Fourteen psychrotrophic bacteria were isolated from swamp soil collected in Ruoergai plateau wetland,and their generation time and degrading ability of livestock wastewater CODcr was determined.The results showed that the generation time was within 4.9 h to 11.6 h.Based on the generation time,9 psychro-trophic strains(NLJ1,NLJ6,NLJ7,NLJ9,NLJ10,NLJ11,NLJ12,NLJ13 and NLJ14),whose generation time was within 4.9 h to 5.6 h,were chosen to treat livestock wastewater.The results suggested that these 9 strains had different CODcr disposal ability when treating livestock wastewater singly at 6?C for 6 h,and strains NLJ6,NLJ7,NLJ9,NLJ10,NLJ11 and NLJ13 had good ability to degrade livestock wastewater,the CODcr degrading rate was about 60%~70%,hence,they were used as high efficient strains;However,the CODcr degrading rate of the other strains was less than 50%.After inoculating mixture culture of these six strains into the distilled livestock wastewater,after 6 h's treating,the CODcr degrading rate reached to 85.42%.Furthermore,activated sludge collected from Yaan,Dujiangyan and Chengdu were inoculated by the mixture culture of those six strains,and used to treat livestock wastewater for 6 h.The results showed that the average CODcr degrading rate was 81.67%,76.32% and 70.56%,respectively;Variance analysis showed that there was no significant differentiation between each treatment,which revealed that those six psychrotrophic strains had good adaptability to different source of activated sludge.

Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

Objective To initially establish an occupational well-being questionnaire for Chinese clinical nursing staffs.Methods The draft questionnaire,including open-ended questions and semi-structured interview,was established according to literature review and revised after expert′s consultation and pilot survey. Then,the questionnaire was tested by 460 nurses who randomly selected from a Class Ⅲ Grade Ⅰ hospital in Wuhan province from September 201 4 to June 201 5.The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were examined by exploratory factor principal component analysis,confirmatory factor analysis of maximum likelihood estimation method,and the Cronbach′s αanalysis.Results The questionnaire contained 1 9 items belonging to 5 dimensions that included welfare,value,interpersonal relationship,leaders and characteristics.The Cronbach′sαcoefficient for the questionnaire and each dimensions were 0.91 4 and 0.753-0.862.The correlation coefficients between each items and the total score as well as its related dimension were 0.487-0.729 and 0.709-0.883.The accumulative contribution rate of the five factors was 71 .1 05%.Conclusions The nurses′occupational well-being questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the occupational well-being for clinical nursing staffs.

Rosiglitazone (ROSI), thiazolidione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activator, reduces insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It also improves vascular reactivity in T2DM patients and some animal models by unclear mechanisms. In order to investigate the effect of ROSI on aortic systolic and diastolic function of insulin resistant-hypertensive rats (IRHR) and the underlying mechanism, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with high fructose (HF) for 8 weeks to induce IRHR model. To verify IRHR model, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting serum insulin (FSI) were measured respectively in each group, and insulin sensitive index (ISI) was also calculated. Subsequently, the vascular function test was performed. The thoracic aortic ring of SD rats was mounted on a bath system. The effect of rosiglitazone on the contraction elicited by L-phenylephrine (PE) and potassium chloride (KCl) and the relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured. To explore the mechanism, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used and serum nitric oxide (NO) was measured. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Rosiglitazone reduced the level of SBP, serum insulin and improved insulin resistance in IRHRs. (2) The contractive responses of thoracic aortic rings to PE and KCl were enhanced and the relaxation response to ACh was depressed significantly in the HF group, and the effect was reversed by ROSI. (3) After pretreatment with L-NAME, the relaxation response to ACh was further impaired in the HF group, this effect was partly reversed by ROSI. (4) Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasodilator responses did not differ significantly among the groups. (5) Aortic systolic and diastolic function of the control group was not affected markedly by ROSI. (6) Compared with the control group, serum nitric oxide was significantly reduced in the HF group, but after rosiglitazone treatment it was remarkably increased. These findings suggest that ROSI can improve aortic diastolic function of insulin resistant-hypertensive rats, the mechanism of this effect might be associated with an increase in nitric oxide mediated partly by NOS pathway, a decrease in the level of blood pressure, serum insulin and the improvement of insulin resistance.
Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Vasodilation ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo discuss the reasons for the operation performed on 13 patients with upper cervical disease and to explore the management and prevention of upper cervical disease.

METHODSThirteen patients with upper cervical disease were retrospectively reviewed. The reason for of reoperations on these patients were analyzed. The measures to reduce upper cervical operational complication and bad prognosis were discussed to avoid reoperations.

RESULTSThe reasons for reoperations included 9 cases with unstable or re-dislocated atlantoaxial joint, 10 cases with residual spinal cord compression, 1 case with malposition of odontoid screw, 1 case with adjacent cervical spine regression, 1 case with occipital-cervical fusion failure, 1 case with spinal cord injury during operation, 1 case with bone-plant slipped into canales spinalis, and 1 case with demand to take out internal fixation for aggravated symptom.

CONCLUSIONSThe common reasons for upper cervical reoperations were due to instability or redislocation of atlantoaxial joint and residual of spinal cord compression. Some measures such as reducing operate miss, using firm internal fixation and decompressing were advisable to decrease the incidence of reoperations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Atlanto-Axial Joint ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; etiology ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Reoperation ; statistics & numerical data ; Spinal Cord Compression ; etiology ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate results of 1310 knees of meniscal treatments by arthroscopy and to present good method of meniscal treatment.

