The process mechanism and current application status of boron removal in reverse osmosis(RO)desalination were introduced.The characteristic and proper application range of eachboron removal process was summarized.Also,the running conditions of two practical desalination cases were analyzed and compared.Eventually,the future of application and the research direction of boron removal process in RO desalination were prospected.

OBJECTIVETo identify and generalize classes of public health laboratory detection activities and to discuss the method of identification and generalization of classes of Public Health Conceptual Information Model.

METHODSAt first, materials should be collected from consulting literatures and experts, referring to the existing system. Then, identification and generalization of classes are got for business process analysis, writing description documents, summing up important conceptions and activities, By use-case analysis, use-case diagram and tabulation of important conception and activities and reference to PHCDM, a structural diagram of classes is constructed.

RESULTSA structure diagram of classes of public health laboratory detection activity is given.

CONCLUSIONSThis is a feasible method in identification and generalization of classes of public health laboratory detection activities.

Laboratories ; classification ; Models, Organizational ; Public Health

To establish the method of HPLC-fingerprint analysis for the quality control of Cnidium monnieri L. Cuss., and identify its active constituents by HPLC-MS, 35 batches of samples were analyzed on a Shimadzu C18 column with a gradient of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous aceticacid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and detected at 245 nm and 322 nm. Furthermore, the typical samples were detected by HPLC-DAD-MS under negative ion mode. 35 batches of Cnidium monnieri L. Cuss. samples were classified into four types based on the results of similarity analysis. According to the comparison of the t(R), MS data and UV maximum absorbance (lambda(max)) values with the standards, 8, 7, 4 and 2 coumarins components were identified in four types of Cnidium monnieri L. Cuss. extracts, separately. The method is repeatable and reliable, and it is capable of effectively controlling the quality of Cnidium monnieri L.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cnidium ; chemistry ; Coumarins ; analysis ; Ecosystem ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Objective To study the prevalence of mental disorders among the Chinese youths aged 15-34 years,in rural areas and to identify risk factors related to suicide.Methods A consecutive sampling strategy was used for suicidal cases in 16 randomly selected counties in Hunan,Liaoning,and Shandong provinces.Between 2005 and 2008,a total of 392 suicide cases were recruited with 416 community controls at the same age range,selected from the same areas one family member together with one close friend of each suicidal case were interviewed,using the psychological autopsy (PA) method.The same method with structured instruments was performed on the two informants for each control in the same community.SCID was used for the diagnosis of mental disease.Results 48.0％ of the suicides were diagnosed as having at least one mental disorder episode,in comparison with only 3.8％ among the controls.It was found that mental disorder was the most important risk factor for the Chinese young suicide cases in the rural areas.Conclusion As seen in the Western countries,mental disorder had also been the number one correlate on suicidal cases in China,with the difference as other social and psychological factors might have played relatively more important roles in China.

OBJECTIVETo study the best entry points, direction and length of screw in acetabular anterior column plate technique, and to prevent the serious complications of screw penetrating the joint surface.

METHODSTwenty male cadaveric adult semi-pelvic specimen were taken, and the distance from anterior acetabular margin, posterior acetabular margin to anterior inferior iliac spine, iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle were measured respectively. Determine and make serial cross-sections of the acetabular anterior column, measure the safe angle of screw entry on all entry points of each cross-section, and put all data into software SPSS 10.0 for statistics process.

RESULTSThe distance from anterior acetabular margin to anterior inferior iliac spine, iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle was (25.4 +/- 1.4) mm, (11.8 +/- 0.7) mm and (37.4 +/- 1.5) mm respectively, the distance from posterior acetabular margin to anterior inferior iliac spine, iliopubic eminence was (15.5 +/- 0.9) mm and (29.1 +/- 1.6) mm respectively. On each cross-section, the maximum of the safe entry angle of inclination in 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm and 1.5 cm entry point lateral to the linea terminalis of pelvis was (8.2 +/- 2.2) degrees , (14.9 +/- 3.4) degrees and (26.1 +/- 4.5) degrees respectively.

CONCLUSIONSWhen plate for internal fixation on acetabular region of anterior column is used, there are three ways to avoid screw penetrating the joint surface. The first way is using short screw in any direction; the second way is using long screw close to the linea terminalis of pelvis, the direction of the screw is parallel to the quadrilateral plate; the third way is using different entry angle and length according to different entry point.

Acetabulum ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Cadaver ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Anatomic

BACKGROUNDIncreased triglyceride (TG) occurs in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and apolipoprotein AV (apoAV) has been shown to lower TG levels. In the present study, we investigated plasma apoAV level and its relationship with TG and C-reactive protein (CRP) in ACS patients.

METHODSA total of 459 subjects were recruited and categorized into control group (n = 116), stable angina (SA) group (n = 115), unstable angina group (n = 116) and acute myocardial infarction group (n = 112). Plasma apoAV level was measured by a sandwich ELISA assay.

RESULTSCompared with controls ((100.27 +/- 22.44) ng/ml), plasma apoAV was decreased in SA patients ((76.54 +/- 16.91) ng/ml) but increased in patients with unstable angina ((330.89 +/- 66.48) ng/ml, P < 0.05) or acute myocardial infarction ((368.66 +/- 60.53) ng/ml, P < 0.05). Inverse correlations between apoAV and TG were observed in the control or stable angina groups (r = -0.573 or -0.603, respectively, P < 0.001), whereas positive correlations were observed in the patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction (r = 0.696 or 0.690, respectively, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a positive relationship between apoAV and CRP was observed in the ACS patients but not in the non-ACS subjects.

CONCLUSIONThe plasma apoAV concentration is increased and positively correlates with TG and CRP in ACS patients.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Apolipoprotein A-V ; Apolipoproteins A ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Triglycerides ; blood

It is to promote the initiative of college students through the debating competition in the study of the medical immu-nology.The debating competition and questionnaire survey were performed among the teaching-reform students in Grade 2015 from Changzhi Medical College.The statistical analysis is made on the final examination scores of teaching-reform class and the parallel control class.The final exam of the teaching-reform students were all above 80 points.There was a significant difference for the scores compared with students in the parallel control class.The questionnaire survey was demonstrated that they preferred this learning,who are willing to take part in a similar event.The debating competition is a good way to advance the profile of medical immunology.

Objective To explore the potential role of apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) on the hypertriglyceridemia (HTG)-lowering effects of statin. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups: ( 1 ) control group ( n = 8), with no special treatment; (2) HTG group (n = 8),treated with 10% fructose water for 6 weeks; (3) statin group(n =8), treated with 10% fructose water for lipids and the hepatic expressions of apoA5 and peroxisome proliferstor activated receptor (PPAR)α were determined. In separate in vitro experiments, we tested the effects of atorvastatin on TG and the expressions of apoA5 and PPARα in HepG2 cells. Results ( 1 ) At 6 weeks, plasma TG was higher in rats in HTG group than in controls, which was significantly reduced in statin group (both P <0. 05). (2) Rat hepatic apoA5 expression in HTG group was significantly lower than in control group and was significantly higher in statin group than in HTG group ( both P < 0. 05 ). (3) Similarly, rat PPARα mRNA expression in HTG group was lower than in control group and was higher in statin group than in HTG group ( both P < 0. 05 ).(4) Statin significantly upregulated the expressions of apoA5 and PPARα and decreased TG in HepG2 cells.The above effects induced by statin was blocked in the presence of PPARα inhibitor. Conclusions Upregulation of apoA5 expression contributes to TG lowering effect of statin via PPARα signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) and lipid profile or high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Serum apoA5 and hs-CRP levels were measured by ELISA and immunoturbidimetry in control subjects (n=232), patients with stable angina (SA, n=127), unstable angina (UA, n=116) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n=112). Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were also measured. Results Compared with controls [(108.7±23.2 )μg/L] and SA patients [(78.3±20.2 )μg/L], serum ApoA5 level was significantly increased in UA [(340. 6±63.5)μg/L] and AMI patients [(373.2±73.8) μg/L] ( all P<0.05 ). ApoA5 was positively correlated with TG (r=0.63 and 0.67, respectively, all P<0.05) and hs-CRP (r=0.57 and 0. 55, respectively, all P<0.05) in UA and AMI patients but there were no significant correlations between ApoA5 and TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in ACS patients (all P>0.05). Conclusion Increased serum apoA5 level and the positive correlation between ApoA5 and serum TG and hs-CRP in ACS patients might reflect increased inflammation responses in ACS patients.

Objective To study the effect of enhance the functional exercise compliance for artificial hip replacement patients with stage and individualization nursing intervention.Methods 136 cases were divided into two group average,as experimental group had been enforced with stage and individualization nursing intervention,and the control group hadn' t.The control group had adopted usual care,besides another group had adopted normalization management according to the individualization nursing intervention mode in different stage (preoperative,inpatient care stage and discharge rehabilitation stage).And we compared the functional exercise compliance,postoperative complications incidence rate and the nursing satisfaction between the two groups.Results The functional exercise compliance had enhanced in experimental group, including 58 complete compliance cases,10 partly compliance cases.Control group included 20 complete compliance cases,42 partly compliance case and 6 complete incompliance,and the difference between the two group was significant ( Z =- 6.620,P ＜ 0.05 ).Including one case having artificial hip dislocation in experimental group and 8 cases in control group,complication incident rate was lower than that in control group( x2 =4.28,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The stage and individualization nursing intervention could enhance the patient' s functional exercise compliance,degrade the postoperative complications incidence rate and elevate the nursing service satisfaction.