DNA methylation is a common event in malignancies and implicated in tumor initiation and progression. There is a battery of genes involved in critical cell processes such as DNA damage repair, which are hypermethylated in prostate cancer. DNA methylation has also been found in premalignant lesions such as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, but to a less extent compared with that in prostate cancer. Intensive study on DNA methylation would provide a new opportunity for the early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo distinguish spermatic cord torsion from acute orchitis by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI).

METHODSThirteen patients with acute orchialgia were examined by CDFI. The clinical data of diagnosis and treatment were reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTSThe findings of CDFI showed lower or even no blood flow in the testes in 8 cases, which were diagnosed as spermatic cord torsion. Among them, 1 received manual detorsion and 7 were proved by operations. The other 5 showed abundant blood flow signal in the testes and were diagnosed as acute orchitis or epididymo-orchitis. After the use of antibiotics, their symptoms were relieved and the blood flow of the testes reduced upon reexamination.

CONCLUSIONSCDFI plays an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of spermatic cord torsion, and could be regarded as a detecting method of first choice for patients of acute orchialgia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orchitis ; diagnostic imaging ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; diagnostic imaging ; Testis ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of the treatment of hypospadias with penile and scrotal skin flaps.

METHODSTwenty-three hypospadias patients aged 3.5-19 (mean 6. 8) years underwent urethroplasty with penile and scrotal skin flaps. All were followed up for 6 years and analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOf the total number of patients, 21 (91.3%) succeeded in one operation and the other 2 developed complications, including urethral fistula and urethral structure.

CONCLUSIONPenile and scrotal skin, advantageous for its adequacy, rich blood supply and contribution to high success rate of surgery, is believed to be the first choice for urethroplasty in the treatment of hypospadias.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Penis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To explore and compare the relevant regional anatomies as they relate the fron- tolateral keyhole approach under microscopy and neuroendoscopy for operations in anterior cranial base and sellar region.Methods Fifteen silieone-injected cadaveric heads were dissected to reveal and compare the extent of expesure through the transfrontolateral keyhole approach under neuroendoscopy and microscopy. Results Portions in the areas of olfactory groove,sellar region and sylvian tissure were blind under micro- scope.Endoscope could allow observation of areas considered blind under the microscope.It could increase light intensity during the approach to objects,extend viewing angles,clear depiction of details in close-up po- sitions and inspect hidden structures.But images of endoscope were two dimensional,lack of view depth.Mi- croscopy and neuroendoscopy could help each other to recuperate deficiency.Conclusion Endoscope-assis- ted neuromicrosurgery is helpful,safe and minimally invasive to treat deepseated lesions in anterior cranial base,sellar region by transfrontolateral keyhole approach.

Objective In order to compare the iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)prevalent slatus in Chun'an County between 2006 and 2007,and to provide the science information for iodine supplementation in different regions.Methods Three schools of Wangzhai,Pingmen and Wenchang which the goiter prevalenee was the most severe were selected in Chun'an County;and from each school,90 pupils aged 8-10 years were randomly selected.B-ultrasound examination of thyroids,urine iodine and salt iodine were measured.Results The goiter rate in B-ultrasound were 7.5%(20/267),median of urine iodine was 247.5 μg/L,mean of salt iodine was 32.7 ms/ks in 2006;and the goiter rate in B-uhrasound were 3.7%(10/271),median of urine iodine was 383.4 μg/L,mean of salt iodine was 33.5 mg/kg in 2007.The goiter prevalence in Wangzhai,Pingrnen and Wenehang township were 15.2%(14/92),6.0%(5/83)and 2.2%(2/92),respectively,and median of urine iodine were 360.1.211.3,189.3μg/L,respectively,in 2006;The goiter prevalence were 6.6%(6/91),3.3%(3/90)and 1.1%(1/90),respectively.and median of urine iodine were 388.6,41 1.5,327.8μg/L,respectively,in 2007.Family ineome of Wangzhai,Pingmen and Wenchang township were 1000,2000,3000 yuan,respectively.Conclusions Goiter prevalence was correlated with urinary iodine,nutritional state and economic condition,high urinary iodine contents and poor nutritional status lcad to a high goiter rate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the different expressions of endothelin-1 ET-1) in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues and their clinical significance.

METHODSA total of 36 BPH and 44 PCa specimens were examined for the expression of ET-1 by immunohistochemical technique (Elivision plus method). The staining intensity for ET-1 was assessed by light microscopy on a scale from "-" to "+ + +".

RESULTSPositive immunoreactivity was found in BPH and PCa, with a positive rate of 100%. Positive staining was located mostly in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelia and smooth muscle cells of both BPH and PCa and was noted in all stroma vascular endothelial cells. These were no significant differences in the intensity of positive staining for ET-1 between the groups of BPH and PCa (P > 0.05), bone metastasis (BM) and non-BM (P > 0.05), and highly and moderately differentiated PCa (P > 0.05), but the staining intensity for ET-1 was significantly higher in the poorly than in the highly and moderately differentiated PCa (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONET-1 has a high expression and the localization is the same in both BPH and PCa. It is involved in the development and progression of BPH and PCa.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endothelin-1 ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of VEGF in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), their clinical significance and their relationship with that of ET-1.

