Objective To describe the clinical features and genetic susceptibility of the familial myasthenia gravis (FMG) patients. Methods The clinical data of 47 FMG patients and 2953 sporadic myasthenia gravis (SMG) patients from 1977 to 2003 were analyzed retrospectively, and 15 FMG patients, 36 SMG patients and 47 healthy controls were investigated for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers. Results FMG was an autoimmune disorder disease and immunosuppressive therapy was as highly effective in FMG as in SMG. In all patients, 11(23.4%) cases improved significantly, 14(29.8%) cases relieved with only 5 mg prednidone, and 20(42.6%) cases relieved completely. Most FMG occurred in siblings and familial members within 2 generations, and no sexual difference was found. These suggested it should be atypical Mendel’s rules. Onset and clinical features of patients within the same family often had little difference. As compared with the SMG patients, the frequence of DQA1 *0301 allele was higher in FMG patients, especially in the ocular form, and the differences had statistical significance(40.0% vs 19.4%, P

After the Statute on Disposing Medical Accident was put in practice,doctors in China are faced with tremendous stress that never faced before.Doctors begin to evade risks with defensive medicine under the stress.There are two types of defensive medicine,one is positive defensive medicine,which will induce to excessive medical treatment for evading risks,another is negative defensive medicine which will lead to nonfeasance in the presence of intensive patients or dangerous diagnosis and treat procedure.Defensive medicine results in inefficiency of medical service and influences patients' safety.How to lessen doctors' defensive medicine will be an important social problem.

Resveratrol(RES)is a kind of antitoxin material produced by plant angainst fungi,it has many biological activites, which can restrain a variety of microorganisms.RES was reviewed in this paper with a variety of inhibition microbial func-tions in recent years,and summarized the antibacterial mechanisms of interfering with cell wall protein synthesis,cell mem-brane damage and RsbA mediating antibacterial factor formation.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of rude Rhubarb combined with Danshen root treating Cholestatic hepatitis E. Methods 60 cases of cholestatic hepatitis E were randomly recurited into a treatment group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was administrated with liver protection therapy, symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Based on therapies of the control group, the treatment group was taken with Rhubarb 3 g orally, twice daily, and intravenously dropped with Danshen root injection 20ml, once daily. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group was 93.3% and 66.7% respectively, showing significant differance(P<0.01 ). The value of TBil and DBil in the treatment group was statistically improved compared with the control group (P<0.01) . besides the hospitalized time of the treatment group was 46±9 days and hospitalization expense was 6630±1032 RMB, demonstrating a significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusion Rude Rhubarb combined with Danshen root can treat Cholestatic hepatitis E by improving the symptoms and reducing serum bilirubin level. Besides this method also shortens therapeutic time and reduces hospitalization costs.

Objective To evaluate the ability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI )and DTT to differentiate the central prostate cancer(PCa )from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH ).Methods 16 CG-PCa cases and 30 BPH cases proven by Histopathologi-cally had been performed MRI and DTI.ADC values and FA values of CG-PCa and BPH were respectively measured,comparing whether there is any discrepancies between two groups.For DTT maps,two observers record the score using a four-point scale and compare the differences between two groups of lesions about fibers continuity and density.Results ADC values and FA values in BPH-PCa were:(1 357±163)×10-6-(1 058±196)×10-6 mm2/s,and (356±116)×10-3- (407±132)×10-3 respectively. ADC value between the two groups was statistically significant difference (P< 0.05).While FA values was not(P>0.05).Interob-server agreement regarding the scale was good (k =0.723).The two viewers'DTT map score of CG cancer were 2.9±0.9;2.8± 1.0,the BPH were 1.8±0.7;1.7±0.8.The DTT map score between the two groups for two viewers were all statistically signifi-cant difference (P< 0.05).Conclusion ADC values can significantly differentiate CG-PCa from BPH,FA values cannot.DTT maps can describe prostate more institute,providing a certain value in distinguish PCa from BPH.

Based on health economics principle and the present situation,the academic paper mostly analyzed various relevant market and government factors to changes in supply and demand of acup-mox services,and thereby could be used for reference to reforms about health economics policy in acup-mox field.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of Cilnidipine sustained-release tablet,and study its drug-release mecha-nism. METHODS:Solvent method was adopted to prepare the cilnidipine solid dispersion,then Cilnidipine sustained-release tablet was prepared by using hypromellose K4M(HPMC K4M)as release material. Using comprehensive scores of cumulative release de-gree in 2,6,12 h as indexes,single factor method and Box-Behnken response surface method were used to screen the amounts of HPMC K4M and ethyl cellulose (EC),lactose-microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) ratio in formulation of Cilnidipine sustained-re-lease tablet,and verification test was conducted. The drug-release mechanism of Cilnidipine sustained-release tablet was investigat-ed by model fitting way. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follow as 25％ of cilnidipine solid dispersion,30％ of HPMC K4M,10％ of EC,lactose-MCC ratio of 1:1(m/m). The adhesive was 5％ PVPP ethanol solution and the lubricant was 0.5％magnesium stearate. The cumulative release degrees of prepared sustained-release tablet in 2,6,12 h were(21.4±3.3)％,(62.9± 2.8)％,(85.4±0.5)％(n=3),relative error of which to predicted value 25％,60％,90％were 14.4％,4.8％and 5.1％. Release curve showed the highest fitting degree with the first-order release model,conforming to non-Fick diffusion. CONCLUSIONS:Cil-nidipine sustained-release tablet with sustained-release effect is successfully prepared by optimized formulation.

OBJECTIVE To explore the incidence of the nosocomial infection in patients with mental diseases,analyze the correlative factors and then reduce the incidence.METHODS By using the retrospective method,the inpatient cases in Department of Psychotherapy from Jan 2000 to Dec 2005 were surveyed and statistically analyzed.RESULTS There were 307 cases of nosocomial infection from 4175 inpatients with mental diseases.The infection rate was 7.35%.The total rate had been dropped year by year.The major sites of the infection were the upper respiratory tract,the gastrointestinal tract and the lower respiratory tract.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of the nosocomial infection is related with fallowing factors:the characteristic of patients,the crowded wards,the changing seasons and the side-effect of drug.

Objective To investigate the infection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in patients with atherosclerosis and explore its clinical significance.Methods A total of 134 patients with atherosclerosis (observation group) including 102 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 32 patients with non-CHD from December 2009 to April 2012 were enrolled in this study.The 102 patients with CHD were divided into HCMV infection group (86 cases) and non-HCMV infection group (16 cases).Another 40 healthy person were selected as control group.The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed by ultrasonography.The serum HCMV-IgM was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The infection rate of HCMV in observation group was 77.6％ (104/134),which was higher than that of 37.5％(15/40) in control group(P ＜ 0.05).The infection rate of HCMV in CHD patients and non-CHD patients was 84.3％(86/102) and 56.2％(18/32),and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The carotid IMT in HCMV infected atherosclerosis patients was (1.31 + 0.28) mm,which was higher than that of (1.14 ± 0.21)mm in non-HCMV infected atherosclerosis patients (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of myocardial infarction and multi-vessel lesion in HCMV infection group was higher than that in non-HCMV infection group [39.5％(34/86) vs.25.0％(4/16) and 43.0％(37/86) vs.18.8％(3/16)](P＜ 0.05).The incidence of stable angina pectoris and single-vessel lesion in HCMV infection group was lower than that in non-HCMV infection group [26.7％(23/86) vs.43.8％(7/16) and 22.1％(19/86) vs.56.2％(9/16)](P＜0.05).Conclusion The high-infection rate of HCMV is found in atherosclerosis patients,and it maybe have a close relationship with the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.

Objective To develop a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method(GC/MS) for simultaneous determination of environmental estrogens including 4-nonylphenol,bishphenol A,diethylstilbestrol and 17?-ethinylestradiol and endogenic estrogens including 17?-estradiol,17?-estradiol,estriol and estrone in mutton. Methods Mutton samples were extracted using a mixture of acetonitrile-ethyl acetate(3∶2,V/V) and cleaned up by florisil cartridge. Derived with pentafluoropropionic anhydride(PFPA) ,the derivatives were determined by GC-MS. Results The linear range of determination was 0.2-5.0 ?g/kg. The intraday relative standard deviations of the peak area were 1.25%—5.85% and the detection limits ranged from 0.024 to 1.40 ?g/kg,and the rates of recovery ranged from 71.5%—111.0% except for 17?-ethinylestradiol( 55.4%) . Conclusion This method is simple,rapid,accurate and applicable to the determination of trace environmental estrogens in mutton