Using the absorbent resin, silica gel and ODS column chromatography as well as semi-preparative HPLC, ten compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract of tubers of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright, and their structures were elucidated as trigoneoside XIIIa (1), parvifloside (2), trigoneoside IVa (3), deltoside (4), protobioside (5), lilioglycoside k (6), zingiberensis newsaponin I (7), deltonin (8), prosapogenin A of dioscin (9), and trillin (10) on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data analysis. Among these compounds, 1, 3, 5 and 6 were isolated from this plant for the first time. In the screening test on platelet aggregation, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited induction effect on platelet aggregation, while compound 9 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in vitro.
Animals ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; Neonatal Screening

Objective s To investigate the effects of preoperative smoking and smoking cessation time on preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory indexes and postoperative hospitalization outcomes in male patients with lung cancer and surgery therapy.Methods We retrospectively enrolled 637 male patients who underwent curative-intent lung cancer resection between January 2014 and December 2016. Patients were classified as the current smokers, the never smokers, and the ex-smokers based on their smoking history, and the ex-smokers were allocated into five subgroups according to their smoking cessation times (CeT): CeT≤6 weeks, 6weeks10years. The preoperative peripheral blood white blood cells (WBCs), albumin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), intraoperative blood loss, 30-day mortality, in-hospital days, hospitalization costs, intensive care unit (ICU), admission days and placement time of closed thoracic drainage tube were compared among different groups.Results There were significant differences in WBC (=5.275, <0.001) and albumin (=2.470, <0.05) among patients of current smokers, ex-smokers with different smoking cessation time, and never-smokers. The blood WBC count in current smokers (7.7×10 /L) was significantly higher than that in ex-smokers (7.0×10 /L)and never-smokers (5.9×10 /L) (=-2.145, <0.05; =-6.073, <0.01, respectively). The level of peripheral blood albumin in current smokers (41.1 g/L) was lower than that in ex-smokers (42.1 g/L) and never-smokers (43.2 g/L) (=2.323, <0.05; =3.995, <0.01, respectively). The level of peripheral blood NLR in current smokers (3.7) was higher than that in ex-smokers (3.1) and never smokers (2.8) (=-1.836, <0.05; =-2.889, <0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference in WBC, albumin and NLR among five subgroups of different smoking cessation time. No significant difference was observed in intraoperative blood loss, 30-day mortality, hospitalization costs, hospital stay, ICU stay and placement time of closed thoracic drainage tube among groups either. Conclusion Smoking increases the preoperative inflammatory indexes in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. Smoking cessation has beneficial effect on reducing levels of these inflammatory indexes, which may be not impacted by the time length of smoking cessation. Therefore, lung cancer patients should be encouraged to quit smoking at any time.

Objective To explore the causes and characteristics of medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery and to analyze the pathological changes after cardiac surgery and the key points of forensic anatomy, thus to provide pathological evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiac surgery and judicial appraisal as well as reference for the prevention of medical disputes in such cases. Methods Forensic pathological cases of medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery which were accepted by the Center for Medicolegal Expertise of Sun Yat-Sen University from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively from aspects such as causes of death, pathological diagnosis, surgery condition, medical misconduct, and so on. Results The causes of death after cardiac surgery of 43 patients were abnormal operation, low cardiac output syndrome, postoperative infection, postoperative thrombosis, and other diseases. Among the 43 cases, there were 18 cases without medical fault while 25 cases had medical fault. Conclusion The medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery are closely related to the operative technique and postoperative complications. The causes of medical faults include defects in diagnosis and treatment technique, as well as unfulfillment of duty of care.
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Dissent and Disputes ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies