The extensive application of radiotherapy and the long survival of patients with malignant tumors have led to an in-creased incidence rate of radiation-induced osteosarcoma (RIOS), one of the most critical radiation-induced complications. Compared with primary osteosarcoma, RIOS has higher grade and poorer prognosis, which reduces the survival of patients with cancers. However, RIOS has not been fully understood in the clinical setting. This paper summarizes the latest progress at home and abroad, focusing on the incidence rate, risk factor, latency, and diagnostic criteria of RIOS. The molecular mechanism of RIOS is associated with the muta-tion of p53, the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and the superposition of multiple alleles. Furthermore, we discuss the differences in clinical characteristics, imaging findings, treatment, and prognosis between primary osteosarcoma and RIOS.

Objective To explore the effects of keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR) transgene on sodium channel in alveolar type Ⅱ cells with LPS-induced acute lung injury, to provide the evidence for gene treatment in acute lung injury. Method Totally 40 male Sprague-Dawtey rats were randomly divided into four groups, including normal control (n=8), injured control (n=10), normal transgene (n=10) and injured transgene (n=12). The models of acute lung injury were produced using LPS, and the successful criteria was the obvious enlargement in the lung tissue. The rats in normal transgene group and injured transgene group were injected with 1 mL of KGFR adenovirus vector through rats' tail vein. At 72 hours later, the rats in injured control group and injured transgene group were injected with LPS in dose of 5 mg/kg (BW). While rats in normal control group and normal transgene group were injected with equivalent saline simultaneously. Another 48 hours later, rats in the four groups were killed. The lung tissue were collected for analysis. The expression of sodium channel in rats' alveolar type Ⅱ cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoeectron microscope. Difference among the experimental groups were estimated by ANOVA analysis (LSD-t-test). There was statistical signifi-cance when P<0.05. Results The levels of sodium channel expression in rats' alveolar type Ⅱ cells were differ-era, with normal control group (47.7±3.33), normal transgene group (46.9±5.21), injured tramgene group (29.19±4.11) and injured control group (5.1±2.3). The level of sodium channel expression in injured trans-gene group was lower than that in normal transgene group (t=9.134, P<0.001) and normal control group (t=10.601,P<0.001), but signifieantly higher than that in injured control group (t=16.466, P<0.001). Conclusions The transgene vector can effectively promote the expression of sodium channel in alveolar type Ⅱ cells in rats with LPS-indueed acute lung injury, and can alleviate sodium and water reteraion in alveolar.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s are the ideal cel s for tissue repair. Whether the ability of in vitro proliferation can be enhanced is a key factor to promote tissue repair.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of transforming growth factorβ1 on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in vitro.
METHODS:Blood samples were taken from the central artery of rabbits to prepare platelet-rich fibrin by centrifugation method which was then placed into fresh DMEM at 37℃for 7, 14, 21, 28 days to col ect exudates. The mass concentrations of transforming growth factor-β1 in the exudates of platelet-rich fibrin were detected. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were col ected and cultured in the conditioned medium made by the exudates of platelet-rich fibrin, and the proliferation of cel s was observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Concentration of transforming growth factorβ1 was increased with time increasing, increased fastest at 21-28 days, and peaked at 28 days. Under the same stimulus concentration, the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s was reduced at 0-1 day, increased obviously at 1-2 days, and entered into a steady phase at 2-3 days. Under 150 ng/L transforming growth factorβ1, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s proliferated fastest. Experimental findings indicate that with the increase of time, the concentration of transforming growth factorβ1 in the exudates of platelet-rich fibrin increase gradual y, and the conditioned media containing different concentrations of transforming growth factorβ1 play different roles in
promoting the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s cultured in the conditioned medium containing 150 ng/L transforming growth factorβ1 for 2-3 days can proliferate fastest.

OBJECTIVEWe explored the expressions of the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways and their significance in the repair process of alveolar bone defects by establishing animal models with a composite of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to repair bone defects in the extraction sockets of rabbits.

METHODSA total of 36 two-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, and the left mandibular incisors of all the rabbits were subjected to minimally invasive removalunder general anesthesia. BMSC-PRF compounds, single PRF, and single BMSC were implanted in Groups A, B, and C. No material was implanted in Group D (blank control). The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, the bone defect was immediately drawn, and the bone specimens underwent surgery after four, eight, and twelve weeks, with three rabbits per time point. The expressions of Notch1 and Wnt3a in the repair process of the bone defect were measured via immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence detection.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of Notch1 and Wnt3a in Groups A, B, and C were higher than that in Group D at the fourth and eighth week after operation (P<0.05). By contrast, the expressions of Notch1 and Wnt3a in Group D were higher than those in Groups A, B, and C at the twelfth week (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that the expressions of both Notch1 and Wnt3a reached their peaks in the new bone cells of the bone defect after four weeks following surgery and gradually disappeared when the bone was repaired completely.

CONCLUSIONNotch1 and Wnt3a signaling molecules are expressed in the process of repairing bone defects using BMSC-PRF composites and can accelerate the healing by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the expressions of Notch and Wnt are similar, and a crosstalk between them may exist it.

Alveolar Bone Grafting ; methods ; Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Bone and Bones ; abnormalities ; Cell Differentiation ; Fibrin ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Receptor, Notch1 ; metabolism ; Tissue Engineering ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Wnt3A Protein ; metabolism ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND:The periodontal ligament stem cels can promote periodontal tissue regeneration, providing a new way for the treatment of periodontitis. OBJECTIVE:To observe the inflammatory microenvironment effects on the biological properties of periodontal ligament stem cels. METHODS: Periodontal ligament stem cels from healthy controls and patients with periodontitis were primarily cultured by tissue digestion method, purified using limited dilution method, and identified through detection of CD146 and STRO-1. Then, passage 3 cels were taken and denoted as normal control and inflammation groups folowed by osteogenic induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Purified cels from two sources both expressed STRO-1 and CD146. Periodontal ligament stem cels in the inflammation group showed higher multiplication capacity, but the osteogenesis ability was lower compared with the normal control group. The expressions of Runx2 mRNA and Osterix mRNA were dropped significantly after the stimulus of tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05), but the interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 did not have a significant impact. Tumor necrosis factor-α at 0.1 and 1 μg/L had no significant effects on the expression of Runx2 mRNA, but the expression of Runx2 mRNA was decreased significantly after treatment with 10 μg/L tumor necrosis factor-α (P< 0.05). It is confirmed that the molecular signaling mechanism inside the periodontal ligament stem cels is changed under inflammatory microenvironment, so that the differentiation capacity of cels from the inflammatory sources is lowered. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-α is one of the key factors and its optimalconcentration is 10 μg/L.

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips. Methods Data of 1016 patients(group A) undergoing single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips were compared to that of 874 patients(group B)undergoing two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips by t test and chi square test for operating time,operative hemorrhage,the length of postoperative hospital stay and postoperative pain.Results In group A,1001 cases were successfully operated on with single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy,with conversion to classic four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 15 cases,while 874 cases in group B were operated on with two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.There were no bile leakage,biliary tract injury or death in both groups.There were no difference in operating time[(34.5 ±5.2) min vs (32.0±7.4)min,t=0.063,P=0.526],the length of postoperative hospital stay[(3.1±0.8)d vs(3.2±0.7)d,t=1.073,P=0.326]and operative hemorrhage[(56.5±17.8)ml vs (55.2±15.9)ml,t=0.812,P=0.425](P>0.05) between the two groups,but the postoperative pain was less severe in Group A than that in group B (P=0.000<0.05). Conclusions The single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible,safe,less traumatic and more cosmetic.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) and the disorder of blood circulation in inner ear. Method :Blood dynamics of the ophthalmic artery were studied quantitatively using color doppler imaging in 34 patients with SSHL. Result:Compared with 34 self-controls and 15 normal controls, 28 patients (82.4％) with SSHL had significantly lower blood flow velocities and higher resistance indices (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between the selfcontrol group and the normal control group (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The study suggested that the blood situations－the decreased blood flow velocities and perfusion and increased resistance of ophthalmic artery in patients with SSHL maybe play a role in the pathogenesis of SSHL.

