Pharmaceutical cocrystals is an advanced technology to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of drugs. However, there are few studies on the in vivo metabolism of pharmaceutical cocrystals. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of wogonin cocrystal in normal rats was further studied on the basis of the previous preparation of wogonin-aloperine cocrystal. Firstly, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of wogonin and its metabolite wogonoside in rat plasma, and to investigate the methodology. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of wogonin-aloperine cocrystal (Wog-Alop) in rats. The results showed that wogonin and its metabolite wogonoside had a good linear relationship in the range of 1-800 ng·mL^-1, and the precision, accuracy, matrix effect and stability in this range met the requirements of biological analysis. Compared with direct administration of wogonin, the C_max of wogonin and its metabolite in rats increased to 7.44-fold and 9.15-fold, AUC_0-t increased to 1.67-fold and 3.72-fold, and oral bioavailability of wogonin increased to 187.66% after cocrystal administration. Wog-Alop cocrystal can significantly improve the C_max, AUC, and oral bioavailability of wogonin and its metabolite, which provides a new perspective for the clinical application of wogonin. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Review Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: BUCM-2023032307-1148).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of treatment of Müller A fracture of distal femur with small incision internal fixation assisted by homeopathic bidirectional-traction reduction device. METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2019, 22 patients (14 males and 8 females) with Müller type A distal femoral fractures were treated with homeopathic bidirectional-traction assisted reduction and minimally invasive small incision locking plate internal fixation;The age ranged from 29 to 58 years old with an average of (41.23±7.03) years. The time from injury to operation was 1 to 7 days with an average of (3.41±1.71) days. According to Müller classification, there were 4 cases of type A1, 10 cases of type A2, and 8 cases of type A3. The postoperative knee joint function was evaluated by Schatzker Lambert fracture criterion of distal femur. RESULTS: All the incisions healed in one stage without infection, osteomyelitis and other complications. All the fractures healed without malunion and nonunion. All of 22 patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of (14.50±2.02) months. The healing time was 3 to 6 months with an average of (4.64±1.14) months. According to Schatzker Lambert criteria for distal femoral fracture, 12 cases were excellent, 6 good, and 4 medium. CONCLUSION It is an ideal method to treat Müller type A fracture of distal femur with homeopathic bidirectional-traction assisted reduction device and minimally invasive small incision locking plate internal fixation.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Femoral Fractures/surgery* ; Femoral Fractures, Distal ; Traction ; Treatment Outcome ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Bone Plates

Objective To compare the macular structure and microcirculation in both eyes of the patients with myopic anisometropia.Methods Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)was employed to scan the macular areas in both eyes of 44 patients with myopic anisometropia.The patients were assigned into high and low groups based on the refractive diopter,and the parameters such as retinal thickness,choroidal thickness,vascular density,and perfusion density in the macular areas of both eyes were compared between the two groups.Results Other macular areas except the central and external nasal areas and the choroid of the fovea in the high group were thinner than those in the low group(all P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in retinal vascular density or perfusion density in different areas between the two groups(all P>0.05).Conclusion In the patients with myopic anisometropia,most areas of the retina in the case of high myopia is thinner than that in the case of low myopia,while there is no difference in retinal vascular density or perfusion density in both eyes.
Humans ; Anisometropia ; Choroid/blood supply* ; Microcirculation ; Myopia ; Retina ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods*

OBJECTIVETo summarize experiences of operative treatment for Essex-Lopresti injury, and analyze the effect of the compare repair of interosseous membrane of forearm(IOM)on the forearm function.

METHODSTwenty-four patients of Essex-Lopresti injury were treated from January 2005 to December 2013, 16 patients(group A) with radius and/or ulna fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of radius or ulna and repair of forearm bone membrane at the same time, and then treated with open reduction and internal fixation of head of radius, as well as lower ulnar joint fixation or repair of wrist triangle fiber complex. Another 8 patients without radius and or ulna fractures(group B) were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of head of radius, as well as lower ulnar joint fixation or repair of wrist triangle fiber complex. The wrist joint function was evaluated using Cooney wrist functional rating index, and the elbow joint function was evaluated using Mayo elbow-performance score 2 weeks and 2 years after operation.