METHODSTheir age, traumatic mechanism and effects under arthroscopy were analysed in a series of 254 patients with meniscal injuries, there were 880 males and 374 females, the average of the patients was 25.5 years. The meniscal repair in 68 knee, partial meniscectomy in 756 knee, total meniscectomy in 480 knee and conservative treatment in 6 cases.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up 1 to 12 years with the average of 4 years and 3 months. The mean Lysholm score was 86.3 points in arthroscopic meniscal repair, 84.0 points in partial meniscectomy and 76.1 points in total meniscectomy. The mean Lysholm 98.7 points in all children patients with conservative treatment. They showed significant difference (P < 0.01) in the results of three treatments.

CONCLUSIONSMeniscal injuries should not cut off as it, should be repaired in 5 mm from meniscus to synovium and or partial meniscectomy. The general adoption is not the surgical operation on meniscal injuries of the child.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Arthroscopy ; Casts, Surgical ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate combination anesthesia with low-dose ketamine and mid-dose pentobarbital for open heart surgery in ju-venile pigs.Methods Thirty experimental juvenile pigs received ket-amine(3 mg·kg~(-1))and pentobarbital(20 mg·kg~(-1))intramuscularly for induction and intubation,then were given ketamine(5 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)),pentobarbital(6-8 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)),midazolam(0.1-0.2mg kg~(-1)·h~(-1))and pipecuronium(0.1 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1))intravenously for maintenance.The infusion of pentobarbital was withdrawn after car-diopulmonary bypass started.During the experimental treatment,vital signs were monitored;artery gas analysis and hemodynamie parameters were recorded.Results Twenty-eight juvenile pigs got stable hemody-namic parameters in the perioperative period.The time of anesthetic in-duction and maintenance is(9±2)and(179±15)min,respectively.The respiratory and cardiac arrest rates were 6.7% in induction and 3.3% in maintenance.respectively.Two cases got respiratory and cardi-ac arrest.on in induction and the OtIler after extubation.In addition,class I anesthetic effectiveness was achieved 73.3% in induction and 80.0% in maintenance,respectively.Conclusion This study demon-strated that lOW-dose ketamine combined with mid-dose pentobarbihal has little inhibition on respiration and circulation.The combination can achieve both hypnosis and analgesia effects with good surgical anesthetic effectiveness in juvenile pigs with open heart surgery.

Objective To observe the effect of the intensive training of core stabilization on the general function of patients with femoral neck fractures in old patients after hip arthroplasty. Methods From January, 2011 to December, 2012, 60 old patients accepted hip arthroplas-ty for femoral neck fractures were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and observation group (n=30). The control group received routine rehabilitation training 50 minutes each time, and the observation group received intensive training of core muscles 20 minutes each time based on the routine rehabilitation training 30 minutes each time, twice a day, five days a week for two weeks. Both groups were evalu-ated with Harris Hip Score (HHS), Charnley Hip Score (CHS) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before training and one week, two weeks and three months after training. Results There was no significant difference in the scores of HHS, CHS and MBI before and one week after training (P>0.05). All the scores increased with time in both groups (F>248.165, P<0.001). The scores of HHS, CHS and MBI were signifi-cantly higher in the observation group than in the control group two weeks and three months after training (t>3.211, P<0.001). Conclusion Early intensive training of core stabilization may facilitate to recover hip function and activity of daily living in old patients after hip arthro-plasty.

AIMTo investigate the protective effect of monosialoganglioside (GM1) on injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/Rep) in rat hippocampal slices.

METHODSThe protective effects of GM1 on hippocampal slices after OGD/Rep were observed by detecting the light transmittance (LT) changes of rat hippocampal slices and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of rat hippocampal slices.

RESULTS(1) In four groups treated with 0 (control), 0.1, 1.0, 10 micromol/L GM1, the peak of light transmittance (LT) in the slices treated with 1.0 micromol/L GM1 was significantly lower than that of the control and the group treated with 0.10 micromol/L GM1 (P < 0.01, ANOVA), while the peak of LT in the slices treated with 10.0 micromol/L GM1 was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.01, ANOVA). The time to reach the peak of LT in four groups was significantly different from each other (P < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). The time to reach the peak of LT in the group treated with 1 micromol/L GM1 was the significantly longer than that in the control (P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). (2) There was characteristic dose-response relationship between GM1 and TTC staining of rat hippocampal slices. In the five groups, treated with 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 micromol/L GM1 respectively, TTC staining in the group treated with 1 micromol/L GM1 was the deepest (P < 0.05 vs. control, 0.01 and 0.1 micromol/L GM1 group, ANOVA), and the next was in the group treated with 10 micromol/L GM1 (P < 0.05 vs. control and 0.01 micromol/L GM1 group, ANOVA).

CONCLUSIONGM1 could protect injury induced by OGD/Rep in rat hippocampal slices effectively in vitro.

Animals ; G(M1) Ganglioside ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; deficiency ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury

Objective To explore and compare the relevant regional anatomies as they relate the fron- tolateral keyhole approach under microscopy and neuroendoscopy for operations in anterior cranial base and sellar region.Methods Fifteen silieone-injected cadaveric heads were dissected to reveal and compare the extent of expesure through the transfrontolateral keyhole approach under neuroendoscopy and microscopy. Results Portions in the areas of olfactory groove,sellar region and sylvian tissure were blind under micro- scope.Endoscope could allow observation of areas considered blind under the microscope.It could increase light intensity during the approach to objects,extend viewing angles,clear depiction of details in close-up po- sitions and inspect hidden structures.But images of endoscope were two dimensional,lack of view depth.Mi- croscopy and neuroendoscopy could help each other to recuperate deficiency.Conclusion Endoscope-assis- ted neuromicrosurgery is helpful,safe and minimally invasive to treat deepseated lesions in anterior cranial base,sellar region by transfrontolateral keyhole approach.