Objective:To observe the sensitivity of transcription mediated amplification (TMA),and to compare its performance with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) in detecting human immunodeficiency virus RNA (HIV RNA).Methods:TMA system was established with TaqMan probes,specific primers,moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) reverse transcriptase,T7 RNA polymerase,and reaction substrates.The sensitivity of TMA was evaluated by amplifying a group of 10-fold diluted HIV RNA standards which were transcribed in vitro.A total of 60 plasma of HIV infected patients were measured by TMA and Cobas Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test to observe the positive rate.The correlation and concordance of the above two technologies were investigated by linear regression and BlandAltman analysis.Results:TMA system was established successfully and HIV RNA transcribed standards at concentration of equal or more than 10 copies/mL could be detected by TMA technology.Among 60 samples of plasma from HIV infected patients,46 were positively detected and 12 were negatively amplified by both TMA and Cobas reagents;2 samples were positively tested by Cobas reagent but negatively tested by TMA system.The concordance rate of the two methods was 97.1％ and the difference of positive detection rate between the two methods was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Linear regression was used for 46 samples which were positively detected by both TMA and Cobas reagents and showed an excellent correlation between the two reagents (r=0.997,P＜0.001).Bland-Altma analysis revealed that the mean different value ofHIV RNA levels for denary logarithm was 0.02.Forty-four samples were included in 95％ of credibility interval of concordance.Conclusion:TMA system has the potential of high sensitivity.TMA and real-time RT-PCR keep an excellent correlation and consistency in detecting HIV RNA.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the technology of supercritical CO2 extraction from Zingiberis rhizoma. METHODS:With the comprehensive score of the contents of 6-ginger phenol,8-ginger phenol and 10-ginger phenol and the extraction rate of the oil from Z. rhizoma as the index,uniform design method was adopted to investigate the effects of extraction pressure,extrac-tion temperature and extraction duration on the extraction result;verification tests were conducted. RESULTS:The optimal condi-tions were as follows as the extraction pressure of 25 MPa,extraction temperature of 30 ℃ and extraction duration of 2 h. In the verification tests,the average extraction rate of the oil from Z. rhizoma was 3.2%(n=3),and the comprehensive score was 1.874 2 (RSD=0.65%,n=3),with the relative deviation of 0.6% between the measured value and the predicted value. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal extraction technology is stable and feasible,with the advantages of low temperature,short duration.

Objective To prepare the Elderly Functional Constipation(FC) Health Education Scale, and verify its reliability and validity. Methods The Elderly FC Health Education Scale was prepared by qualitative interviews, literature review, and Delphi method. The elderly patients who were over 60 years old and at Chinese PLA 181st Hospital were recruited by the purposive sampling method from January 2013 to August 2015.The diagnostic criteria of RomanⅢwas used to diagnose FC, the data of preliminary investigation and large sample test was used to form the formal scale, and its reliability and validity were further verified. Results The Elderly FC Health Education Scale was compiled with 6 dimensions and 28 items, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient which was the internal consistency reliability of the 6 factor was 0.965; the correlation coefficient analysis of equality reliability Kendall tau-b rank and various index variables score were positive correlation significantly. Both item level content validity index and scale level content validity index of the content validity were as a result of 1. The structure validity of the cumulated variance contribution ratio of the 6 factors were 60.15%. All factor loading coefficients between the items were more than 0.5, which indicated the fitting was good. Conclusions The reliability and validity of the Elderly FC Health Education Scale are good, and the scale may be used as a tool to prevent the elderly FC health education, and also be applied to the elderly FC patients in self-management and continue nursing after leaving hospital.