RESULTSAccording to Cooney wrist functional rating index, 4 patients in group A got a fair result and 12 poor, 2 patients in group B got a fair result and 6 poor 2 weeks after operation; 8 patients in group A got a good result, 6 fair and 2 poor, 5 patients in group B got a good result, 2 fair and 1 poor 2 years after operation. According to Mayo elbow-performance score, 2 patients in group A got a good result, fair and 6 poor, 1 patient in group B got a good result, 5 fair and 2 poor 2 weeks after operation; 8 patients in group A got a good result, 6 fair and 2 poor, 4 patients in group B got a good result, 3 fair and 1 poor. There were no statistically differences between two groups 2 weeks and 2 years after operation.

CONCLUSIONSIt is important to restore the length of radius and/or ulna and maintain the dynamic stabilization of elbow and wrist for treat Essex-Lopresti injury. The repair of IOM has no effect on the forearm function.

Objective To observe the correlation of clopidogrel resistance and gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19),PON1 and ABCB1.Methods Gene types of CYP2C19 * 2,* 3,* 17,PON1 and ABCB1 in 175 patients with PCI acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.Platelet aggregation rate was determined by thromboela-stogram.Patients with platelet aggregation rate ＞50％ were enrolled in clopidogrel resistance group,while those with platelet aggregation rate ≤ 50％ were in clopidogrel sensitive group.Results ACS patients with CYP2C19 * 2 or * 3 heterozygote mutations were associated with a significant increase in the risk of clopidogrel resistance when compared to wild type.CYP2C19 * 2/* 2 and * 2/* 3 were at higher risk of clopidogrel resistance.The mutation rate of PON1 gene was 59.43％,in which the homozygous mutant was 15.43％.The mutation rate of ABCB1 gene was 60.57％,in which the homozygous mutant took up 14.86％.The incidence of clopidogrel resistance was not significantly affected though the mutation rates were high.Conclusion CYP2C19 * 2 or * 3 mutations were associated with clopidogrel resistance in PCI postoperative ACS patients.There was no significant correlation between PON1 and ABCB1 gene.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hematopoietic reconstitution in immunodeficiency NPG(TM) mice after transplantation of G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood CD34(+) hemopoietic stem cells.

METHODSCD34(+) cells were isolated from peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS), and then were transplanted into NPG(TM) mice irradiated with sublethal dose of X ray by marrow cavity transplantation. The hemogram of mice after transplantation for 2, 4 weeks was observed; human cell populations (CD45(+), CD19(+)) in the peripheral blood of mice were dynamically analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Until the planned harvest at the 12 week after transplantation, the CD45(+), CD19(+) level in bone marrow, liver, spleen from each mouse were detected by flow cytometry; the expression of human Alu gene in the bone marrow cell of mouse was detected by PCR.

RESULTSThe purity of CD34(+) cells accounted for 96.3%; after irradiation, the nucleated cells and megalokaryocytes in the marrow cavity of NPG mice were reduced significantly or were lost, and reached the myeloablative effect. At week 4 after transplantation, components of blood cells in peripheral blood of transplanted mice were recovered to the level before irradiation; all the mice survived, human CD45(+), CD19(+) cells were found by FCM in the peripheral blood of all the surviving mice in transplantation group at week 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 after the transplantation; at the 12th week, the human Alu gene could be detected in the bone marrow of all the mice in transplantation group.

CONCLUSIONThe human-mouse chimeric model is successfully established in irradiation-induced NPG mouse by transplantation of CD34(+) HSC from G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood via marrow cavity.

Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Spleen

BACKGROUNDOocyte vitrification is widely used throughout the world, but its clinical efficacy is inconsistent and depends on the vitrification media. This study compared the developmental potential and clinical results of in vivo matured oocytes cryopreserved with different vitrification media.

METHODSThis retrospective study involved vitrified-warmed oocytes at one in vitro fertilization laboratory. Vitrification media kits comprised the MC kit (ethylene glycol [EG] plus 1,2-propanediol [PROH]), the KT kit (EG plus dimethyl sulphoxide [DMSO]), and the Modified kit (EG plus DMSO and PROH kit). Rates of oocyte survival and subsequent developmental potential were recorded and analyzed. The t-test and the Chi-square test were used to evaluate each method's efficacy.

RESULTSOocyte survival rate was significantly higher for the Modified kit (92.0%) than for the MC kit (88.2%) (P < 0.05) and the KT kit (77.3%) (P < 0.001). The rate of high-quality embryo development in the Modified kit group (35.8%) was significantly higher than in the MC kit group (29.0%) and the KT kit group (28.3%) (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rates among the MC, KT, and Modified kit groups (37.2% vs. 30.2% vs. 39.6%; 21.9% vs. 18.8% vs. 27.4%, respectively) (P > 0.05). The high-quality embryo rate per warmed oocyte was significantly higher (23.4%) in the Modified kit group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). The embryo utilization and live birth rates per warmed oocyte were the highest in the Modified kit group, but not significantly (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSModified vitrification media are efficient for oocyte vitrification and, with further verification, may be able to replace commercially available media in future clinical applications.

