OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular basis for a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele B*5827.

METHODSDNA from the proband was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) typing. The amplified product was sequenced bidirectionally.

RESULTSAbnormal HLA-B locus was observed and its nucleotide sequence was different from the known HLA-B allele sequences, with highest homology to HLA-B*5820 allele. It differs from HLA-B*5820 by 8 nucleotide substitutions in exon 3, i.e., nt 290 (G > C), nt 346 (T > A), nt 390 (A > C), nt 404 (G > C), nt 413 (C > G), nt 471 (A > G), nt 486 (A > G) and nt 487 (C > A), resulting in an amino acid change from ser > arg at nt 97, phe >tyr at nt 115, ser > arg at nt 130, thr > ala at nt 157 and thr > glu at nt 162. Nucleotide differences of nt 404 (G > C) and nt 413( C > G) did not change amino acid.

CONCLUSIONThe sequences of the novel allele have been submitted to GenBank (access No.GU071234). A novel HLA class I allele B*5827 has been officially assigned by the WHO HLA Nomenclature Committee in Jan. 2010.

Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genotype ; HLA-B Antigens ; chemistry ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture therapy on Parkinson's disease (PD).

METHODSFifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham-operation group, a model group, a Fengfu-Taichong group and a Shuanggu Yitong group. PD model was duplicated by microinjection of 6-Hydroxyl-Dopamine into right corpora striata, and by microinjection of normal saline in sham-operation group. Rats in normal group, sham-operation group and model group were not treated. In Fengfu-Taichong group, the rats were treated by electroacupuncture at "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Taichong" (LR 3) on the basis of the PD model, and by electroacupuncture at "Fengfu" (GV 16), "Taichong" (LR 3), "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) in Shuanggu Yitong group, once daily for 2 weeks. GDNF and Ret expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively.

RESULTSThe number of GDNF positive cells and the content of Ret receptor increased significantly in the two electroacupuncture groups compared with those in the other groups (all P < 0.01), and the expression of GDNF increased significantly in Shuanggu Yitong group compared with that in Fengfu-Taichong group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture can not only increase the expression of GDNF, but also enhance its effect. "Shuanggu Yitong" method is better than simple acupuncture at "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Taichong" (LR 3) in increasing expression of GDNF.

Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; Gene Expression ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

To compare the growth characteristics of non-hematopoietic adult stem cells (NASC) derived from rat fetal blood and rat bone marrow in vitro, and to study the differentiation of these stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro, the fetal blood of pregnant rats and bone marrow of adult rats were sterilely collected; mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated by using standard Ficoll-hypague techniques and then cultured in DMEM/LG containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The acquired NASCs were subcultured for passage. The immunophenotype of NASCs was detected by flow cytometry. The expanded NASCs were induced to differentiate into neurons-like cells by beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The specific markers of these neuron-like cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that two kinds of subcultured NASCs showed homogeneous spindle-shaped and expressed antigens CD44 and CD54, but did not expressed CD11b and CD45. The both induced cells were similar to neuron in morphology and were positive for nestin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), but negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). It is concluded that no significant difference of NASCs derived from pregnant rat fetal blood and adult rat bone marrow found in cell morphology and biological characteristics. NASCs of both origins can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells, so fetal blood can be regarded as another resource of NASC.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Male ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; Choristoma ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Thyroglossal Cyst ; diagnosis ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical benefits of rapid Rhino Stammberger sinus dressing (RR), a new nasal packing material for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), with traditional packing materials sorbalgon plus Vaseline gauze (SV) prospectively.

METHODSTwenty-four patients with chronic sinusitis of the similar grade were enrolled in the study. After ESS, the nasal cavities of each patient were packed with RR in the right side as observing group and SV in the left side as control group. SV in the left nasal cavity was removed in the first day after operation and RR remained in the right nasal cavity until the first endoscopic follow-up 1 week postoperatively. The same perioperative treatments such as irrigation and local steroid were given in both sides of nasal cavities. The grade of rhinalgia, nasal obstruction, discharge, bleeding and epiphora in each side of nasal cavities were assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) by the patients at the operation day (packing period), the first day and the second day after operation respectively. Postoperative endoscopic assessment of nasal cavities including crust, discharge, pseudomembrane, edema of mucosa, bubble and ostium obstruction were carried out by a rhinologist on VAS at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 weeks postoperatively. The follow-up continued until the complete mucosal healing.