METHODSA total of 44 specimens of PCa and 36 of BPH tissues were examined by the immunohistochemical Elivision plus method for the expressions of VEGF and ET-1. The intensity of staining for VEGF and ET-1 was assessed by light microscopy on a scale from "-" to "+ + +".

RESULTSThe rates of positive expression of VEGF were 69.4% in BPH and 80.9% in PCa, positive staining mostly in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelia and cancer cells, and strongly positive in all the stroma vascular endothelial cells. The staining intensity of VEGF was significantly higher in the PCa than in the BPH group (P < 0.05) , in the bone metastasis (BM) than in the non-BM group (P < 0.01), and in the lowly than in the highly and moderately differentiated PCa tissues (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGF was positively correlated with that of ET-1 ( r(s) = 0.780, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONVEGF is involved in the development, progression and metastasis of PCa. VEGF and ET-1 may play a joint role in its development and progression.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endothelin-1 ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxymatrine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSA multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 144 patients with chronic hepatitis B entered the study for 52 weeks; of them 72 received oxymatrine, and 72 received a placebo. Before and after the treatment, clinical symptoms, liver function, serum hepatitis B virus markers, and adverse drug reactions were observed.

RESULTSIn 144 patients, 14 were dropped and excluded due to inconsistencies in the included standard. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of 130 patients were analyzed. After being treated for 52 weeks, 70.77% of the patients in the study group had a normal ALT level, and in 43.08% and 33.33% their HBV DNA and HBeAg became negative. In the placebo group, 39.68% had normal ALT level, and 12.31% and 3.33% had their HBV DNA and HBeAg become negative. The rates of complete response and partial response in the oxymatrine group were 23.08% and 58.46%, and in the placebo group they were 3.08% and 44.62%. They were significantly higher in the oxymatrine group than in the placebo group. In the oxymatrine treated patients, 12 weeks after its withdrawal, 60.00% had a normal ALT level, 41.54% and 23.33% had both HBV DNA and HBeAg negative. In the placebo group, 31.75% had a normal ALT level, 3.08% and 1.67% had both HBV DNA and HBeAg negative. The rates of complete response and partial response in the oxymatrine group were 21.54% and 47.69%, and in the placebo group they were 0 and 41.54%. They were significantly higher in the study group than in the placebo group. The adverse reaction rates of oxymatrine in the study and the placebo group were 7.69% and 6.15%, respectively, but there was no statistical significant difference between them.

CONCLUSIONOxymatrine is an effective and safe agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alkaloids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quinolizines

AIM To establish the HPLC characteristic chromatogram of Baqi Rougan Decoction reference sample,and to investigate its quantitative transmission laws.METHODS The contents of calycosin 7-O-glucoside,hesperidin,rosmarinic acid,curcumenol and nystose were determined.The transfer rates of decoction piece-aqueous decoction-reference sample were calculated,after which the paste-forming rate and pH value were recorded.RESULTS There were sixteen characteristic peaks in fifteen batches of reference samples with the similarities of 0.90,nine of which were identified.The average transfer rates of nystose and calycosin 7-O-glucoside in the reference sample were(83.14±6.25)%and(77.81±8.31)%,while those of rosmarinic acid and curcumenol in the aqueous decoction-reference sample were(81.71±6.27)%and(72.16±5.91)%,along with the average paste-forming rate and pH value of(38.91%±1.46%)and 5.13±0.08,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and feasible method can provide a reference for the selection of preparation process and evaluation of key chemical properties for Baqi Rougan Decoction.

Objective: To investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effect of Memokath transurethral spiral thermo-expandable prostatic stent (STEPS) implantation in the treatment of BPH. METHODS: From January 2017 to January 2018, 26 BPH patients underwent Memokath transurethral STEPS implantation, 9 under the flexible cystoscope and the other 17 under the rigid cystoscope. The patients were aged 62－91 years old, with a prostate volume of 32－78 ml, postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) of (67.3 ± 11.2) ml, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of (6.3 ± 1.8) ml/s, and IPSS score of 26.7 ± 5.7. Eight of the patients had preoperative urinary retention, of whom, 6 received catheterization and 2 had undergone cystostomy for bladder fistula before STEPS implantation. RESULTS: The operations lasted 15－30 minutes and were successfully completed in 24 cases while stent-shedding occurred in the other 2. Twenty-two of the patients achieved spontaneous urination immediately after surgery and 2 experienced bladder clot embolism. At 3 month after surgery, 24 of the patients showed significant improvement in PVR (［21.4 ± 7.7］ ml), Qmax (［18.3 ± 4.7］ ml/s) and IPSS (8.3 ± 2.1), and 13 exhibited no statistically significant difference from the baseline in the IIEF-5 score (14.1 ± 1.1 vs 14.3 ± 1.0, P > 0.05). At 12 months, all the patients were found with markedly improved urination but no adverse events except recurrent urinary tract infection in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS Memokath STEPS implantation, with its advantages of simple operation, high safety, definite effectiveness, non-influence on sexual function, is a new effective surgical option for the treatment of BPH.