Adult ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Humans ; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques ; methods ; Oocytes ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitrification

Objective To explore the clinical value of 99Tcm-MIBI G-MPI in patients diagnosed with myocardial bridging(MB) by CTA. Methods Forty-five patients with MB and 17 normal controls diagnosed by CTA(64 slices CT) were included. All patients underwent rest 99Tcm-MIBI G-MPI and 17 MB patients and 9 normal controls also underwent stress 99Tcm-MIBI G-MPI. Myocardial ischemia, function and wall motion were assessed. G-MPI results were compared with CTA results by χ2 test, Fisher exact test and t test. Results In patients with MB, the positive rate of abnormal perfusion by gated stress 99Tcm-MIBI G-MPI was 64.7% (11/17) and 41.2% (7/17) using quantitative analysis and visual evaluation respectively; while the data were 42.2% (19/45) and 22.2% (10/45) by rest G-MPI (P=0.035). The positive rate by rest G-MPI in MB patients was significant different among mural coronary arteries of different depths and different locations. By quantitative analysis of the stress G-MPI, the reversible, fixed, and mixed ischemia patients were 4 (35.3%), 6 (23.5%) and 1 (5.9%) respectively; the reversed, reversible and fixed abnormity of wall motion was found in 4 (23.5%), 4 (23.5%) and 2 (11.8%) patients respectively; the reversed, reversible and fixed wall thickening were found in 6 (35.3%), 5 (29.4%) and 1 (5.9%) patients respectively. There was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction and peak filling rate between MB patients and normal controls in both rest and stress studies (t: from -0.564 to 1.292, all P>0.05). Conclusion The G-MPI may be useful for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia and myocardial function simultaneously in patients with MB.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical and pathological features of liver injury in adults with acquired rubella.

METHODSThirty-six adult patients with acquired rubella (AAR) were enrolled in this study, the liver functions were dynamically analyzed, liver biopsy was done in two patients.

RESULTSLiver injury was found in 77.8% of the 36 patients, with slight elevation of ALT and/or AST. The highest incidence and the most serious liver injury occurred in the period of 6-10d after vanishing of the rashes. Viral inclusion bodies were found in the liver specimen, with complete histological architecture but slight inflammation. The mean hospitalization days of AAR accompanied with liver injury and without liver injury were 18.2 days, 7.8 days, respectively (u=3.596>1.96, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigh incidence of liver injury is observed in the adult patients with acquired rubella occurred in recent years, usually exhibited by mild liver injury with slight elevation of ALT. The elevation of AST or jaundice may indicate more serious liver injury, and these patients should be given active treatment to prevent acute liver failure. Liver injury may prolong the course of rubella patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Biopsy, Needle ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Rubella ; complications ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTL-U) with follicular pattern.

METHODSThe clinical data, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of lymph node biopsies and follow-up data of 18 cases of PTL-U associated with follicular growth pattern were reviewed and studied. Eight cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were used as controls. Semi-quantitative observation by retiform micrometer rule was carried out. Immunohistochemical study was also performed in all cases. T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement studies were conducted by polymerase chain reaction-based method.

RESULTSThe median age of the patients was 53 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.57:1 in lymphoma group. All of the lymphoma patients presented with superficial lymphadenopathy, with (8/18) or without B symptoms. Histologically, the lymphoma was characterized by follicles of various sizes and shapes. The T zones were expanded by medium-sized lymphoma cells which contained clear cytoplasm and irregular nuclei. Mitotic figures were commonly identified. Immunohistochemical study confirmed that the lymphoma cells were of T-lineage. The proliferative index, as highlighted by Ki-67, was higher [average = (38.24 +/- 13.42)%/mm2] than that in the control group. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement was demonstrated in 71.4% (10/14) of the lymphoma cases.

CONCLUSIONSA definitive diagnosis of PTL-U with follicular pattern can be made on the basis of morphologic examination, immunohistochemical assessment and clinical features. Cases with atypical features can further be delineated by molecular analysis. Long-term follow up of these patients is prudent.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Diseases ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Remission Induction ; Young Adult