RESULTSThree patients were dropped from statistical analysis. One of them with severe hypertension bleeding when he awoke from anesthesia, the RR was run out from the nasal cavity. The other two were lost in the follow-up. Twenty-one patients completed the follow -up ranging between 2-20 months. The scores of rhinalgia, epiphora at the operation day and the rhinalgia at the first day after operation in RR side were lower than SV side (P<0.05). The scores of the amount of crust at the first week after operation in RR side were lower than SV side (P<0.05). Statistically, no significant deference was found between RR and SV in the length of mucosal healing period.

CONCLUSIONSPatients felt more comfortable with the package of RR than traditional material. No pain and secondary bleeding happened. The efficacy of RR on mucosal healing was similar with SV. RR showed some advantages and could be used as packing material following ESS.

Adult ; Aged ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Gels ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Sinusitis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to analyze the biological characteristics of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) and their response to different growth factors. Rabbit BM-MSCs were separated from bone marrow mononuclear cells by using adherent cultivation. Biological characteristics were investigated by optical and electron microscopy. Immunophenotype of rBM-MSCs was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of collagen was detected by RT-PCR. Differentiation potential was identified by specific staining and RT-PCR. The response of rBM-MSCs to IL-1, 3, 8 and HGF with different concentrations were tested by MTT. The results showed that the rBM-MSCs gave rise to a population of adherent cells characterized by the presence of a predominant cell type with a typical fibroblast-like morphology and could be cultured for over 15 passages. CD44 was highly expressed on F5 rBM-MSCs (32%) and CD45 was lowly expressed (4.7%). Type I collagen was highly expressed, while type II collagen was lowly expressed and type X collagen was not detected on rBM-MSCs using RT-PCR method. In various conditions inducting differentiation, rBM-MSCs could differentiate into the osteoblast, chondrocyte, adipocyte and neuron-like cells. The rBM-MSCs were sensitive to IL-3, even low concentration (10 ng/ml) of IL-3 could promote the proliferation of rBM-MSCs effectively (>32%, P < 0.01), whereas high concentration IL-3 inhibited it significantly. It is concluded that rabbit BM-MSCs were successfully isolated and culture-expanded. The biological characteristics of rabbit BM-MSCs are similar to those of human and rhesus BM-MSCs. IL-3 with low concentration can promote the proliferation of rBM-MSCs effectively, but high concentration of IL-3 can inhibit their proliferation.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines ; pharmacology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins

OBJECTIVECord blood (CB) provides a rich source of stem cells for transplantation. CB transplantation has been used widely after myeloablative therapy. One major disadvantage of CB transplantation is delayed platelet engraftment. The aim of this study was to hasten platelet engraftment by investigating the ability of different hematopoietic growth factor combinations to generate large numbers of megakaryocyte (Mk) from CB and by evaluating the biologic characteristics and function of the expanded Mk.

METHODSCB samples were obtained at the end of normal full-term deliveries with informed consent. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from CB using Ficoll density centrifugation. MNC population was positively selected for CD(34) expression by magnetic cell sorting (MACS). CD(34)(+) cells were cultured in serum-free and stroma-free medium containing the following two different cytokine combinations: thrombopoietin (TPO) + stem cell factor (SCF) + interleukin (IL) -3 + IL-6 and TPO + SCF. Cultures were characterized after 3, 7, 10 and 14 days by flow cytometry, colony forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk) and maturation evaluation (Mk ploidy). The expanded Mk function was examined by the platelet activation in vitro and severe combined immunodiffiency (SCID) mice transplantation in vivo.

RESULTSDifferent results were observed with different culture conditions. With the first cytokine combination optimal expansion of CD(41)(+) cells was observed on day 10, but the optimal expansion of Mk progenitors (CD(34)(+)CD(41)(+)) was observed on day 7, with a median 121 and 44-fold increase at the starting cell dose. This result was also proven by CFU-Mk. The largest numbers of CFU-Mk were also observed on day 7. The degree of maturation of Mk cells also increased as suggested by DNA content of CD(41)(+) cells, which means that CD(34)(+) cells cultured for 3 - 7 days were richer in primitive Mks, while those cultured for 10 - 14 days had greater numbers of more differentiated Mks. For the second cytokine combination, CD(41)(+) and CD(34)(+)CD(41)(+) cells were fewer than the first one, but it produced 36 and 85-fold CD(34)(+)CD(41)(+) and CD(41)(+) respectively on day 7. Platelet activation test confirmed that the expanded Mks had normal function. Therefore, the expanded Mks could be transplanted into the SCID mice bone marrow and produce human platelet in the peripheral blood of the mice.

