cell medium 60 min prior to CoCl2 exposure. The cell viability was evaluated using cell counter kit (CCK-8), and the intercellular ROS level was measured by 2', 7'- dichlorfluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining and photofluorography. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of the cells was observed by Rhodamine123 (Rh123) staining and photofluorography, and the ratio of GSSG/ (GSSG+GSH) was calculated according to detection results of the GSSG kit.

RESULTSExposure of H9c2 cardiomyocytes to 600 micromol/L CoCl2 for 36 h resulted in significantly reduced cell viability. Pretreatment with NAC at the concentrations ranging from 500 to 2000 micromol/L 60 min before CoCl2 exposure dose-dependently inhibited CoCl2-induced H9c2 cell injuries, and obviously increased the cell viability. NAC at 2000 micromol/L obviously inhibited the oxidative stress induced by CoCl2, decreased the ratio of GSSG/(GSSG+GSH), increased ROS level, and antagonized CoCl2-induced inhibition on MMP.

CONCLUSIONNAC offers obvious protective effect on H9c2 cardiomyocytes against injuries induced by chemical hypoxia by decreasing in the ratio of GSSG/(GSSG+GSH) and ROS level and ameliorating MMP.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during ex-vivo expansion, MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow. At each passage, the characteristics of proliferation kinetics, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential were analyzed, and cell morphology, surface markers were investigated as well. The karyotype analysis was done in different passage cells. The infection HIV, HCV, HBV and TP were detected by ELISA. Mycoplasma contamination in vitro was detected by PCR method. HLA-SBT was used to reanalyze the results of HLA antigens and alleles. STR genetic loci were detected by PCR in the MSC1, MSC2, MSC3 and MSC4. The results indicated that the proliferative ability and osteogenic potential decreased with the increase of passage number during culture expansion. The multiple differentiation potential of MSCs was maintained during their life span. Karyotype analysis showed that MSCs from 4 groups before passage 8 were normal. The expression of CD29, CD44, CD105, CD166 and CD73 were positive. The expression of CD14, CD34, CD45, CD80, CD86 were all negative. SBT was used to identify HLA-A, B, Cw, DRB1, DRPB1, DQ alleles in the MSC1, MSC2, MSC3, MSC4. The genetype of STR in the MSC1, MSC2, MSC3, MSC4 was different. MSC 3 was examined by TP-ELISA to confirm the infectious disease of TP. MSC2 was contaminated by mycoplasma at passage 5. It is concluded that culture expansion causes MSCs to gradually lose their stem cell properties. During ex-vivo expansion of MSCs, the osteogenic differentiation potential is decreased. MSCs before passage 8 can be a valuable subject for basic research and clinical application.
Adipogenesis ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Osteogenesis