Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary, which binds to its receptors expressed on the membrane of Sertoli cells in the testis to bring about spermatogenesis. With the development of DNA sequencing technology, FSH SNPs rs10835638 and FSHR SNPs rs6165, rs6166, and rs1394205 were detected, which might directly affect the expression of FSH and activity of FSHR, resulting in male spermatogenic dysfunction. This review focuses on the relationship of FSH and FSHR gene polymorphisms with male infertility.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, FSH ; genetics ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis

The main treatment strategies for chronic pancreatitis in young patients include therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) intervention and surgical intervention. Therapeutic ERCP intervention is performed much more extensively for its minimally invasive nature, but a part of patients are referred to surgery at last. Historical and follow-up data of 21 young patients with chronic pancreatitis undergoing duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection were analyzed to evaluate the outcomes of therapeutic ERCP intervention and surgical intervention in this study. The surgical complications of repeated therapeutic ERCP intervention and surgical intervention were 38% and 19% respectively. During the first therapeutic ERCP intervention to surgical intervention, 2 patients developed diabetes, 5 patients developed steatorrhea, and 5 patients developed pancreatic type B pain. During the follow-up of surgical intervention, 1 new case of diabetes occurred, 1 case of steatorrhea recovered, and 4 cases of pancreatic type B pain were completely relieved. In a part of young patients with chronic pancreatitis, surgical intervention was more effective than therapeutic ERCP intervention on delaying the progression of the disease and relieving the symptoms.

This study aimed to analyze the etiology of the encephalitis outbreak in Longyan, Fujian Province, China in 2010, in order to provide valuable information for this prevention and control of this disease. Pathogens were confirmed from cerebrospinal fluid samples with fluorescent RT-PCR, virus isolation (RD cells), and neutralization tests. Then, the VP1 fragments or whole genome nucleotide sequences were determined for four virus strains using PCR. Homology was assessed using the MegAlign software, and a phylogenetic evolutionary tree was drawn using Mega 4.0 software. The results confirmed that the etiology of the outbreak was the ECHO6 intestinal virus, and the nucleotide sequence of the VP1 segment indicated that the C2 subtype was responsible. The genome sequence consisted of 7407 nucleotides, and resembled the genome of other ECHO and CoxB viruses with homology levels of 78.5%-87.3%. The encephalitis outbreak in Longyan in 2010 was caused by the ECHO6 C2 subtype intestinal virus, and its complete genome sequence length is similar to the standard strain (U16283) with a sequence homology of 80.4%.
Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Echovirus 6, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Echovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Encephalitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of the Trp-p8 protein in the prostate tissue of the PSA "grey zone" with different PSA density of the transition zone (PSADTZ) and explore the value of determining Trp-p8 expression and PSADTZ in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODSThis study involved 30 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and another 30 cases of PCa with different PSADTZ values. Using a data imaging and analysis system, we determined the expression levels of Trp-p8 in BPH and PCa tissues and analyzed their correlation with PSADTZ.

RESULTSThe expression of Trp-p8 was weak or negative in the BPH but strong in the PCa tissue and even stronger in the PCa tissue with high PSADTZ (F = 34. 05, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Trp-p8 protein is expressed differently in BPH and PCa tissues of the PSA " grey zone" and its expression is positively correlated with PSADTZ. Determination of the Trp-p8 expression and PSADTZ contributes to the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; TRPM Cation Channels ; metabolism

Acetylcysteine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Mice ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Ligularia xanthotricha.

METHODSilica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data (IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT) and chemical evidence.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated and identified as follows: lupeol (1), lupeol palmitate (2), 3, 28-dihydroxyl-lupeol (3), betulinic acid (4), taraxasterol (5), taraxasteryl palmitat (6) and taraxasteryl acetate(7).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

The hemagglutinin (HA) gene from H5N1 avian influenza virus and the chicken interleukin 2 (chiIL-2) gene were inserted into a expressing vector p12LS to construct a recombinant transferring vector p12LSH5AIL2, in which HA gene under the control of the promoter Ps was in inverse tandem connection with the chiIL-2 gene under the control of the promoter PE/L. The p12LSH5AIL2 was then used to transfect the chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) pre-infected with a wild-type fowlpox virus 282E4 strain, to generate a recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing the inserted HA and chiIL2 genes (rFPV-H5AIL2). The rFPV-H5AIL2 was obtained and purified by blue plaque screening on the CEF. The in vitro expression of HA gene by rFPV-H5AIL2 was detected in the recombinant fowlpox virus-infected CEFs with an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and the expression of the chiIL2 gene by rFPV-H5AIL2 was confirmed by detection of the chiIL2 mRNA by RT-PCR and by detection of chiIL2 by the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Experiments on SPF and commercial chickens demonstrated that the titer for HI antibodies induced by the rFPV-H5AIL2 was significantly higher than that by the rFPV-HA. The group immunized with the rFPV-H5AIL2 exhibited the similar ratios of protective efficacy and virus shedding as the group immunized with the rFPV-HA in SPF chicken. However, in commercial chicken, the group immunized with the rFPV-H5AIL2 generated significantly higher protection against H5N1 avian influenza virus challenge and lower virus shedding than the group immunized with the rFPV-HA. This study paved the way for further development of a new AIV recombinant vaccine.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Fowlpox virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hemagglutinins ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza in Birds ; immunology ; virology ; Interleukin-2 ; genetics ; immunology ; Random Allocation

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Factor IX ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Factor VIII ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hemophilia A ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Hemophilia B ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Humans

The main treatment strategies for chronic pancreatitis in young patients include therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) intervention and surgical intervention. Therapeutic ERCP intervention is performed much more extensively for its minimally invasive nature, but a part of patients are referred to surgery at last. Historical and follow-up data of 21 young patients with chronic pancreatitis undergoing duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection were analyzed to evaluate the outcomes of therapeutic ERCP intervention and surgical intervention in this study. The surgical complications of repeated therapeutic ERCP intervention and surgical intervention were 38% and 19% respectively. During the first therapeutic ERCP intervention to surgical intervention, 2 patients developed diabetes, 5 patients developed steatorrhea, and 5 patients developed pancreatic type B pain. During the follow-up of surgical intervention, 1 new case of diabetes occurred, 1 case of steatorrhea recovered, and 4 cases of pancreatic type B pain were completely relieved. In a part of young patients with chronic pancreatitis, surgical intervention was more effective than therapeutic ERCP intervention on delaying the progression of the disease and relieving the symptoms.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; adverse effects ; methods ; Diabetes Mellitus ; etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; Pancreatectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Steatorrhea ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the association between the platelet count of peripheral blood and clincopathologic parameters of esophageal carcinoma.

METHODSPlatelets of peripheral blood were measured in 415 cases of esophageal carcinoma and 325 healthy subjects as control. The correlation of platelet counts and clinicopathological features of cancer was analyzed.

RESULTPlatelet count in patients with esophageal carcinomas (286+/-88)x10(9)/L was significantly higher than that in the control subjects [(204+/-114)x10(9)/L, P<0.05 ]. Increased platelet counts (>300 x 10(9)/L) was significantly associated with tumor infiltration and lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPlatelet count of peripheral blood might be associated with the development and progression of esophageal cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Platelets ; cytology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Count