CONCLUSIONEx vivo expanded Mk might facilitate CB transplantation and help shorten the period of post-transplant thrombocytopenia.

Animals ; Antigens, CD34 ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, SCID

OBJECTIVETo apply the single cell nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to HLA typing, and analyze the influence factors on the amplification results.

METHODSSingle cell DNA templates were prepared with different methods. The exon 2, 3 and intron 2 of HLA-A, B, and exon 2 of DRBI were amplified using multiplex PCR. The second round of SSP-PCR HLA typing was carried out according to the large scale routine HLA typing results.

RESULTSEnzyme lysis method was the most efficient procedure for preparing the single cell DNA template, with a success rate (SR) of 93.3%, while the SRs of alkali lysis and freezing-thaw lysis methods were 83.3% and 73.3%, respectively. The second round amplification using enzyme lysis and SSP-PCR in 20 samples obtained a 95% success rate and a 15% allele drop out rate. The time for performing the whole procedure was less than 6 hours.

CONCLUSIONThe modified nested multiplex PCR technique is efficient for single cell HLA typing and might be applied to clinical preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Histocompatibility Testing ; methods ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of transcatheter closure method for treating congenital coronary artery fistula (CAF) in children.

METHODSTwenty-three children with CAF received transcatheter closure. Under anesthesia, heart catheterization and selective coronary angiography were performed to show the CAF size and relationship with normal coronary artery. CAF with the narrowest inner diameter < 3 mm (n = 16) were occluded with coil device, and CAF with narrowest inner diameter > 3 mm (n = 7) were closed with Amplatzer duct or VSD occluder.

RESULTSTranscatheter closure was successfully performed in 21 cases and failed in 2 cases (CAF is too tortuous in one case and right CAF outlet near the right coronary artery main stem in another case) and CAF were closed by surgery in these 2 patients. No residual shunt or other complications were observed during the 3 months to 3 years follow up.

CONCLUSIONTranscatheter closure was an effective and mini-traumatic method for CAF treatment in children.

Adolescent ; Arterio-Arterial Fistula ; therapy ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences between the direct immuno-fluorescent assay (DFA) and real-time quantitative PCR in detecting the Hantavirus (HV) in rat lungs.

METHODSFrom April to October in 2012, a total of 479 rats were caught by mouse-trap in residential or wild areas in Huxian, Jingyang, and Meixian of Shaanxi province, where haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was highly prevalent. The rats were dissected to take the two lungs, one was frozen and applied immuno-fluorescent assay to detect HV antigen while the other one was extracted its RNA and detected HV nucleic acid by real-time quantitative PCR. Then we compared the positive rate of the two methods.

RESULTSOut of the 479 rats, 105 were caught from residential areas and the other 374 were caught from wild areas. Among the 105 rats caught from residential areas, no HV were detected out neither by DFA nor by real-time quantitative PCR. Among the 374 wild rats, 13.1% (49/374) were detected HV positive by DFA and 14.7% (55/374) were detected HV positive by real-time quantitative PCR. The difference showed no statistical significance (χ(2) = 0.402, P = 0.526). When detecting each lung sample, the HV positive rate was 10.2% (49/479) under the detection by DFA while the HV positive rate was 11.5% (55/479) under the detection by real-time quantitative PCR. The difference had no statistical significance (χ(2) = 1.286, P = 0.257) and the consistency coefficient was 68.2% under the paired chi-square test analysis, which showed high consistency (u = 11.759, P < 0.05). The sensitivity of real-time quantitative PCR to detect HV was 77.6% (38/49) comparing with DFA as standard, and the specificity was 96.1% (413/430). Out of the 9 suspected HV positive sample detected by DFA, 6 were confirmed positive by real-time quantitative PCR and 3 were denied.

CONCLUSIONCompared with the DFA, real-time quantitative PCR could also be used to detect the infection of HV in rats, and the result might be more stable.

Animals ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Hantavirus ; isolation & purification ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Lung ; virology ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction